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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-chip spectroscopic detection of terahertz radiation emitted from a quasiparticle-injected nonequilibrium superconductor using a high-Tc Josephson junction (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 2809-2811 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report a novel sensitive terahertz spectroscopy in which both the electromagnetic generator and the detector are fabricated on the same chip. The radiation emitted from a tunnel-injected nonequilibrium high temperature (high-Tc) YBa2Cu3O7−y superconductor is detected by a high-Tc bicrystal Josephson junction. The observed data are converted to the spectral data by means of inverse Hilbert transformation. The resultant emitted spectra exhibit a broad peak around 1 THz, extending up to 2.5 THz. The relation to the Josephson plasma emission is discussed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125157
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antigen retrieval of loricrin epitopes at desmosomal areas of cornified cell envelopes: an immunoelectron microscopic analysis (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Experimental dermatology 8 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Cell envelopes (CEs) are insoluble, chemically and mechanically tough structures formed during terminal differentiation of keratinocytes, providing skin with a protective barrier against the environment. They are 15 to 20 nm thick structures beneath the plasma membrane and continuous with desmosomal attachment plaques. Sequential deposition of several proteins including involucrin and loricrin leads to a gradual increase in envelope thickness and rigidity. Cross-linking of demosomal components to other CE-proteins has been demonstrated and desmosomes in the cornified cells have been demonstrated and desmosomes in the cornified cells have been regarded as a part of CEs. Our previous immunoelectron microscopy studies showed that desmosomal areas of granular cells were loricrin-positive, but those in cornified cells were negative. We asked whether this is due to epitope masking and applied trypsin digestion of the electron microscopy sections to retrieve the possibly masked epitopes. Since this treatment made desmosomal structures obscure, one side of the sections was stained with anti-desmoglein antibody as an indicator of desmosomes. Trypsin was applied on the other side followed by immunolabeling with anti-loricrin antibody. Trypsin digestion indeed unmasked the loricrin epitopes in the desmoglein-positive desmosomal areas of CEs. It seems therefore that loricrin is first accumulated at the desmosomes before the CE-assembly and cross-linking of loricrin occurs at the desmosomal areas of CEs as well as at the non-desmosomal areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.1999.tb00389.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Na2Ca3Ta2O9 with a simple stacking of oxygen triangular nets (1999)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 55 (1999), S. 1978-1980 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270199010513
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural mechanisms of bone loss in iliac biopsies: comparison between rheumatoid arthritis and postmenopausal osteoporosis (1999)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 18 (1999), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Key words Rheumatoid arthritis ; Osteoporosis ; Strut analysis ; Histomorphometry ; Ilium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To assess the mechanisms that cause generalized osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 40 postmenopausal women with RA (46–74 years) and 40 age-matched controls with osteopenia underwent iliac bone biopsies. A structural analysis of histomorphometry and two-dimensional strut analysis were performed As compared to those with primary osteoporosis, there were a few unique characteristics in those with RA. Trabecular thickness and wall thickness declined with age, and this decline was especially accelerated by glucocorticoids. Decreased connectivity of the trabecular (Nd.Nd) was more prominent than the disappearance of the nodes. The connectivity of cortical bone to the nodes (Ct.Nd) and cortical thickness significantly decreased with age. With glucocorticoid therapy, the disappearance of the nodes was accelerated. In the case of vertebral compression fractures, the parameters of Nd.Nd and Ct.Nd significantly decreased. Although a bone biopsy is needed to analyze strut, this method is useful to evaluate the quality or intensity of the bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002960050084
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Grip Strength on Metacarpal Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Japanese Women: A Cross-Sectional Study (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 64 (1999), S. 263-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Grip strength — bone mineral density — Postmenopausal — Japanese women — Lifestyle.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Most published studies on the role of muscle strength in the maintenance of bone mineral density (BMD) focused on the relationship between specific muscle groups and adjacent bones, mostly in young and premenopausal women. This study examined the influence of grip strength on BMD of the metacarpal index in postmenopausal Japanese women. Subjects included 1168 postmenopausal women aged 40–70 years. BMD measurement was done with computed X-ray densitometry (CXD) by analyzing X-ray films of the right second metacarpal index. Grip strength was measured in both the dominant and nondominant hands using a squeeze dynamometer. Grip strength (r = 0.2474; P= 0.0001) and age (r =−0.5443; P= 0.0001) significantly correlated positively and negatively, respectively, with BMD. Physical activity (r = 0.1318; P= 0.0001) also correlated positively with BMD. Breastfeeding (r =−0.1658; P= 0.0001), however, correlated negatively with BMD. Subjects with a history of regular physical activity had higher grip strengths and BMD, than those with no physical activity. Adjustment for age, physical activity, calcium intake, BMI, breastfeeding, testing site, and menopausal type indicated a significant (P for trend = 0.0013) positive association of grip strength with BMD. Subjects with stronger grip strengths had a decreased risk for low BMD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900615
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of CeO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 Nano-Particles (1999)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 315-317 (July 1999), p. 439-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/04/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.315-317.439.pdf
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment with Active Vitamin D Metabolites and Concurrent Treatments in the Prevention of Hip Fractures: A Retrospective Study (1999)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 9 (1999), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Alfacalcidol – Elcatonin – Fracture prevention – Hip fracture – Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of treatment with active vitamin D metabolites and other concurrent medication on the prevention of hip fractures in elderly women. We inspected the medical records of the entire female population over 65 years of age on Sado Island, and followed a total of 11377 women for a 3-year period. Of these, 1208 osteoporotic patients were treated with either 1,25-(OH)2D3 or 1α-(OH)D3. The 765 patients who received the minimum effective dosage for more than 6 months made up the ‘treatment group’. Nearly half these patients were also treated with either calcitonin or calcium. The 443 patients who received treatment with active vitamin D metabolites, but at a dosage or for a duration that did not meet the criteria for the treatment group, were deemed the ‘ineffective group’. The remaining 10169 women were the ‘non-treatment group’. Fractures in the non-treatment group occurred at a rate of 39.8 fractures/10000 person-years. The rate in the treatment group was 10.8, which was significantly lower (p= 0.039). Interestingly, the fracture rate after ceasing treatment was 52.1, which was significantly higher (p= 0.002) than the rate in patients receiving treatment. No statistical differences in the fracture rate were found between the ineffective, non-treatment and post-treatment groups. A reduction in the fracture rate was observed only in the treatment subgroup that did not also receive calcitonin (p= 0.042), and not in the subgroup that also received calcitonin therapy (p= 0.333). However, there was no statistical difference in the hip fracture rates between these two subgroups (p= 0.157) and the actual number of fractures was minimal (0 vs 2). Therefore, in this study, the advantage of treatment with active vitamin D alone over combined treatment with calcitonin seems to be marginal. In conclusion: (1) treatment with active vitamin D metabolites and with combined therapy may be marginally effective in preventing hip fractures, and (2) stopping the treatment clearly increases the risk of hip fractures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050131
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of an Intermittent Weekly Dose of Human Parathyroid Hormone (1-34) on Osteoporosis: A Randomized Double-Masked Prospective Study Using Three Dose Levels (1999)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 9 (1999), S. 296-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Bone markers – Human parathyroid hormone (1–34) – Lumbar bone mineral density – Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: To test the effect of amino-terminal peptide 1–34 of human parathyroid hormone (hPTH (1–34)) as a possible bone anabolic agent in the treatment of osteoporosis, weekly subcutaneous injection of 50 units (L group), 100 units (M group) or 200 units (H group) of hPTH (1–34) was started in 220 patients with osteoporosis at 71 institutions randomly divided into three groups in a double-masked system. Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) increased by 0.6%, 3.6% and 8.1% after 48 weeks in groups L, M and H respectively, responses in groups M and H being significantly higher than in L (p〈0.05, Mann–Whitney U-test). Since the coefficient of variation for lumbar spine measurement stayed at 1–2.5%, increases of 3.6% and 8.1% appeared significant. Metacarpal BMD and cortical thickness measured by radiogrammetry did not change significantly. Serum calcium decreased in each group and serum phosphorus decreased in groups M and H. Urinary calcium/creatinine decreased at the 12th week in group H and at the 24th and 48th weeks in groups M and L. Serum 25(OH) vitamin D and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D decreased in each group at the 48th week (p〈0.05). Serum bone-type alkaline phosphatase was increased at the fourth week in groups H and M and decreased at the 48th week in group H. Urinary hydroxyproline, pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline declined significantly in each group. Backache improved in 30–40% of each group. No serious adverse effects were found during the test period. Intermittent weekly injection of hPTH (1–34) increased lumbar BMD in osteoporosis, suggesting usefulness in the treatment of osteoporosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050151
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micro-XANES by EPMA spectrometer (1999)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 6 (1999), S. 356-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049598017270
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Niravoline (RU51599), a κ-Opioid Receptor Agonist, on Tumour-Origin Brain Oedema (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 141 (1999), S. 771-778 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Niravoline; arginine vasopressin inhibitor; tumour-origin brain oedema; C6 glioma.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  Niravoline is a selective κ-opioid receptor agonist. Its effect on tumour-origin brain oedema was investigated in a brain tumour model created by implantation of C6 glioma cells into the brains of Wistar rats. Five weeks after the tumour cell implantation, niravoline was administered iv at 1 mg/kg, a total of four times at one-hour intervals. In the control group (i.e., saline or vehicle-treated rats), this brain tumour model was found to result in a statistically significant increase in the water content in selected brain regions except for the frontal region, the tumour-containing region and the region surrounding the tumour-containing region. Administration of niravoline inhibited the increase in the water content in the brain regions remote from the tumour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010050374
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