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  • 1995-1999  (3)
  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1996  (3)
  • 1994  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maternal nutritional status in pregnancy and blood pressure in childhood (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 101 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To examine the relation between indices of maternal nutrition during pregnancy, including haemoglobin concentration, skinfold thickness and body weight, and the child's blood pressure at 10 to 12 years of age.Design Follow up study of children whose mothers had haemoglobin estimations, weights and skinfold thicknesses recorded during pregnancy.Setting Kingston, Jamaica.Subjects Seventy-seven children whose mothers took part in a prospective study of nutrition during pregnancy in relation to fetal growth.Main outcome measure Blood pressure at 10 to 12 years of age.Results The child's mean systolic pressure adjusted for current weight rose by 2.6 mmHg (95 % CI 0.5–4.6, P= 0.01) for each 1 g/dl fall in the mother's lowest haemoglobin during pregnancy. Mothers with a lower haemoglobin had thinner skinfold thicknesses, especially over the triceps (P= 0.005). In multiple regression analyses, taking account of the child's sex and current weight, there was a strong association between thin maternal triceps skinfold thickness at 15 weeks of gestation and raised blood pressure in the offspring. Taking account of the mother's triceps skinfold thickness abolished the relation between lower haemoglobin and raised blood pressure in the child. Lower weight gain between 15 and 35 weeks of gestation was independently associated with raised children's blood pressure. Systolic pressure rose by 10.7 mmHg (95 % CI 5.7 to 15.6, P= 0.0001) for each log mm decrease in the mother's triceps skinfold thickness, and by 0.6 mmHg (95% CI 0.1 to 1.0, P= 0.02) for each 1 kg decrease in the mother's weight gain during pregnancy.Conclusions These results parallel animal experiments suggesting that impaired maternal nutrition may underlie the programming of adult hypertension during fetal life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1994.tb11911.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diet in pregnancy and the offspring's blood pressure 40 years later (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 103 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To determine how diet of the mother in pregnancy influences the blood pressure of the offspring in adult life.Design A follow up study of men and women born during 1948–1954 whose mothers had taken part in a survey of diet in late pregnancy.Setting Aberdeen, Scotland.Population Two hundred and fifty-three men and women born in Aberdeen Maternity Hospital.Main outcome measure Systolic and diastolic blood pressure.Results The relations between the diet of mothers and their offsprings' blood pressure were complex. When the mothers' intake of animal protein was less than 50 g daily, a higher carbohydrate intake was associated with a higher blood pressure in the offspring (a 100 g increase in carbohydrate being associated with a 3 mmHg increase in systolic pressure (P= 0.02)). At daily animal protein intakes above 50 g, lower Carbohydrate intake was associated with higher blood pressure (a 100 g decrease in carbohydrate being associated with an 11 mmHg rise in systolic blood pressure (P= 0.004)). These increases in blood pressure were associated with decreased placental size.Conclusion Mothers' intakes of animal protein and carbohydrate in late pregnancy may influence their offsprings' adult blood pressure. This may be mediated through effects on placental growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09718.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acclimation of leaf carotenoid composition and ascorbate levels to gradients in the light environment within an Australian rainforest (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The influence of the growth photon flux density (PFD) on the size and composition of the carotenoid pool and the size of the reduced ascorbate pool was determined across a light gradient from the forest floor to the canopy and the forest edge of a sub-tropical rainforest in New South Wales, Australia. Nineteen plant species (most collected from multiple sites) representing a broad taxonomic range consistently possessed larger total carotenoid pools when found growing in more exposed sites. There was a significant positive correlation between β-carotene content and growth PFD and a significant negative correlation between α-carotene content and growth PFD. Neoxanthin content exhibited no significant trend while the trend in lutein content varied with mode of expression. The pigments of the xanthophyll cycle (violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin) exhibited the most pronounced response to growth PFD; they comprised a much greater portion of the total carotenoid pool in high light-acclimated plants. The pool of reduced ascorbate was also several-fold greater in high light-acclimated plants. These acclimatory changes in carotenoid and ascorbate content are consistent with a need for a greater capacity to dissipate excessive absorbed light energy in high light-acclimated plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00215.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disproportionate fetal growth and raised IgE concentration in adult life (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 24 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. A follow-up study was carried out to determine whether either impaired or disproportionate fetal growth are associated with a raised total serum IgE concentration in men and women aged 50 years. The serum IgE concentration was measured in 146 men and 134 women born in Preston (Lancashire, UK) between 1935 and 1943, whose size at birth had been measured in detail.Sixty-two subjects were found to have an IgE concentration above 80 IU/ml. Compared with subjects with a normal IgE on average they had a 0.30 inch larger head circumference at birth (P -0.004) and weighed 5.6 ounces more at birth (P= 0.04). People with a raised and with a normal IgE were of similar crown-heel length at birth, indicating that in utero those with a raised IgE had had disproportionate growth of the head in relation to the trunk and limbs. The prevalence of a raised IgE rose from 14% in subjects whose head circumference at birth was 13 inches or less to 37% in those whose head circumference was more than 14 inches. This association was independent of gestational age at birth and of the mother's pelvic size and parity. It was also independent of adult physique, social class and smoking, and was similar in men and women. In multiple logistic regression analyses odds ratios of a raised IgE rose progressively to more than 4 as head circumference at birth increased from 13 inches or less to more than 14 inches.One possibility is that these associations reflect the long-term effects of sustaining fetal brain growth at the expense of the trunk, in particular the thymus. This may be a consequence of fetal under-nutrition in late gestation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00968.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathology in winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) living adjacent to a pulp and paper mill (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 26 (1994), S. 95-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Winter flounder were captured by scuba divers from an area adjacent to a sulfite pulp and paper mill and from a reference site and the tissues examined for lesions. Severe hyperplasia of the gills, focal vacuolation in the liver, and multifocal hemosiderosis in the spleen and liver were most pronounced in large, adult fish collected near the mill. Lesions were less severe and prevalent in smaller fish. Vacuolation in the liver represents a preneoplastic lesion. The histopathological changes appear to be the result of chronic exposure. Few or no lesions were observed in the tissues of flounder taken from the reference site. Although the specific cause of these lesions is unknown, it is likely associated with cytotoxic compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212799
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalies in sculpins (Myoxocephalus spp.) sampled near a pulp and paper mill (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 26 (1994), S. 491-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study investigated anomalies in two species of benthic sculpins (Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus and M. scorpius) inhabiting a marine inlet in Newfoundland, Canada, where effluent from a pulp and paper mill is discharged and from two reference sites. Condition factor of both species of sculpins from the polluted and a reference site was similar. Some differences in parasite fauna were observed. Tissues from reference fish, obtained from two uncontaminated sites for comparison, were normal. Impaired vision, fin and tail necrosis, hyperplasia of the gill epithelium, depletion of energy reserves in the liver, and multifocal hemosiderosis in the spleen were observed primarily in M. octodecemspinosus captured near the paper mill. These stress-associated lesions, probably caused by undetermined xenobiotics, appear to be associated with the sediment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214152
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thinness at birth and insulin resistance in adult life (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 150-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, fetal growth, metabolic programming.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus may originate through impaired development in fetal life. Both insulin deficiency and resistance to the action of insulin are thought to be important in its pathogenesis. Although there is evidence that impaired fetal development may result in insulin deficiency, it is not known whether insulin resistance could also be a consequence of reduced early growth. Insulin resistance was therefore measured in 81 normoglycaemic subjects, and 22 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, who were born in Preston, UK, between 1935 and 1943. Their birth measurements had been recorded in detail. Insulin resistance was measured by the insulin tolerance test which uses the rate of fall in blood glucose concentrations after intravenous injection of insulin as an index of insulin resistance. Men and women who were thin at birth, as measured by a low ponderal index, were more insulin resistant. The association was statistically significant (p =0.01) and independent of duration of gestation, adult body mass index and waist to hip ratio and of confounding variables including social class at birth or currently. Thinness at birth and in adult life has opposing effects such that resistance fell with increasing ponderal index at birth but rose with increasing adult body mass index. It is concluded that insulin resistance is associated with impaired development in fetal life. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 150–154]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050086
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the use of radiosonde humidity observations in mid-latitude NWP (1996)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 60 (1996), S. 3-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary We compare radiosonde observations of relative humidity with NWP versions of the Meteorological Office Unified Model, and attempt to understand the causes of the systematic differences seen. The differences are found to have a different structure in cyclonic and anticyclonic situations over the UK. In cyclonic situations the mid-tropospheric temperature and humidity differences could be due to model biases, consistent with the conservation of energy; the latent heating from precipitation of the model's excess moisture would remove the model's cold bias. There is also some evidence for observational bias. Wetting of the sonde sensor in cloud can cause a moist bias at higher levels. The Väisala RS80 sonde also appears to have a dry bias near saturation. The Unified Model has a parameterisation for stratiform cloud which calculates the fractional cloud cover in a gridbox from the box-average relative humidity, allowing for sub-grid-scale variability within the box. This scheme has been tuned to give reasonable cloud amounts with the model's relative humidities. The cloud amounts implied (by the scheme) for radiosonde relative humidities are systematically less than the observed cloud. So assimilation of the observed humidities can significantly degrade analyses and predictions of cloud. Bias corrections for the radiosonde humidities have been calculated to compensate for this. Experiments have been performed to test the effect of the bias correction on the assimilation and prediction of cloud and precipation. With the control system, cloud cover and precipitation spins-up during the forecast period; the bias correction improves this. A large improvement was also found when the relationship between the temperature and humidity assimilation was changed; it is better to assume that temperature and relative humidity errors are uncorrelated, rather than temperature and specific humidity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01029782
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