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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responsiveness of cardiac Na+ channels to a site-directed antiserum against the cytosolic linker between domains III and IV and their sensitivity to other modifying agents (1993)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 134 (1993), S. 231-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Noninactivating cardiac Na+ channels ; Removal of inactivation ; Cardiac Na+ channel protein ; α-subunit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Elementary Na+ currents were recorded in inside-out patches from neonatal rat heart cardiocytes to analyze the influence of a site-directed polyclonal anti-serum against the linker region between the domains III and IV (amino acids 1489–1507 of the cardiac Na+ channel protein) on Na+ channel gating and to test whether this part of the α-subunit may be considered as a target for modifying agents such as the (−)-enantiomer of DPI 201-106. Anti-SLP 1 serum (directed against amino acids 1490–1507) evoked, usually within 10–15 min after cytosolic administration, modified Na+ channel activity. Antiserum-modified Na+ channels retain a single open state but leave, at −60 mV for example, their conducting configuration consistently with an about threefold lower rate than normal Na+ channels. Another outstanding property of noninactivating Na+ channels, enhanced burst activity, may be quite individually pronounced, a surprising result which is difficult to interpret in terms of structure function relations. Removal of inactivation led to an increase of reconstructed peak I Na (indicating a rise in NP o) and changed I Na decay to obey second-order kinetics, i.e., open probability declined slowly but progressively during membrane depolarization. The underlying deactivation process is voltage dependent and responds to a positive voltage shift with a deceleration but may operate even at the same membrane potential with different rates. Iodatemodified Na+ channels exhibit very similar properties including a conserved conductance. They are likewise controlled by an efficient, voltage-dependent deactivation process. Modification by (−)-DPI 201-106 fundamentally contrasts to the influence of anti-SLP 1 serum and the protein reagent iodate since (−)-DPI-modified Na+ channels maintain their open probability for at least 120 msec, i.e., a deactivation process seems lacking. This functional difference suggests that the linker region between the domains III and IV of the α-subunit may not be the only target for (−)-DPI 201-106 and related compounds, if at all.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234504
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Component yields and quality of binary mixtures of lucerne and perennial, Italian or short rotation hybrid ryegrass (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 48 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Studies were conducted to characterize sward dynamics of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) and perennial, Italian or short rotation hybrid rye-grass (Lolium perenne L. and L. multiflorum Lam.) binary mixtures under hay management. Lucerne/timothy (Phleum pratense L.) mixtures were included as controls. The study was conducted on two farms in central Pennsylvania, USA on Hagerstown silt loams (fine, mixed, mesic hapludalf). Total dry matter yield, grass yield and yield of digestible dry matter were higher for tetraploid perennial and tetraploid Italian ryegrass mixtures than for timothy mixtures. Seasonal production differed for the three kinds of ryegrass. Italian ryegrass dry matter yields were higher in cuts 2 and 3 than perennial ryegrass yields. Grass yields represented 34%, 24% and 12% of total yields of the Italian, perennial or short rotation, and timothy mixtures, respectively. However, herbage in vitro dry matter digestibility of Italian was lower than that of perennial ryegrass.The tetraploid perennial ryegrasses Grimalda and Reveille had high-ranking N concentrations more frequently than other cultivars, while Bar-vestra and Reveille tetraploid perennials and Bison short rotation ryegrass had high-ranking dry matter digestibility values more frequently than the other cultivars. Perennial ryegrass cultivars and Lipo tetraploid Italian ryegrass persisted well for 4 years and produced higher yields with a lower weed content than timothy mixtures. It is concluded that perennial ryegrasses and Lipo Italian ryegrass should be recommended over timothy, as companion grasses with lucerne.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1993.tb01844.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the Neutralizing Antibody Response to the Measles Virus Using Synthetic Peptides of the Haemagglutinin Protein (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 38 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Infection or immunization with measles virus induces a protective immune reaction including neutralizing antibodies against the haemagglutinin and fusion protein. The reactivity of the polyclonal IgG response of sera obtained from late convalescent donors was studied, using overlapping 15mer peptides covering the complete sequence of the measles virus haemagglutinin. Most sera reacted with a similar set of peptides generating a characteristic binding pattern. The reactive peptides correspond to a region mediating cell hemolysis (aa310–325), to regions which serve as targets to neutralizing antibodies and to a putative transmembrane region (aa35–58). The latter region contains also a human T-cell epitope providing evidence of a non-random association of T- and B-cell epitopes. We also immunized different strains of mice and rabbits with measles virus. In contrast to the human sera, animal sera with strong neutralizing activities did not react with any of the H-protein peptides. The mostly weak reactivities with the linear sequences contrast with the strong neutralizing activities of the human or animal antibodies, suggesting that these primarily recognize the fusion protein or conformational epitopes of the haemagglutinin protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1993.tb02589.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipopeptide als natürliche Adjuvantien für Impfstoffe aus Gram-negativen Bakterien (1993)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 80 (1993), S. 9-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Abstract Bacterial cell wall components such as lipopolysaccharide, a variety of membrane proteins, murein, and lipoprotein can act as immunoadjuvants for bacterial vaccines, thus enhancing protection from bacterial infections. Synthetically prepared N-terminal parts of the lipoprotein from Enterobacteria carrying three fatty acid residues or lipopeptide analogs containing one to four aminoacids bound to S-glycerylcysteine act as potent immunoadjuvants in vivo in combination with or covalently linked to antiges. Here we demonstrate that the supplementation ofSalmonella vaccines with these synthetic lipopeptides significantly enhances their vaccine efficiency in mice. Variations in the native lipopeptide structure regarding chain length and amino acid sequence of the peptide moiety, as well as modifications of the lipoamino acid, lead to reduction or even complete loss of the adjuvant activity. The immunoadjuvant properties of the lipopeptides as described here are mediated by an enhancement of the humoral immune response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01139751
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the density of microtubular networks in mesophyll cells and mesophyll derived protoplasts of Nicotiana and Triticum during leaf development (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 190 (1993), S. 10-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Leaf development ; Mesophyll (cells, protoplasts) ; Microtubule (patterns, density) ; Nicotiana ; Tissue culture (in vitro competence) ; Triticum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Changes in the density of microtubular mesh-works were analysed in mesophyll cells and mesophyll derived protoplasts of Nicotiana tabacum L. and Triticum aestivum L. during leaf development. The main purpose of this study was to test whether the low density, if not lack, of microtubular networks recently described in protoplasts that had been isolated from fully differentiated mesophyll cells happened during protoplast isolation or whether the loss of microtubules actually occurred during differentiation of the leaf tissue. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the density of the microtubular cytoskeleton in the leaf tissue decreased steadily after cessation of cell growth in both species. Nevertheless, in Triticum microtubule disappearance was swifter and occurred along a gradient from the base to tip of the leaf, a phenomenon reflecting the differences in the ontogeny between the dicotyledonous Nicotiana and the mono-cotyledonous Triticum leaves. Protein extraction from leaf tissues and Western blot analysis indicated that in both species the disappearance of microtubules was the result of a degradation of tubulin and not only due to a depolymerisation into tubulin subunits. When the cell walls were removed from live cells and the protoplasts released, the original patterns of the microtubules became obscured and, particularly in differentiated cells, the integrity and density of the microtubule strands deteriorated. The potential application of the density of the microtubular cytoskeleton as a marker in studies on differentiation and dedifferentiation in mesophyll cells and protoplasts is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195669
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine mapping of HIV-1 Nef-epitopes by monoclonal antibodies (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 128 (1993), S. 81-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A panel of newly isolated murine monoclonal antibodies is described which are specific for the Nef protein of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Epitope mapping using recombinant Nef-related proteins, synthetic peptides and lipopeptides showed 3 independent antigenic determinants located within the regions of amino acids 83–93, 175–190 and 86–166 of the Nef protein. None of the monoclonal antibodies reacted with recombinant Nef proteins of HIV-2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01309790
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and chemical characterization of staphyloferrin B, a hydrophilic siderophore from staphylococci (1993)
    Springer
    BioMetals 6 (1993), S. 185-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Keywords: siderophore ; iron transport ; iron complex ; Staphylococcus hyicus ; staphyloferrin B
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the chemical characterization of staphyloferrin B, a new complexone type siderophore isolated from low iron cultures of Staphylococcus hyicus DSM 20459. Purification of the very hydrophilic metabolite was achieved by anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography HPLC. Mass spectrometry showed a molecular mass of 448 amu. Hydrolysis with 8 mHCl revealed the presence of l-2,3-diaminopropionic acid, citrate, ethylenediamine and succinic semialdehyde. The connections between the four building blocks were determined by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. UV/Vis and circular dichroism spectra are consistent with the proposed structure, which could also be confirmed by precursor feeding. The siderophore activity of staphyloferrin B was demonstrated by iron transport measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00205858
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microtubules and cell shaping in the mesophyll ofNigella damascena L. (1993)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 173 (1993), S. 8-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Nigella damascena ; Mesophyll ; Arm-palisade ; Microtubules ; Wall deposition ; Cell shaping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cell shaping in the mesophyll ofNigella damascena was investigated with the aim of determining the origin of the arm-like protrusions, which are characteristic of, e.g., arm-palisade cells. It was found that hoops of cell wall were deposited during the early stages of cell expansion. The hoops were interconnected, thus embracing the cells with a wide-meshed net of local wall reinforcement. The pattern of wall deposition in the extra-cellular matrix correlated with a pattern of bands of microtubules in the cortical cytoplasm of the cells. During lateral expansion bulges were forced through the comparatively thin walls of spaces between the meshes, giving rise to the arm-like protrusions. After establishing the cell shape the bands of microtubules disintegrated and cell wall was uniformly deposited. The results are discussed in the context of the mode of cell shaping observed in the mesophyll of other systems and of a previous, classical hypothesis on the origin of arms in mesophyll cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01378857
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