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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Klinischer Verlauf und Narbenentwicklung beim operierten vesico-renalen Reflux in einer Langzeitbeobachtung (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 920-926 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Vesico-renal reflux ; Renal parenchymal scar ; Urinary tract infection ; Asymptomatic bacteriuria ; Uroepithelial cell ; Vesico-renaler Reflux ; Nierenparenchymnarbe ; Harnwegsinfektion ; Asymptomatische Bakteriurie ; Uroepithelzelle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 62 Patienten (14 Knaben, 48 Mädchen), bei denen an insgesamt 85 Niereneinheiten ein vesico-renaler Reflux (Grad 2–4) erfolgreich operiert worden war, wurden im Durchschnitt 9,3 Jahre postoperativ auf das Auftreten von Harnwegsinfektionen (HWI) und von neuen Nierenparenchymnarben (NN) verfolgt. Bei den männlichen Patienten traten postoperativ bis auf einen Knaben keine HWI bzw. NN auf. Ähnliches galt auch für etwa 45% der Mädchen. Beide Gruppen von Patienten wiesen vor Operation hohe Refluxgrade auf. Bei den übrigen Mädchen, deren präoperative Reflux-Grade im Durchschnitt relativ niedrig lagen, traten jedoch postoperativ über Jahre noch HWI auf. NN entwickelten sich vorwiegend in dieser Zeit. Untersuchungen der Fähigkeit von Uroepithelzellen (UEZ), das Bakterienwachstum zu hemmen, zeigten, daß die UEZ dieser Patienten das Bakterienwachstum nicht supprimieren konnten. Somit entsprachen diese Mädchen bezüglich ihrer UEZ-Funktion Patientinnen mit asymptomatischer Bakteriurie. HWI und NN bei Reflux scheinen somit durch unterschiedliche Ursachen ausgelöst zu werden.
    Notes: Summary 62 patients (14 boys, 48 girls) representing 85 refluxive renal units (Grade 2–4) were investigated after successful operation for the development of further urinary tract infections (UTI) and renal scars (RS). The mean follow-up was 9.3 years. With the exception of one boy, none of the male patients developed any UTI or new RS. A similar result was obtained for about 45% of the girls. These two groups of patients presented with high-grade reflux before surgery. The remaining female patients (about 55%), however, presenting with lower-grade reflux before surgical treatment, developed further UTI as well as new RS despite surgical correction of their reflux. Investigations on the capacity of uroepithelial cells (UEC) to suppress bacterial growth revealed a deficient antibacterial effect of UEC in these patients. Such an UEC defect has also been shown in patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria. In conclusion, different reasons seem to be responsible for recurrent UTI and the development of RS in patients with reflux.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01738146
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathogenic factors in recurrent urinary tract infections and renal scar formation in children (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 145 (1986), S. 330-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: UTI ; Renal scars ; Virulence factors ; Host factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439233
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of lymphocyte surface antigens in healthy neonates (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 153 (1994), S. 257-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Lymphocyte phenotyping ; Neonatal lymphocytes Flow cytometry ; Normal values
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using flow cytometric analysis we investigated the distribution of major lymphocyte surface antigens in newborn infants. A total of 221 newborns entered the study, of whom 53 fullfilled our criteria of healthy mature neonates. Percentages of immunofluorescent-positive cells were as follows (median and range from 25th to 75th percentiles given): for CD1 3.8%; 2.3%–5.8%. CD2 60.9%; 52.4%–66.8%. CD3 57.5%; 50.5%–63.3%. TcRaß 57.7%; 48.1%–60.0%. CD4 36.3%; 28.0%–42.6%. CD8 23.0%; 20.0%–27.4%. CD11a 56.3%; 46.3%–68.5%. CD19 12.1%; 8.6%–14.8%. CD20 10.9%; 8.4%–12.9%. CD25 2.6%; 2.1%–4.5%. CDw52 61.0%; 51.2%–76.1%. CD71 5.2%; 3.1%–9.3%. While the ranges for the percentage of immunofluorescent-positive cells were rather small, there was a wide variation in the absolute numbers of marker immunofluorescent-positive cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01954514
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the antibacterial effect of uroepithelial cells from healthy donors and children with asymptomatic bacteriuria (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 144 (1985), S. 230-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Bladder defence mechanism ; Uroepithelial cell ; Bacterial adherence ; Pili ; Asymptomatic bacteriuria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Bacterial attachment to uroepithelial cells (UEC) and the effect of UEC on bacterial growth was investigated in 15 healthy persons and 12 patients suffering from asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI). Desquamated UEC and mannose-resistant Escherichia coli were co-cultivated for up to 90 min. While no difference in bacterial adherence was observed between healthy controls and patients, 33.4% of the bacteria attached to normal UEC were found to be dead under microscopic evaluation (acridine orange staining), whereas no killing effect could be observed in patients' UEC 5 min after the onset of incubation. This phenomenon was confirmed by investigating the E. coli growth rate in the presence of UEC, measured by counting bacterial colony forming units (CFU) on agar plates. While E. coli showed exponential growth in RPMI medium, the addition of normal UEC suppressed bacterial growth (P〈0.01). UEC from patients with ABU, however, did not show this effect. It has been concluded that bacterial adhesion may initiate an epithelial defence function, present in healthy controls and lacking in ABU patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00451947
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibacterial capacity of buccal epithelial cells from healthy donors and children with recurrent urinary tract infections (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 147 (1988), S. 229-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Urinary tract infection ; Bladder defence mechanism ; Uroepithelial cells ; Buccal epithelial cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of buccal epithelial cells (BEC) on bacterial growth was investigated in healthy subjects as well as in patients with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) and compared to the antibacterial capacity of uroepithelial cells (UEC) of the same individuals. Epithelial cells were obtained from the following groups: healthy female controls; females without further UTI after reflux operation; females with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU); females with further UTI despite successful reflux operation; and patients with meningomyelocele (MMC) and recurrent UTI due to significant residual urinary volume. Cocultivation of Escherichia coli with BEC as well as UEC from healthy females or patients with MMC resulted in significant suppression of bacterial growth. However, neither type of epithelial cell showed an antibacterial effect when they were obtained from patients with recurrent UTI in the absence of urological abnormalities (ABU patients; reflux-corrected patients with further UTI). From these results it is concluded that a generalised epithelial defence defect is one important pathogeneic factor for recurrent idiopathic UTI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442684
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three cases of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection presenting as fulminant hepatitis (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 149 (1990), S. 555-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Neonate ; Hepatitis ; Herpes simplex ; Acyclovir
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report three cases of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection presenting as fulminant hepatitis. None of the patients had clear risk factors for HSV infection and they all died. Antiviral treatment for HSV is currently available but must be administered early in the course of the disease before irreversible liver tissue damage is present. Since the diagnosis may be difficult to establish, we wish to draw the attention of clinicians to the presentation of neonatal HSV infection and suggest that in such cases viral cultures, including culture of liver tissue, should be obtained early and antiviral treatment administered while awaiting the culture results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01957691
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of lymphocyte surface antigens in healthy neonates (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 153 (1994), S. 257-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words: Lymphocyte phenotyping – Neonatal lymphocytes – Flow cytometry – Normal values
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Using flow cytometric analysis we investigated the distribution of major lymphocyte surface antigens in newborn infants. A total of 221 newborns entered the study, of whom 53 fullfilled our criteria of healthy mature neonates. Percentages of immunofluorescent-positive cells were as follows (median and range from 25th to 75th percentiles given): for CD1 3.8%; 2.3% – 5.8%. CD2 60.9%; 52.4% – 66.8%. CD3 57.5%; 50.5% – 63.3%. TcRAβ 57.7%; 48.1% – 60.0%. CD4 36.3%; 28.0% – 42.6%. CD8 23.0%; 20.0% – 27.4%. CD11a 56.3%; 46.3% – 68.5%. CD19 12.1%; 8.6% – 14.8%. CD20 10.9%; 8.4% – 12.9%. CD25 2.6%; 2.1% – 4.5%. CDw 52 61.0%; 51.2% – 76.1%. CD71 5.2%; 3.1% – 9.3%. While the ranges for the percentage of immunofluorescent-positive cells were rather small, there was a wide variation in the absolute numbers of marker immunofluorescent-positive cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01954514
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrathymic Tolerance Induction: Determination of Tolerance to Class II Major Histocompatibility Complex Antigens in Maturing T Lymphocytes by a Bone Marrow-Derived Non-Lymphoid Thymus Cell (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 26 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two new experimental approaches were established to analyse the influence of the thymus on tolerance induction to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens: The aim of the first experiment was to perform successful transplantation of adult allogeneic thymus tissue into nude mice, an attempt that has been unsuccessful in the past. Tolerance for the MHC genotype of a prospective thymus graft recipient (A) was induced in mice of strain B by injection of (AxB) splenocytes during the neonatal period. Adult thymic tissue obtained from these allogeneic donors (B) were grafted into the nude mice of strain A. The allogeneic thymus was accepted by the nude mice and immunoreconstitution was achieved. Subsequently the recipients developed tolerance to the MHC antigens of the allogeneic thymus donor as proved by mixed lymphocyte cultures and the acceptance of skin grafts. The second experiment was designed to determine which la-positive thymic compartment participates in confering tolerance to MHC antigens in maturing T lymphocytes. Chimaeric thymus grafts were created by transplantation of neonatal thymus (A) into allogeneic nude mice (B) for a period of 8 weeks. The graft was populated with host bone marrow-derived la antigen-positive cells. The chimaeric thymuses consisting of type A epithelium but populated with both type A and B lymphocytes and non-lymphoid cells (i.e. la-positive maerophages and dendritic cells), were newly transplanted into nude mice of strain A. The engraftment led to immunological reconstitution and the nude mice acquired tolerance to the MHC antigens expressed by the allogeneic ta-positive cells populating the chimaeric graft. Irradiation ofthe chimacric thymus prior to transplantation allowed transplantation of chimaeric thymus devoid of living thymocytes but still populated with functionally intact la-positive non-lymphoid cells. Transplantation of irradiated chimaeric thymuses resulted in immunoreconstitution and induced exactly the same allotolerance pattern as described above. The results demonstrate that not thymus epithelial cells but a bone-marow-derived non-lymphoid thymus cell, most likely the la-antigen-positive thymic macrophage of dendritic cell, is responsible for the induction of tolerance to MHC antigens in developing T lymphocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1987.tb02294.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Engraftment of T-Depleted Major Histocompatibility Complex-Mismatched Bone Marrow in T-Deficient versus Natural Killer-Deficient Recipients (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 29 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: When bone marrow transplantation recipients undergo standard pre-transplant immunosuppressive therapy, engraftment failures are significantly more frequent with the use of T-depleted allogeneic donor bone marrow cells than with T cell-containing allogeneic donor bone marrow cells. The relative importance of T versus natural killer (NK) cells in the rejection process of T-depleted donor bone marrow cells remains debatable. Here, NK- and T-deficient mouse mutants were transplanted across the same major histocompatibility complex (MHC) differences with homozygous or heterozygous T-depleted bone marrow cells. Results show that under the experimental conditions described, residual host NK cells are almost exclusively responsible for the increased rejection rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1989.tb01166.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Interaction of Buccal Mucosal Epithelial Cells with E. coli Bacteria Enhances the Intraepithelial Calcium Flux and the Release of Prostaglandin E2 (PgE2) (1999)
    Springer
    International urogynecology journal 10 (1999), S. 308-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-3023
    Keywords: Key words: Bacterial adherence; Intraepithelial calcium flux; Mucosal host defense; PgE2 release
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Mucosal epithelial cells contribute significantly to host defense mechanisms. Uroepithelial cells (UEC) from healthy donors suppress bacterial growth in vitro. Bacterial adherence to UEC has been shown to be a prerequisite. Similar results have been shown for buccal epithelial cells (BEC). The host response triggered by the host–parasite interaction seems to involve signal transduction and intracellular activation of second messengers. In this study the intraepithelial calcium flux was analyzed in individual BEC after bacterial contact. BEC were derived from scrapes of the buccal mucosa and labelled with fluo-3 (a calcium indicator). Thereafter the cells were analyzed immediately with a FACscan flowcytometer. The intracellular events were evaluated before and after the addition of viable E. coli bacteria (strain 4389, K1O1H7, pili II pos.). For control, the influence of prostaglandins, histamine, PMA, LPS and opsonized avital E. coli on the epithelial calcium flux was investigated. Additionally, supernatants of BEC-E. coli cocultures were analyzed with respect to their PgE2 content. PgE2 concentrations in supernatants of BEC, cultured alone or together with E. coli, were measured by a commercial PgE2 ELISA kit. The addition of vital E. coli to BEC was promptly answered by a significant intracellular calcium flux. PgE2, histamine and PMA, but not PgF2α, PgE1, LPS and opsonized E. coli, increased intracellular calcium. BEC alone did not release PgE2. After coculture with E. coli increased levels of PgE2 were measured in the supernatants. PgE2 release was still enhanced by coactivation of the BEC with phorbolester (PMA). Our results confirm that calcium flux in mucosal epithelial cells is stimulated by the cell–bacteria contact. We suggest that the increased PgE2 release amplifies the stimulation of intraepithelial second messengers. The resulting cell activation may lead to the secretion of antimicrobial peptides, thereby contributing to the regulation of mucosal host resistance to bacterial infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001929970007
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