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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Instrumental Analysis Laboratory Using Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence (1998)
    Springer
    The chemical educator 3 (1998), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1430-4171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An undergraduate instrumental analysis laboratory exercise is presented for the characterization of light emission generated using electrochemiluminescence (ECL). ECL involves the electrochemical generation of excited states and as such is a sensitive probe of electrochemical, electron-transfer and energy-transfer processes at electrified interfaces. An objective of this experiment is to have students develop an understanding of the mechanisms and factors affecting ECL. Also, this exercise gives students experience in coupling two powerful analytical techniques: electrochemistry and spectroscopy. With the recent development of ECL technology for use in clinical diagnostics applications, this exercise also facilitates discussions on the importance of basic research and the practical aspects of taking a technology from the bench top to commercial reality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00897980256a
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Entwicklung großer Systeme mit generischen Methoden – Eine Übersicht über den Sonderforschungsbereich 501 (1998)
    Springer
    Informatik, Forschung und Entwicklung 13 (1998), S. 227-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0949-2925
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004500050115
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A surface active protein involved in aerial hyphae formation in the filamentous fungus Schizophillum commune restores the capacity of a bald mutant of the filamentous bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor to erect aerial structures (1998)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 30 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The filamentous bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor undergoes a complex process of morphological differentiation involving the formation of a dense lawn of aerial hyphae that grow away from the colony surface into the air to form an aerial mycelium. Bald mutants of S. coelicolor, which are blocked in aerial mycelium formation, regain the capacity to erect aerial structures when exposed to a small hydrophobic protein called SapB, whose synthesis is temporally and spatially correlated with morphological differentiation. We now report that SapB is a surfactant that is capable of reducing the surface tension of water from 72 mJ m−2 to 30 mJ m−2 at a concentration of 50 μg ml−1. We also report that SapB, like the surface-active peptide streptofactin produced by the species S. tendae, was capable of restoring the capacity of bald mutants of S. tendae to erect aerial structures. Strikingly, a member (SC3) of the hydrophobin family of fungal proteins involved in the erection of aerial hyphae in the filamentous fungus Schizophyllum commune was also capable of restoring the capacity of S. coelicolor and S. tendae bald mutants to erect aerial structures. SC3 is unrelated in structure to SapB and streptofactin but, like the streptomycetes proteins, the fungal protein is a surface active agent. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that aerial structures produced in response to both the bacterial or the fungal proteins were undifferentiated vegetative hyphae that had grown away from the colony surface but had not commenced the process of spore formation. We conclude that the production of SapB and streptofactin at the start of morphological differentiation contributes to the erection of aerial hyphae by decreasing the surface tension at the colony surface but that subsequent morphogenesis requires additional developmentally regulated events under the control of bald genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.01093.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adenosine A2A receptors inhibit the conductance of NMDA receptor channels in rat neostriatal neurons (1998)
    Springer
    Amino acids 14 (1998), S. 33-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Rat striatum ; Medium spiny neuron ; Adenosine AZA receptor ; NMDA receptor channel ; Whole-cell patch clamp
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Whole-cell patch clamp experiments were carried out in rat striatal brain slices. In a subset of striatal neurons (70–80%), NMDA-induced inward currents were inhibited by the adenosine AZA receptor selective agonist CGS 21680. The non-selective adenosine receptor antagonist 8-(p-sulphophenyl)-theophylline and the AZA receptor selective antagonist 8-(3chlorostyryl) caffeine abolished the inhibitory action of CGS 21680. Intracellular GDP-β-S, which is known to prevent G protein-mediated reactions, also eliminated the effect of CGS 21680. Extracellular dibutyryl cAMP, a membrane permeable analogue of cAMP, and intracellular Sp-cAMPS, an activator of cAMP-dependent protein kinases (PKA), both abolished the CGS 21680-induced inhibition. By contrast, Rp-cAMPS and PKI 14–24 amide, two inhibitors of PKA had no effect. Intracellular U-73122 (a phospholipase C inhibitor) and heparin (an inositoltriphosphate antagonist) prevented the effect of CGS 21680. Finally, a more efficient buffering of intracellular Ca2+ by a substitution of EGTA (11 mM) by BAPTA (5.5 mM) acted like U-73122 or heparin. Hence, AZA receptors appear to negatively modulate NMDA receptor channel conductance via the phospholipase C/inositoltriphosphate/Ca2+ pathway rather than the adenylate cyclase/PKA pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01345239
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poisoning and severe ventilatory depression after oral ingestion of the industrially produced analgesic mixture tilidine with naloxone (Valoron N solution) (1998)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 24 (1998), S. 746-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050657
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rezidivierende hypoton-hyporesponsive Episoden nach DTa P-Hib-Impfung Kasuistik und Literaturübersicht (1998)
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 146 (1998), S. 972-975 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Hypoton-hyporesponsive Episode ; Impfung ; Unerwünschtes Ereignis ; Azelluläre Pertussisvakzine ; Key words Hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode ; Immunization ; Adverse event ; Acellular pertussis vaccine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Background: Hypotonic-hyporesponsive episodes are rare side effects which may occur in infants within a few hours after immunization with diphtheria-tetanus-toxoid (DT) or diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine. The patients appear in a shock-like condition, become pale, limp and unresponsive. This condition lasts for minutes to hours before the infants appear normal again. No sequelae have been reported. The etiology of this phenomenon is unknown. Case: A healthy 5 month old boy experienced a first hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode 3 hours after having received his second DTP(acellular)-Hib combined immunization along with a second dose of hepatitis B vaccine. One month later he received a third dose of the same DTPa-Hib vaccine and oral Polio and again a hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode occurred. The boy’s further development was normal, no sequelae have been observed. Discussion: The purpose of our report is to remind physicians of the rare possibility of a shock-like reaction after DT- or DTP immunization in infancy, which has also been observed in association with the use of the new acellular pertussis component vaccines – although less frequently than after conventional whole cell pertussis component vaccines. Furthermore, this is to our best knowledge the first report of a recurrent hypotonic-hyporesponsive episode and it suggests a predisposition for this reaction in our patient.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hintergrund: Hypoton-hyporesponsive Episoden treten als seltene Begleiterscheinung binnen weniger Stunden nach Diphtherie-Tetanus- (DT-) oder Diphtherie-Tetanus-Pertussis-Impfung (DPT-Impfungen) im Säuglingsalter auf. Sie sind durch einen schockartigen Zustand mit Blässe der Haut, reduziertem Muskeltonus und Apathie gekennzeichnet, der Minuten bis Stunden anhält, ehe eine plötzliche Normalisierung mit Restitutio ad integrum eintritt. Die Ursache ist ungeklärt. Fall: Ein unauffällig entwickelter männlicher Säugling zeigte im Alter von 5 Monaten nach der 2. DTPa-Hib-Kombinationsimpfung (mit azellulärer Pertussiskomponente) eine erste hypoton-hyporesponsive Episode. Bei der 3. DTPa-Hib-Immunisierung 1 Monat später kam es erneut zu einer hypoton-hyporesposiven Episode. Beide Episoden blieben ohne Folge, der Junge entwickelte sich weiterhin völlig normal. Diskussion: Unsere Mitteilung soll an die seltene Begleiterscheinung einer schockähnlichen Reaktion nach DT- bzw. DPT-Impfung im Säuglingsalter erinnern. Sie wird auch bei den neuen, sehr gut verträglichen azellulären Pertussisvakzinen beobachtet, wenn auch offenbar seltener als nach DPT-Impfung mit den herkömmlichen Ganzkeimvakzinen. Das hier erstmals berichtete wiederholte Auftreten einer solchen Reaktion läßt bei unserem Patienten an eine individuelle Disposition denken.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001120050354
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