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  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (6)
  • 1995-1999  (6)
  • 1996  (6)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Schlagwort(e): Ureter ; Nitric oxide ; Smooth muscle physiology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract There is ample evidence that nitric oxide (NO) is an important neurotransmitter in many tissues of the urogenital tract. The aim of the present study was to examine the possible role of NO in ureteral relaxation. Human ureteral rings were mounted in organ bath chambers and precontracted with KCl. Increasing doses of the NO donor linsidomine (SIN-1) were added with and without prior blockade of the NO/cGMP pathway by methylene blue and protein kinase (PK) inhibitors Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS and Rp-8-CPT-cAMPS. Electrical field stimulation (EFS) was done before and after incubation with L-NOARD (N G-nitro-L-arginine) and TTX (tetratodoxin). For detection of neuronal NO synthase (NOS), ureters were stained immunohistochemically. Ureteral strips were dose dependently relaxed by SIN-1; preincubation with methylene blue and protein kinase G inhibitor significantly reduced the SIN-1-induced relaxations. No effects of L-NOARG and TTX on EFS-induced tone alterations were found. NOS-positive neuronal axons and nerve-ending-like structures were found in the muscular layers. Our in vitro findings suggest that ureteral relaxation may involve the NO pathway.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-8726
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Cardiodilatin/atrial natriuretic peptide (CDD/ANP) is a hormone system of great clinical importance. The prohormone CDD/ANP-1-126 is a peptide synthesized in the heart and cleaved during exocytosis into the circulating form CDD/ANP-99-126. Urodilatin (CDD/ANP-95-126) is a homologue natriuretic peptide that differs from CDD/ANP-99-126 by four amino acids. Whereas CDD/ANP-99-126 circulates in blood plasma and is not excreted into the urine, urodilatin is detected only in urine. Urodilatin exerts its renal effects in a paracrine fashion. After its secretion from cells in the distal tubule, it interacts with luminally located receptors in the collecting duct, resulting in increased diuresis and natriuresis. Results suggest that urodilatin plays an important role in the physiologic regulation of fluid balance and sodium homeostasis. Pharmacology studies reveal significant differences when urodilatin and CDD/ANP-99-126 are given intravenously, showing that stronger diuresis and natriuresis are induced by urodilatin as compared with those induced by CDD/ANP-99-126. Clinical studies indicate the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of urodilatin in patients suffering from acute renal failure following heart and liver transplantation. A significant reduction in requirements for hemodialysis/hemofiltration can be achieved using urodilatin. Postobstructive diuresis and natriuresis is probably due to a defective urinary concentrating mechanism and is usually resistant to treatment with antidiuretic hormone. The distal tubule and collecting duct have often been considered to be the site of altered sodium and water excretion following relief of obstruction. Since circulating CDD/ANP-99-126 levels are markedly elevated during obstruction and decrease upon relief of the obstruction, natriuretic peptides may play an important role in this clinical feature. On the basis of recent findings attributing an important role in sodium homeostasis to urodilatin in contrast to CDD/ANP-99-126, future studies have to clarify whether urodilatin, not CDD/ANP-99-126, might be responsible for the altered renal sodium excretion observed in postobstructive diuresis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 433-439 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Trehalose ; insect haemolymph ; neuropeptides ; insect fat body ; fructose 2,6-bisphosphate ; insect flight muscle ; regulation of trehalase
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide comprising two glucose molecules. It is present in high concentration as the main haemolymph (blood) sugar in insects. The synthesis of trehalose in the fat body (an organ analogous in function to a combination of liver and adipose tissue in vertebrates) is stimulated by neuropeptides (hypertrehalosaemic hormones), released from the corpora cardiaca, a neurohaemal organ associated with the brain. The peptides cause a decrease in the content of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in fat body cells. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, acting synergistically with AMP, is a potent activator of the glycolytic enzyme 6-phosphofructokinase-1 and a strong inhibitor of the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase. This indicates that fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is a key metabolic signal in the regulation of trehalose synthesis in insects. Trehalose is hydrolysed by trehalase (E.C. 3.2.1.28). The activity of this enzyme is regulated in flight muscle, but the mechanism by which this is achieved is unknown. Trehalase from locust, flight muscle is a glycoprotein bound to membranes of the microsomal fraction. The enzyme can be activated by detergents in vitro and by short flight intervals in vivo, which indicates that changes in the membrane environment modulate trehalase activity under physiological conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Urinary tract infection ; Bacterial adhesion ; Uroepithelial defense mechanism ; Ligand-receptor interaction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Uroepithelial defense has been suggested to contribute to the local host resistance against ascending urinary tract infection. The cellular mechanism, however, is not known. In this study, bacterial growth was measured under the direct and indirect influence of uroepithelial cells. To study if a specific ligand-receptor interaction is required for uroepithelial cell (UEC) activation, isogenic Escherichia coli mutants expressing either mannose-sensitive, mannose-resistant (p), or mannose resistant (s) pili were tested for their capacity to induce the UEC defense mechanism. The antibacterial effect of UEC was abolished either by performing coculture in chambers with a fluid-permeable membrane which separates UEC from bacteria or by inhibiting membrane contact using the antiadherence factor pentosane polysulfate. No difference between the various types of pili could be shown. All E. coli strains adhered comparably to the UEC and were subsequently suppressed in their growth. Even a “naked” mutant without expression of common pili showed a similar behavior. In conclusion, bacterial growth suppression depends on direct contact between the UEC and bacteria, but is independent of common pili expressed on E. coli.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 77 (1996), S. 29-40 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract From a set of finite element (FE) simulations of creep crack growth in compact tension specimens, the critical value of the crack tip opening displacement, CTOD, for creep crack growth has been generated for a Ni-base superalloy (Waspaloy) at 700°C. It was found that the critical value is independent of the initial crack length, amount of previous creep crack growth and the load level. Hence, the CTOD seems likely to be a viable criterion for use in creep crack growth rate analysis. Good agreement was also obtained between the experimental test results and FE predictions of the creep crack growth with time and between the crack growth rate, da/dt, versus the C * parameter based on load-line displacement rate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Reduction of copper loss in potable water in domestic installations by water treatmentIn the scope of examinations for water-supply companies the effects of water treatment processes on the corrosion behaviour of materials which are used for water distribution (unalloyed steel, asbestos-cement, galvanized steel and copper) were tested by the Rhenian-Westphalian Institute of Waterchemistry and Watertechnology (IWW), Institute at the Gerhard-Mercator-University-GH Duisburg.Experimental studies have been made with copper sections and weighed ring specimens. The testing conditions were similar to those in a real domestic installation. Specimens taken at different testing times have been investigated with respect to mass loss measurements. The testing results demonstrate the possibility to estimate the concentrations on copper transported into the sewage sludge by domestic sewage. The testing conditions are described and the dominant influence of the water characteristics with respect to the water treatment processes are discussed.The experiments have shown that the central dosage of inhibitors, especially phosphate-products, is able to reduce the load of copper in domestic sewage in water systems with high concentrations of natural salts. The deacidification associated with water softening and slow-decarbonisation is qualified to reduce the load of copper in water systems with high concentrations on carbon dioxide.
    Notizen: Im Rahmen von Untersuchungen für Wasserversorgungsunternehmen wurden am Rheinisch-Westfälischen Institut für Wasserchemie und Wassertechnologie (IWW), Institut an der Gerhard-Mercator-Universität GH Duisburg, Versuche zum Einfluß verschiedener Wasseraufbereitungsverfahren auf das Korrosionsverhalten der in der Wasserverteilung eingesetzten Werkstoffe (unlegierter Stahl, Asbestzement, feuerverzinkter Stahl und Kupfer) durchgeführt. Dabei wurden u.a. Massenverlustraten an Kupfer ermittelt, die eine Abschätzung der aus der Hausinstallation über das Abwasser in den Klärschlamm gelangenden Kupfermengen ermöglicht. Es wird die verwendete Versuchsmethodik beschrieben. Anhand der erhaltenen Ergebnisse wird der Einfluß der Wasserbeschaffenheit, insbesondere nach verschiedenen Verfahren der Aufbereitung diskutiert und bewertet.Als Zwischenergebnis ist festzuhalten, daß die Zugabe von Phosphaten sehr gut geeignet erscheint, die ins Abwasser gelangende Kupferfracht zu reduzieren, wenn Wässer vorliegen, die aufgrund ihres Neutralsalzgehaltes (Chlorid, Sulfat, Nitrat) örtliche Korrosion in besonderem Maße begünstigen. Die chemische Entsäuerung (i.e. Entsäuerung mit einer Base, bei der gleichzeitig eine Enthärtung und Entcarbonisierung des Wassers stattfindet) erweist sich dort als besonders vorteilhaft, wo die erhöhte Kupferfracht des Ausgangswassers im wesentlichen durch einen hohen Gehalt an Kohlenstoffdioxid bedingt ist.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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