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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlorambucil central nervous toxicity: a significant side effect of chlorambucil therapy in childhood nephrotic syndrome (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 144 (1985), S. 283-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Nephrotic syndrome ; Chlorambucil ; Central nervous toxicity ; Diffuse spike and wave complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Chlorambucil (CHL) was used in combination with prednisolone in the treatment of nine children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome. Serial electroencephalograms were obtained to evaluated CHL central nervous toxicity, before, during and after treatment with this agent. EEG abnormalities were observed in two of the nine children during chlorambucil therapy. EEG changes were diffuse spike and wave complexes and disappeared after discontinuation of therapy. There were no other neurological abnormalities and more particularly, no seizures or myocloni were observed. According to the literature, chlorambucil central nervous toxicity is found almost exclusively in childhood nephrotic syndrome. Strict neurological supervision of patients treated with chlorambucil is recomended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00451963
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone mineral density and bone histomorphometric assessments of postpregnancy osteoporosis: A report of five patients (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 54 (1994), S. 20-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Idiopathic osteoporosis ; Pregnancy ; Lactation ; Bone mineral density ; Bone histomorphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Reports of five young women who developed vertebral fractures associated with pregnancy and lactation are presented (Fig. 1). Ages ranged from 24 to 37 (mean 30) years. All five patients have osteoporosis with two to nine vertebral fractures at presentation postpartum. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by single-photon absorptiometry, quantitative computer tomography, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. BMD of the trabecular bone was less than normal values and it remained apparently low even several years after pregnancy. Histological findings of bone biopsy identified the bone loss with increasing bone resorption. Our present findings suggest that postpregnancy osteoporosis affects mainly the trabecular bone site, and the patients might have low peak bone mass and poor reversibility probably due to a low rate of remodeling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316284
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Morphometric Comparison of Trabecular Structure of Human Ilium Between Microcomputed Tomography and Conventional Histomorphometry (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 61 (1997), S. 493-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Recently, an imaging technique using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) has emerged as a method for nondestructively assessing the microarchitecture of unprocessed surgical bone biopsy specimens. Using micro-CT, two-dimensional (2D) axial images were obtained from undecalcified transiliac bone biopsies which were taken from 15 patients with various metabolic bone diseases. Total area, bone area, and bone perimeter were determined, from which the bone volume (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) were calculated semiautomatically and instantaneously. To evaluate the validity of this technique as a useful tool, the results were compared with those obtained from conventional histomorphometry. There were significant correlations between the two techniques for all parameters, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.759 (Tb.N, P 〈 0.005) to 0.949 (BV/TV, P 〈 0.0001). Different resolutions seem to lead to major differences in perimeter values measured by the two methods. These factors may explain why the correlation coefficients of Tb.N and Tb.Th estimated from the perimeter and area is lower than that of BV/TV. Our results show that the micro-CT based on 2D images is a useful tool for imaging and nondestructively quantifying the microarchitecture of trabecular bone in unprocessed surgical bone specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900373
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography of the Femoral Neck in 60 Japanese Women (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 65 (1999), S. 447-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Peripheral quantitative computed tomography — Femoral neck-bone mineral density — Geometry — Osteoporotic fracture.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) is able to evaluate trabecular and cortical bone separately, and to determine geometric properties from cross-sectional images for noninvasive assessments of mechanical strength. In order to assess the diagnostic value of pQCT of the femoral neck, 60 healthy women were examined with a new pQCT machine, XCT-3000 (Norland-Stratec, Germany), which is suitable for direct measurement of the hip. The region of interest chosen was the center of the femoral neck. pQCT of the distal radius and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) of the lumbar spine and femoral neck were also performed. The study demonstrated that total bone mineral density (BMD) (femoral MD) and trabecular BMD (femoral-TBD) decreased with advancing age. Percent cortical area showed a small but significant decrease with advancing age and % trabecular area increased slightly. Both the endosteal perimeter and the periosteal perimeter were relatively constant with aging. Bone strength index (BSI) and stress-strain index (SSI), which reflect the mechanical strength of bone, declined with advancing age, especially after menopause. Femoral TBD correlated strongly with femoral neck BMD by DXA and L2-L4 BMD by DXA but femoral-CBD did not correlate with femoral neck BMD by DXA. Volumetric BMD of the femoral neck and distal radius were closely correlated. It is concluded that (1) cortical thinning occurs with aging by endocortical resorption and loss of femoral-TBD; (2) loss of femoral-CBD occurred at a slower rate than radial CBD, perhaps due to the weight-bearing effect; (3) biomechanical parameters such as the BSI and SSI may reflect increasing fragility of the femoral neck in pre- and postmenopausal women; (4) pQCT of the femoral neck had diagnostic value at least equivalent to that of DXA or pQCT of the distal radius.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900731
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment with Active Vitamin D Metabolites and Concurrent Treatments in the Prevention of Hip Fractures: A Retrospective Study (1999)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 9 (1999), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Alfacalcidol – Elcatonin – Fracture prevention – Hip fracture – Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of treatment with active vitamin D metabolites and other concurrent medication on the prevention of hip fractures in elderly women. We inspected the medical records of the entire female population over 65 years of age on Sado Island, and followed a total of 11377 women for a 3-year period. Of these, 1208 osteoporotic patients were treated with either 1,25-(OH)2D3 or 1α-(OH)D3. The 765 patients who received the minimum effective dosage for more than 6 months made up the ‘treatment group’. Nearly half these patients were also treated with either calcitonin or calcium. The 443 patients who received treatment with active vitamin D metabolites, but at a dosage or for a duration that did not meet the criteria for the treatment group, were deemed the ‘ineffective group’. The remaining 10169 women were the ‘non-treatment group’. Fractures in the non-treatment group occurred at a rate of 39.8 fractures/10000 person-years. The rate in the treatment group was 10.8, which was significantly lower (p= 0.039). Interestingly, the fracture rate after ceasing treatment was 52.1, which was significantly higher (p= 0.002) than the rate in patients receiving treatment. No statistical differences in the fracture rate were found between the ineffective, non-treatment and post-treatment groups. A reduction in the fracture rate was observed only in the treatment subgroup that did not also receive calcitonin (p= 0.042), and not in the subgroup that also received calcitonin therapy (p= 0.333). However, there was no statistical difference in the hip fracture rates between these two subgroups (p= 0.157) and the actual number of fractures was minimal (0 vs 2). Therefore, in this study, the advantage of treatment with active vitamin D alone over combined treatment with calcitonin seems to be marginal. In conclusion: (1) treatment with active vitamin D metabolites and with combined therapy may be marginally effective in preventing hip fractures, and (2) stopping the treatment clearly increases the risk of hip fractures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050131
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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