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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This work shows preliminary results on the study of FexMn0.6−xAl0.40 alloys. It includes measurements of the temperature dependence of the ac susceptibility, zero field cooled magnetization, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. From the results obtained, the occurrence of reentrant spin glass behavior from a spin glass phase to an antiferromagnetic one for 0.2≤x≤0.35 and from a spin glass phase to a ferromagnetic one for the x=0.55 sample is proposed. Also, a normal spin glass transition was detected in the Fe range corresponding to 0.35≤x≤0.5. These results allow us to construct a magnetic phase diagram for the alloy series. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 36 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: 1. The breakdown of oak (Quercus robur L.), chestnut (Castanea sativa Miller) and eucalypt (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) litter enclosed in 5-mm mesh bags was compared between first-order headwaters (two with native riparian forest and two with eucalypt plantations) and a third-order reach of Agüera stream. Weight loss and dynamics of phosphorus and nitrogen in litter were studied for a period of 155 days.2. Among the different sites, processing rates ranged from 0.0045 to 0.0080 day–1 for chestnut leaf litter, from 0.0036 to 0.0051 day–1 for oak, and from 0.0027 to 0.0158 day–1 for eucalypt.3. The availability of nutrients in water clearly influenced nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in litter. In headwater reaches, net immobilization was not observed and losses of phosphorus and nitrogen followed mass loss. However, there was an enrichment of litter at the low reach, where influence of human settlements—located upstream—could lead to a greater availability of phosphorus in water.4. The enhancement of litter decay by the exogenous nutrient supply depended on leaf quality, as only the processing rate of eucalypt increased at the nutrient-rich site.5. The processing rates differed little among headwaters, suggesting that riparian forest type, i.e. deciduous forest v eucalypt plantations, did not affect litter decay in the stream.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 25 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: HGCs were found in the head epidermis, yolk sac and pharynx epithelium of trout embryos. These cells usually appear in clusters, closely related positionally to neighbouring cells. The differentiation and specialization of HGCs seem to be mainly dependent on cell-cell interactions, which provides, in part, the positional information necessary for the cells to differentiate and localize in the appropriate place. The final secretory process is the result of a sequence of events by which the maturation of enzymatic granules occurs. The electron-density of the granules varies according to the proximity of the secretory stage. Exocytosis of the secretory granules were observed. After secretion, each HGC undergoes cellular death by apoptosis (programmed cell death).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Escherichia coli ; Pathogenicity ; Shiga-like toxins ; Verotoxins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An epidemiological study was carried out to determine the incidence and the serotypes of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) that cause infections in Galicia (north-western Spain). Although, VTEC strains were isolated from 55 (14%) of the 387 calves sampled and the majority of bovine VTEC strains belonged to serotypes (026:H11 or H−, 091:H21, 0103:H2, 0105:H18, 0111:H−, 0113:H21, 0126:H−, 0128:H− and 0157:H7 or H−) previously associated with human haemorrhagic colitis (HC) and haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) in other countries, VTEC are not a common cause of human infections in Spain. Thus, VTEC (026:H11 and 086:H10) were isolated from only 3 (0.6%) of the 482 children with diarrhoea investigated. We examined the 69 (3 humans and 66 bovines) VTEC strains that were initially isolated as E. coli producing a toxin cytotoxic to Vero and HeLa cells by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers for VT1, VT2 and eae genes. PCR showed that 38 (55%) of VTEC strains carried VT1 genes, 18 (26%) possessed VT2 genes, and 10 (14%) carried both VT1 and VT2 genes. Three (one human and two bovine) strains which were formerly VTEC had lost the ability to produce verotoxins upon subculture and became negative for VT 1 and VT2 by PCR. In total 35 (51%) of 69 VTEC strains, including the two human VT1+ strains of serotype 026:H11, were positive for eae sequences when tested by PCR. Presence of the eae gene was significantly more frequent (100%; 21/21) among VTEC strains with serotypes (026:H11, 0111:H−, 0157:H−and 0157:H7) considered as enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) than among VTEC strains with non-EHEC serotypes (29%; 14/48) (p 〈 0.001). Results obtained in this study indicate that cattle may be an important source of VTEC involved in human disease. However, severe clinical syndromes caused by VTEC, such as HC and HUS, are uncommon in Spain, in comparison with North America and the UK. In any case, VTEC disease can appear on the scene very suddenly, as occurred in the UK and North America in the 1980s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Micellar vs. reversed phase separation ; Thiram in river water ; Dithiocarbamate fungicides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary After a comparative study of conventional reversed phase and micellar liquid chromatography a method is described for the determination of the fungicide thiram in river water based on the use of micelles of CTAB. The method involves the extraction/concentration of thiram with a C18 cartridge followed by separation on a C18 reversed-phase column with a mobile phase of 20% (v/v) acetonitrile/0.01 M CTAB in phosphate buffer (pH-6.3), and detection at 254 nm. The method allows the determination of thiram in the presence of other water-soluble dithiocarbamate fungicides (nabam, ziram and ferbam) with a limit of detection of 36 pg mL−1 for a typical 20-fold preconcentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 20 (1996), S. 32-34 
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé. Nous avons revu douze enfants atteints d’une discite lombaire. La moyenne d’âge au diagnostic était de 2.5 ans. Sept d’entre eux étaient des filles et le suivi a varié entre 2 et 10 ans (moyenne de 5 ans). Les signes cliniques que nous avons retrouvés était irritabilité, douleur abdominale, et à la hanche et refus de la marche ou de la position assise. La vitesse de sédimentation était augmentée dans tous les cas, deux exceptés. Nous avons trouvé un pincement du disque intervertébral dans sept cas. La fixation isotopique a été toujours positive. On a pratiqué une aspiration discale par aiguille dans cinq cas et dans deux d’entre eux un staphilocoque aureus a été isolé. L’hemoculture a été positive dans un cas. L’etude avec IRM a aidé au diagnostique dans trois cas. Le traitement réalisé a été repos au lit, immobilisation du rachis et traitement antibiotique dans neuf cas. L’évolution naturelle de cette maladie a été bénigne dans tous les cas.
    Notes: Summary. Twelve children with lumbar discitis were reviewed. The average age at diagnosis was 2.5 years. Seven were girls, and the follow-up varied between 2 and 10 years (average 5 years). The clinical signs were general irritability, abdominal or hip pain and refusal to walk or to sit. The erythrosedimentation rate was elevated in all but two. Radiographic narrowing of the disc space was seen in seven patients. Needle disc aspiration was done in five cases with two being positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Blood culture was positive in one case. Magnetic resonance imaging helped to diagnose the condition in three. Treatment consisted of bed rest and immobilisation of the spine; intravenous antibiotics were given to nine children. The natural course of the disease was benign in all our twelve cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Three cases are reported of reuse of a transplanted liver graft after early death of the first recipient due to cerebral hemorrhage. The good condition of the donors; the excellent biochemical evolution of the graft in the first recipients; total ABO compatibility and donor-recipient crossmatch; the absence of positivity to hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and bacteriologic cultures; and early death made reuse possible. The shortage of donors in relation to patients on the waiting list and the poor clinical condition of the second recipients made it necessary to adopt the decision to reuse the graft in an attempt to save their lives. The evolution of the patients and the reused grafts was satisfactory, and there were no complications that could be attributed to the fact that the graft had been transplanted before.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 26 (1996), S. 297-304 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Electrochemical studies on low catalyst loading gas diffusion electrodes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells are reported. The best performance is obtained with an electrode formed from 20 wt% Pt/C, 0.4 mg Pt cm−2 and 1.1 mg Nafion® cm−2 in the catalyst layer and 15% PTFE in a diffusion layer of 50 µm thickness, for both the cathode and the anode. However, it is also observed that the platinum requirement can be diminished to values close to 0.2 mg Pt cm−2 in the cathode and 0.1 mg pt cm−2 in the anode, without appreciably affecting the good characteristics of the fuel cell response. The experimental fuel cell data were analysed using theoretical models of the electrode structure and of the fuel cell system. It is seen that most of the electrode systems present limiting currents and some also show linear diffusion components arising from diffusion limitations in the gas channels and/or in the thin film of electrolyte covering the catalyst particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-7195
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Resumé Objectif: Déterminer si l'administration d'agonistes de la gonadolibérine (GnRH) provoque des changements dans les paramètres biochimiques, hormonaux et endométriaux chez les femmes qui allaitent. Protocole et population: A partir de la sixième semaine après l'accouchement, des mères allaitant leur nourrisson ont commencé un traitement avec un agoniste de la gonadolibérine, recevant, par pulvérisation nasale, 300 μg et 600 μg par jour pendant 6 mois. Dans un troisième groupe, des nourrices qui portaient des DIU ont servi de témoins. Dix-huit analyses biochimiques ont été effectuées pour mesurer le sérum. Des échantillons sanguins ont été prélevés 0, 3 et 6 mois après le traitement et des biopsies endométriales ont été obtenues à 0 et 6 mois. Aucune autre méthode de contraception n'a été employée. Résultats: On a observé les différences clinico-chimiques entre individus et entre groupes. Selon les niveaux hormonaux et l'analyse histopathologique, divers degrés d'activité folliculaire ont été constatés dans les groupes traités. Aucune grossesse n'est survenue. Conclusion: Le traitement par un agoniste de la gonadolibérine n'ayant eu aucun effet délétère significatif sur les paramètres étudiés, il pourrait représenter une solution possible et sans danger de contraception dès le post-partum.
    Abstract: Resumen Objetivo: Determinar si la administración de un agonista de la GnRH induce cambios en parámetros bioquímicos, hormonales y de endometrio en mujeres que amamantan. Diseño y pacientes: Comenzando a las 6 semanas de posparto, las madres que amamantaban exclusivamente iniciaron el tratamiento con un agonista de la GnRH, recibiendo 300 μg y 600 μg diarios mediante pulverización nasal durante 6 meses. Un tercer grupo do mujeres que amamantaban y eran usuarias de DIU sirvieron de control. Se cuantificaron dieciocho análisis bioquímicos en suero. Se tomaron muestras de sangre a los 0, 3 y 6 meses de tratamiento y se hicieron biopsias de endometrio a los 0 y 6 meses. No se utilizó ningún otro método anticonceptivo. Resultados: Se observaron diferencias entre mujeres y entre grupos en la clínica química. Según los niveles hormonales y el análisis histopatológico, se determinaron diversos grados de actividad folicular en los grupos tratados. No hubo embarazos. Conclusión: Dado que el tratamiento con un agonista de la GnRH no ejerció ningún efecto perjudicial significativo sobre los parámetros estudiados, este tratamiento podría representar un enfoque factible y seguro de la anticoncepción posparto.
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To determine whether GnRH agonist administration induces changes in biochemical, hormonal and endometrial parameters in breastfeeding women. Design and patients: Starting at 6 weeks postpartum, fully breastfeeding mothers began treatment with GnRH agonist, receiving 300 μg and 600 μg per day by nasal spray for 6 months. A third group of breastfeeding women who were users of IUDs served as controls. Eighteen biochemical analyses were quantified in serum. Blood samples were collected at 0, 3 and 6 months after treatment and endometrial biopsies were obtained at 0 and 6 months. No other method of contraception was employed. Results: Interindividual and intergroup differences were observed in clinical chemistry. According to the hormonal levels and the histopathologic analysis, various grades of follicular activity were found in the treated groups. No pregnancies occurred. Conclusion: Because GnRH agonist treatment had no significant deleterious effects on the parameters studied, this treatment could represent a feasible and safe approach to postpartum contraception.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Philippines ; Manila Bay ; coastal resources ; coastal zone management ; sea level rise ; AVVA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This study considers the Manila Bay coastal area of the Philippines for evaluation of possible consequences of accelerated sea level rise in the context of climate change, and suggests adaptive responses to such threats. The semi-enclosed Manila Bay is bounded by the provinces of Bataan, Pampanga, Bulacan, and Cavite, and some of the towns and cities of Metro Manila along the eastern side. This region is important to the commercial, industrial, agricultural, and aquacultural activities of the Philippines, with Manila as the seat of the national government and the rest among the political constituents of the National Capital Region. An increasing trend in the mean sea level has been observed since 1965 and continues today. The bay area is already subject to several hazards including floods and storm surges during tropical cyclones. The shoreline has changed greatly in the last 5 to 10 years due to reclamation for housing, ports, coastal roads, buildings, and other urbanized developments, adding to the threat of inundation. Selection of appropriate responses is looked at in terms of expected vulnerability, costs, land use, and other sociopolitical and legal considerations. Partial results show that parts of Cavite and Metro Manila Bay areas are especially vulnerable to accelerated sea level rise.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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