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  • 1995-1999  (18)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1997  (18)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of GaAs and AlGaAs homojunction avalanche photodiodes with thin multiplication regions (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 3883-3885 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The gain and noise of thin GaAs and Al0.2Ga0.8As homojunction avalanche photodiodes were measured. The gain and the excess noise factor were found to be significantly lower than would be expected using ionization coefficients reported in the literature. The discrepancy is believed to be due to physical effects that become significant in thin multiplication layers. It is shown that the gain and excess noise under electron injection can be accurately fit using conventional models with width-dependent ionization coefficients. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120533
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-speed resonant-cavity separate absorption and multiplication avalanche photodiodes with 130 GHz gain-bandwidth product (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 161-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Previously it has been shown that resonant-cavity, separate absorption and multiplication (SAM) avalanche photodiodes (APDs) exhibit high peak external quantum efficiency (∼75%), low dark current, low bias voltage (〈15 V), and low multiplication noise (0.2〈k〈0.3). We describe the frequency response of resonant-cavity AlGaAs/GaAs/InGaAs SAM APDs. A unity-gain bandwidth of 23 GHz and a high gain-bandwidth product of 130 GHz have been achieved. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118341
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Very low dark current metal–semiconductor–metal ultraviolet photodetectors fabricated on single-crystal GaN epitaxial layers (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 1992-1994 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report a very low dark current (∼57 pA at 10 V reverse bias) metal–semiconductor–metal photodetectors fabricated on GaN epitaxial layers grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The photodetectors exhibit the typical sharp band-edge cutoff, with good responsivity. There is indication of a photoconductive gain mechanism. We also performed a Medici simulation to establish an effective area for current density calculations. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.118777
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Practice to avoid contamination of drainflow and runoff from slurry spreading in spring (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 13 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Use of either three or six occasions to spread similar total amounts of slurry was investigated over the late winter/early spring period in two years, on plots with underdrainage. Slurry was spread on four 7 m by 25 m plots which were instrumented to allow collection of drainflow and runoff. The ‘mobile water’ pore space allowed transport of a small proportion of applied slurry through the 0.75 m soil profile. Evidence of a polluted ‘mobile water’ pulse occurred after periods of up to 48 hours following spreading, suggesting subsurface rather than overland flow. Timing of the pulse depended on whether subsequent rainfall accelerated the flow The contaminated flow persisted for 6–12 hours. The worst contamination of 39 mg/l NH4+ -N occurred under ‘bypass flow’ conditions, when 52 mm of rain fell during the 48 hours after a 5.2 mm application. Two contributory factors appeared important. The first was the long duration of the high intensity storm and the second was an extended period of severe frost believed to have created fissures associated with frost heave. Making several applications of slurry in amounts less than 35 m3/ha is preferable to fewer larger applications during spring, for cereals on medium to heavy soils. This recognises the likelihood of there being underdrainage on arable land and the optimal use of well-drained, partially frozen ground to avoid compaction by slurry tankers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1997.tb00554.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat shock temperature acclimation of normal secretory protein synthesis in barley aleurone cells (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Exposure of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Himalaya) aleurone layers to 40°C for a period of 3 h results in the selective suppression of the synthesis and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes; other normal cellular protein synthesis continues during heat shock. This suppression is correlated with secretory protein mRNA destabilization and the dissociation of stacked ER lamellae during heat shock (Belanger et al. 1986, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 83, pp. 1354–1358). In this report we examined the effect of exposure to extended periods of heat shock. If exposure to 40°C was continued for a period of 18 h, the synthesis of α-amylase, the predominant secreted hydrolase, resumed. This was accompanied by increased α-amylase mRNA levels and the reformation of ER lamellae. Though initial exposure (3 h) to 40°C reduced protein secretion to ∼10% of that observed in aleurone cells maintained at 25°C, exposure for prolonged periods (16–20 h) permitted the resumption of protein secretion to ∼66% of non-heat-shocked control levels. The resumption of normal secretory protein synthesis during prolonged exposure to 40°C was correlated with an increase in the incorporation of [14C]glycerol into phosphatidylcholine and an increase in the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in lipids isolated from ER membrane preparations. Increased fatty acid saturation has been demonstrated to enhance thermostability in biological membranes, and such changes in membrane composition may be important to the recovery of secretory protein synthesis at the ER.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-33.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between school-level and classroom-level environments in secondary schools (1997)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Journal of educational administration 35 (1997), S. 74-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-8234
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Education
    Notes: Investigates relationships between school and classroom environment. Explains how in Australian secondary schools, instruments were developed and validated for assessing seven dimensions of school environment (empowerment, student support, affiliation, professional interest, mission consensus, resource adequacy and work pressure) and seven dimensions of classroom environment (student affiliation, interactions, co-operation, task orientation, order and organization, individualization and teacher control). The study involved a sample of 2,211 students in 104 year nine and year 12 religious education and science classes and 208 teachers of religious education and science in Catholic and government secondary schools. Indicates that weak relationship between school and classroom environments emerged, suggesting that the school environment cannot be assumed to transmit automatically to the classroom.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09578239710156999
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inoculation of Spheroidal Graphite Cast Iron (1997)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 4-5 (Oct. 1997), p. 277-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/40/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.4-5.277.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of Energy-Resolved Measurements to Laue Diffraction: Determination of Unit-Cell Parameters, Deconvolution of Harmonics and Assignment of Systematic Absences (1997)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 4 (1997), S. 214-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The use of energy-resolved area detection of Laue diffraction patterns for the determination of unit-cell parameters and systematic absences is demonstrated. Seven different crystals having previously known unit cells were re-examined using Laue diffraction methods. These crystals included four different crystal systems including cubic, orthorhombic, tetragonal and monoclinic cells. The crystals had cell sizes ranging from 179.4 to 4588.3 Å3. Comparison of known and re-determined cells showed good agreement (ratio of known to measured cells = 0.987 ± 0.18). A single procedure was suitable for all unit-cell determinations. The accuracy of the method is presently limited by the quality of the available energy measurements. Some of the crystals represent space groups containing systematic absences normally obscured by harmonic overlap when using the Laue method. These include absences due to 21 screw axes (h, k or 1 = 2n + 1) and cell centering (h + k = 2n + 1). All systematic absences were identified using a combination of multiple linear regression with either stepwise elimination or stepwise inclusion and an F test for assignment of systematic absence. The methods are discussed in detail and simulations are used to evaluate critical tolerances for future systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049597093291
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for the Involvement of Carbonic Anhydrase and Urease in Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Gravity-Sensing Organ of Aplysia californica (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 61 (1997), S. 247 -255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Calcium carbonate —Aplysia californica— Statoconia — Urease — Carbonic anhydrase.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. To better understand the mechanisms that could modulate the formation of otoconia, calcium carbonate granules in the inner ear of vertebrate species, we examined statoconia formation in the gravity-sensing organ, the statocyst, of the gastropod mollusk Aplysia californica using an in vitro organ culture model. We determined the type of calcium carbonate present in the statoconia and investigated the role of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and urease in regulating statocyst pH as well as the role of protein synthesis and urease in statoconia production and homeostasis in vitro. The type of mineral present in statoconia was found to be aragonitic calcium carbonate. When the CA inhibitor, acetazolamide (AZ), was added to cultures of statocysts, the pH initially (30 min) increased and then decreased. The urease inhibitor, acetohydroxamic acid (AHA), decreased statocyst pH. Simultaneous addition of AZ and AHA caused a decrease in pH. Inhibition of urease activity also reduced total statoconia number, but had no effect on statoconia volume. Inhibition of protein synthesis reduced statoconia production and increased statoconia volume. In a previous study, inhibition of CA was shown to decrease statoconia production. Taken together, these data show that urease and CA play a role in regulating statocyst pH and the formation and maintenance of statoconia. CA produces carbonate ion for calcium carbonate formation and urease neutralizes the acid formed due to CA action, by production of ammonia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900330
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sharp Estimates in Ruelle Theorems for Matrix Transfer Operators (1997)
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 185 (1997), S. 379-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract: A matrix coefficient transfer operator , on the space of -sections of an m-dimensional vector bundle over n-dimensional compact manifold is considered. The spectral radius of is estimated by\para; and the essential spectral radius by Here is the set of ergodic f-invariant measures, and for is the measure-theoretic entropy of f, is the largest Lyapunov exponent of the cocycle over f generated by , and is the smallest Lyapunov exponent of the differential of f.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002200050095
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