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  • 1995-1999  (5)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1997  (5)
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  • 1995-1999  (5)
  • 1980-1984
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 156 (1997), S. 864-869 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Carnitine ; Child ; Head injury ; Heart defects ; Sepsis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to characterize the role of carnitine during metabolic stress, we prospectively determined carnitine profiles in plasma and urine on admission, days 2, 5, 10 and 15, among 28 critically ill children free of any known conditions associated with secondary carnitine deficiency. More than 25% of plasma and 50% of urinary carnitine measurements were abnormal; 96% (27/28) of patients displayed on at least one occasion an abnormal [〈−2 SD or 〉+2 SD] carnitine value in plasma. Three children had extremely low [〈10 μmol/l] free carnitine (FC) levels in plasma. Plasma esterified and FC levels on admission were not related to the risk of mortality [PRISM score], to muscle lysis [CK values], and to the caloric intake. Levels of FC and esterified carnitine in plasma were unrelated to those measured in urine. Conclusion Abnormal plasma and urine carnitine measurements are frequently found in critically ill children; the biological significance of these perturbations remains unclear. Caution must be exercised before concluding that an abnormal carnitine value is indicative of an underlying hereditary metabolic disorder in this population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: In most cell types the major pathway of sphingomyelin synthesis is the direct transfer of the phosphocholine head group from phosphatidylcholine to ceramide catalyzed by the enzyme l-acylsphingosine:phosphatidylcholine phosphocholinetransferase (SM synthase; EC 2.7.8.-). Although this pathway has been demonstrated in brain tissue, its quantitative importance has been questioned. An alternative biosynthetic pathway for sphingomyelin synthesis in brain tissue has been proposed, viz., the direct transfer of phosphoethanolamine from phosphatidylethanolamine to ceramide, followed by methylation of the ethanolamine moiety to a choline group. We have evaluated various possible biosynthetic pathways of sphingomyelin synthesis in rat spinal cord oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cells of the CNS, by labeling cells in culture with radiolabeled choline, ethanolamine, or serine. Our results indicate that, in oligodendrocytes, most of the phosphocholine for the biosynthesis of sphingomyelin is provided by phosphatidylcholine, which is predominantly derived from de novo synthesis. No evidence was found for the operation of the alternative pathway via ceramide-phosphoethanolamine. Furthermore, our results indicate that a small pool of phosphatidylcholine is provided by methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine, which in turn is formed preferentially by decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The current approach to screening for hepatitis C and non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis in French blood transfusion centers involves a combination of a transaminase assay and tests for antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV). A decision-analysis model was used to assess the cost-effectiveness ratio of this approach compared to the former approach, which included only transaminase and anti-HBc screening. Cost data were collected by a questionnaire sent to 26 centers throughout France. The average costs of diagnostic kits, equipment, staff, and administration were calculated. Estimates of prevalence and sensitivity values came from the medical literature. The cost-effectiveness ratio was expressed in French francs per infected donor detected. A sensitivity analysis of the variables in the model was performed to estimate the validity of the cost-effectiveness ratio. For 100,000 donations the incremental cost of the current approach reached FrF 2,566,111 (about US $ 500,000), with a marginal effectiveness of 180 donations detected. The sensitivity analysis showed the effect of prevalence on the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Transfusion centers may change their screening approach in areas of high or low prevalence of hepatitis C in France.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 32 (1997), S. 80 -93 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A pesticide store near Hargeisa (Somaliland) was damaged by bombing in May 1988, and subsequently looted by local people, who removed and drained drums of chemicals. Assessment of the effects of resultant spillage during the dry season, March/April 1993, established that pesticides, mainly organochlorines (dieldrin and products and BHC isomers) and organophosphates (fenitrothion and malathion) had contaminated 3700 sq m of soil at up to 3728.0 (geometric mean 149.0) ppm (5180.0 g/m3) total insecticides. Reptiles avoided contamination above 1 ppm, and were absent above 10 ppm. Experimental contact with highly contaminated soil caused death in lizards—Hemidactylus parkeri and Mabuya s. striata—after 26.5 and 33.5 h, respectively (residue levels elevated over 2000-and 149-fold), and 100% mortality within 65 min in frogs Tomopterna cryptotis (geometric mean residue level elevated 168-fold). Sediment 350 m downstream of the spill contained dieldrin at 0.50 ppm (0.03–0.05 ppm after 1.6, to 9.0, km). Whole body residues of spillage vicinity lizards were up to 1.52 ppm wet weight (193.6 ppm lipid) total insecticides. Geometric mean of 0.36 ppm was elevated fivefold above mean background level of Hargeisa lizards in the valley below. Dieldrin and products was highest; the level of BHC isomers was also significantly higher than DDT. Geometric mean total insecticide level in Chalcides ragazzii and H. parkeri was four times higher than in surface-dwelling Pseuderemias smithi. Reptile species richness was habitat-influenced. Frogs without abnormalities present in mud of river-bed wells indicated uncontaminated ground water (organochlorine residues undetected). Low levels in frogs, and of M. s. striata in the vicinity of wells [geometric means 0.09 and 0.07 (ranges 0–0.48 and 0.01–0.31) ppm, respectively], implied that by 2.7 km downstream of the spill few residues were entering food chains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 128 (1997), S. 585-592 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Fluorescence ; Hydrodynamic ; Micelle ; Surfactant ; Viscosity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Verbindung N,N-Dimethyl-N-2-(4-(t-butylphenoxy)ethoxy)ethyl-N-hexadecylammoniumchlorid (BDHC), eine oberflächenaktive Substanz mit zwei unterschiedlichen Seitenketten, wurde mittels einer Kombination von fluorimetrischen und viskosimetrischen Methoden charakterisiert. Anregung bei 274 nm ruft eine Fluoreszenz bei 315 nm hervor; diese Eigenschaft wurde zur Bestimmung der kritischen Micellenkonzentration (CMC) herangezogen. Es wurde ein geringfügig temperaturabhängiger Wert von 3.98×10−5 M gefunden (T min=25.35°C). Quenchexperimente mit 4-Nitroanilin ergaben eine Aggregationszahl von 42.0, viskosimetrische Untersuchungen einen hydrodynamischen Radius von 21.91 Å. Die erhaltenen Daten erlauben zusammen mit den Beziehungen nachTanford undEinstein-Stokes die Bestimmung der Micellenstruktur (sphärisch) und des Diffusionskoeffizienten (0.97×10−6 cm2/s). Das ΔG der Micellenbildung fürBDHC beträgt −34.9 kJ/mol.
    Notes: Summary A combination of fluorimetric and viscosimetric methods was used to characterize N,N-dimethyl-N-2-(4-(t-butylphenoxy)ethoxy)ethyl-N-hexadecylammonium chloride (BDHC), a doubletailed surfactant with dissimilar tail groups.BDHC was observed to fluoresce at 315 nm when excited at 274 nm, a feature which could be utilized to determine its critical micelle concentration (CMC). A value of 3.98×10−5 M was obtained and was observed to be slightly temperature dependent with aT min of 25.35°C. Fluorescence quenching experiments using 4-nitroaniline as a quencher were performed in order to determine the aggregation number which was found to be 42.0. The hydrodynamic radius of 21.91 Å was obtained using data from viscosimetric experiments. These data, together with theTanford andEinstein-Stokes relationships, were used to determine the micellar structure (spherical) and the diffusion coefficient (D=0.97×10−6 cm2/s), respectively. The ΔG of micellization forBDHC was determined to be −34.9 kJ/mol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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