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Digitale Medien

BEVERLY T. GALLOWAY: Visionary Administrator (1997)

Peterson Jr, Paul D. ; Campbell, C. Lee

Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews

Annual Review of Phytopathology 35 (1997), S. 29-43

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ISSN: 0066-4286

Quelle: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff

Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Biologie

Notizen: With a career that began at the University of Missouri in the early 1880s and culminated at the USDA in the 1930s, Beverly Galloway devoted his life to practical botany and agriculture. He became a driving force in the movement for "New Botany" during a period that stressed an experimental approach as well as new disciplines such as plant pathology. As administrator and scientist, he was arguably the single, most influential figure involved in the early growth and development of plant pathology and the plant sciences generally in the USDA. From assistant mycologist in the Section of Mycology to Chief of the Bureau of Plant Industry to Assistant Secretary of the USDA, Galloway displayed exceptional administrative acumen. His administrative and scientific skills were instrumental in laying the foundations for the science of plant pathology during its formative period in the United States.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.35.1.29

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Digitale Medien

Interleukin-18 levels in induced sputum are reduced in asthmatic and normal smokers (2004)

McKay, A. ; Komai-Koma, M. ; MacLeod, K. J. ; [weitere]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2222

Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Thema: Medizin

Notizen: Background IL-18 is a cytokine which is known to have an important role in the development of a Th1 lymphocyte response. As such, it may have a regulatory role in asthma by modifying Th2 lymphocyte responses. Cigarette smoking may amplify the airway inflammation associated with asthma.Objective This study investigated if IL-18 could be detected in induced sputum from asthmatics and normal subjects and if smoking altered IL-18 levels.Methods Induced sputum was obtained from asthmatic (31 smokers, 35 non-smokers) and normal (20 smokers, 20 non-smokers) subjects. All smokers had a smoking history of 〈inlineGraphic alt="geqslant R: gt-or-equal, slanted" extraInfo="nonStandardEntity" href="urn:x-wiley:09547894:CEA1973:ges" location="ges.gif"/〉15 pack years. IL-18 levels in sputum supernatant were measured by ELISA. IL-18 mRNA expression and cellular localization were assessed by quantitative PCR and immunocytochemistry, respectively.Results Smoking was associated with a significant reduction in IL-18 levels (median (interquartile range) – smokers 20 (0–102) pg/mL vs. non-smokers 358 (50–876) pg/mL, P〈0.001). This was more pronounced in asthmatics (smokers, 47 (40–64) pg/mL vs. non-smokers, 530 (30–1484) pg/mL; P〈0.001) than in normal subjects (smokers, 25 (0–78) pg/mL vs. non-smokers, 247 (50–656) pg/mL; P〈0.01). Within each of the smoking and non-smoking groups there was no significant difference in IL-18 levels between asthmatic and normal subjects. There was no correlation between sputum IL-18 levels and any specific cell type in the sputum samples nor serum IgE levels. IL-18 mRNA expression was reduced in asthmatic smokers compared with non-smokers. IL-18 production was localized to sputum macrophages by immunocytochemistry.Conclusions IL-18 is detectable in induced sputum samples from both asthmatic and normal subjects. Cigarette smoking significantly reduces sputum IL-18 levels. This effect is more pronounced in asthmatics than in normal subjects.