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  • 1995-1999  (38)
  • 1999  (27)
  • 1997  (11)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oblique collision of modified Korteweg–de Vries ion-acoustic solitons (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 3466-3470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Two-dimensional propagation and oblique collision of modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) ion-acoustic solitons in a plasma with negative ions have been investigated experimentally. At a critical concentration of negative ions, both compressive and rarefractive mKdV solitons exhibit a resonance interaction at a particular amplitude when the colliding angle is fixed. The amplitude is found to be equal for both compressive and rarefractive solitons. The collided solitons suffer a positive phase shift during the interaction. The new solitons formed during the resonant interaction are found to obey the energy and momentum conservation laws of the mKdV solitons for three-wave interaction. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873607
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Performance and operation of a beam chopping system for a cyclotron with multiturn extraction (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 1714-1719 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: A beam chopping system for a cyclotron is in operation at the JAERI cyclotron facility. A combination of a pulse voltage chopper in the injection line and a sinusoidal voltage chopper after the exit of the cyclotron is adopted to produce beam pulses spaced at 1 μs–1 ms intervals from natural cyclotron beams. The chopping system was designed according to a simple formulation of the chopping process in which the multiturn extraction was taken into account. Performance of the chopping system was experimentally proved to satisfy requirements of the design. In actual operation to produce beam pulses at long intervals, however, the number of the multiturn extraction is usually larger than the assumed value in the design because of a large phase acceptance of the cyclotron. Careful tuning of the acceleration phase width or the base magnetic field of the cyclotron is necessary to reduce it. It is essential to strictly define the acceleration phase of injected beams in the central region of the cyclotron to improve this situation. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147980
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of cathepsin D and B in invasion and metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 137 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: To determine the involvement of proteinases with hydrolytic activity towards extracellular matrix and basement membrane, in invasion and metastasis of tumour cells, the expression of cathepsin D, an aspartic proteinase, and cathepsin B, a cysteine proteinase, was studied. Formalin-fixed paraffinembedded specimens from 13 patients who had squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) with local recurrence, skin and/or lymph node metastasis were examined. Cathepsin D stained intensely as a granular pattern (mature enzyme) in tumour cells of 69% of primary lesions and all the secondary lesions of the patients with SCC. Cathepsin B stained more intensely in SCC cells of all of the primary and secondary lesions than in normal epidermis: staining patterns were almost diffuse (procathepsin B). Granular and diffuse patterns (mature enzyme of cathepsin D and procathepsin B, respectively) appeared in the outer and inner parts of tumour islands, respectively. The presence of the active mature form of cathepsin D and procathepsin B in metastatic skin lesions of SCC was confirmed by Western blotting analysis. The presence and localization of the active mature form of cathepsin D suggests that activated cathepsin D may be involved in the invasion and metastasis of SCC.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.18501943.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrahigh vacuum atomic force microscope study of 10–30 nm scale GaAs ridge structure formation by molecular beam epitaxy (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 883-885 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The evolution of GaAs ridge structure formation by molecular beam epitaxy on a patterned substrate has been investigated using an ultrahigh vacuum atomic force microscope. It is found that the morphology of ridges can be quite irregular with random formation of various facets in the intermediate phase of growth, but self-smoothing processes of the lateral facets take place later on, leading to very sharp and smooth ridge structures in the end. The ridge top is quite sharp and straight with the height fluctuation of within 1–2 nm over the length of 1.4 μm. The role of the Ga atom flows from the side (111)B surfaces to the top (001) surface and their local modulations are considered to account for these observations. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118303
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Resonant tunneling of electrons via 20 nm scale InAs quantum dot and magnetotunneling spectroscopy of its electronic states (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 105-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The resonant tunneling of electrons through a 20 nm scale InAs quantum dot bound by a pair of very thin AlAs barriers is studied. A well-resolved composite peak resulting from the ground 1s states was observed at 4.2 K in current–voltage characteristics. By investigating the effects of inplane magnetic fields, the shape of the wave function and the spatial extent of the first two electronic states are clarified. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119276
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A dusty double plasma device (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 2345-2348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: A novel dusty plasma device to create spatially and temporally uniform steady state dusty plasma is described. An ultrasonic vibrator is used to vibrate a dust dispenser which disperses the dust uniformly through a fine mesh. A dusty plasma of large dimension with controllable dust density is produced. Measured dusty plasma parameters are compared with existing theories. Some experimental results related to propagation characteristics of dust-ion-acoustic waves in a dusty plasma column are presented. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149761
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Initial long-pulse plasma heating at reduced power with negative-ion-based neutral beam injector in large helical device (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 4260-4265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: We have achieved long-pulse plasma heating using a negative-ion-based neutral beam injector (NBI) in the large helical device (LHD), where the confinement magnetic field is generated by only external superconducting coils. In the initial long-pulse experiments at lower power than that in short-pulse experiments, 80 keV–1.1 MW NBI heating lasted for 10 s with a little increase in the plasma density at the pulse end. Almost steady-state plasma heating was achieved for 21 s with 66 keV–0.6 MW NB injection. Plasma relaxation oscillation phenomena at a period of 1–2 s were also observed for 20 s. Above 1 keV plasma was easily sustained with a long-pulse NBI heating in LHD, without the current drive nor the disruption in tokamaks. Negative ion source operation was stable and the cooling water temperature rise of beam accelerator grids was nearly saturated with a temperature rise below 10 °C. For a higher power injection, the pulse duration is determined by the beam blocking, where the reionization loss is exponentially increased together with an increase in outgas in the injection port. The port conditioning by a careful repetition of injection is effective to the extension of the injection duration and the plasma maintenance duration. The initial long-pulse NBI heating at the reduced power has demonstrated an ability of steady-state operation in superconducting LHD. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150063
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Metallic resistively coupled single-electron transistor (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 132-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We have fabricated and measured transport properties of resistively coupled single-electron transistors (R-SETs). In our version, a chromium thin-film resistive strip served as a gate and was connected directly to a mesoscopic island formed between two ultrasmall Al/AlOx/Al tunnel junctions. In current–voltage-gate voltage dependences of the R-SETs, a characteristic Coulomb blockade pattern was observed. Our simulations based on the orthodox theory of single-electron tunneling are in good qualitative agreement with the experimental data and indicate excessive electron temperature of the devices. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122973
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Aluminum single-electron nonvolatile floating gate memory cell (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 2038-2040 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We have developed an aluminum single-electron transistor device which was modified to incorporate an additional floating node in between the gate and the electrometer. At high gate voltages, Fowler–Nordheim type emission occurred between the gate and the floating node where the charges were stored. The emission events were evidenced by the oscillatory electrometer current which allowed estimation of the number of storage electrons. We demonstrated experimentally the nonvolatile memory function of this device and the results were justified by numeric simulations. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.119780
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Single-electron memory using carrier traps in a silicon nitride layer (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 3555-3557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A single-electron memory that utilizes carrier traps in a silicon nitride layer is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed device consists of an insulating three-layered memory node structure formed on a silicon substrate and a highly sensitive aluminum single-electron transistor that detects the written information. Successful memory operation is demonstrated with two types of write modes (slow/rapid) that depend on the state of the Si channel underneath. Carrier retention time is estimated to be around 45 min. Possibilities for both destructive and nondestructive readout are discussed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124159
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