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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron–anode interactions in particle-in-cell simulations of applied-B ion diodes (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 3369-3387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Particle-in-cell simulations of applied-B ion diodes using the QUICKSILVER code [D. B. Seidel et al., in Proceedings of the Europhysics Conference on Computational Physics, Amsterdam, 1990, edited by A. Tenner (World Scientific, Singapore, 1991), p. 475] have been augmented with Monte Carlo calculations of electron–anode interactions (reflection and energy deposition). Extraction diode simulations demonstrate a link between the instability evolution and increased electron loss and anode heating. Simulations of radial and extraction ion diodes show spatial nonuniformity in the predicted electron loss profile leading to hot spots on the anode that rapidly exceed the 350 °C–450 °C range, known to be sufficient for plasma formation on electron-bombarded surfaces. Thermal desorption calculations indicate complete desorption of contaminants with 15–20 kcal/mole binding energies in high-dose regions of the anode during the power pulse. Comparisons of parasitic ion emission simulations and experiment show agreement in some aspects, but also highlight the need for better ion source, plasma, and neutral gas models. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873576
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22 (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 402 (1999), S. 489-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Knowledge of the complete genomic DNA sequence of an organism allows a systematic approach to defining its genetic components. The genomic sequence provides access to the complete structures of all genes, including those without known function, their control elements, and, by inference, the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/990031
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of three genes expressed primarily during development in Physarum polycephalum (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 172 (1999), S. 364-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Slime moulds ; Physarum polycephalum ; Plasmodium development ; Differential gene expression ; Myosin ; Calcium-binding protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract During the life cycle of Physarum polycephalum, uninucleate amoebae develop into multinucleate syncytial plasmodia. These two cell types differ greatly in cellular organisation, behaviour and gene expression. Classical genetic analysis has identified the mating-type gene, matA, as the key gene controlling the initiation of plasmodium development, but nothing is known about the molecular events controlled by matA. In order to identify genes involved in regulating plasmodium formation, we constructed a subtracted cDNA library from cells undergoing development. Three genes that have their highest levels of expression during plasmodium development were identified: redA, redB (regulated in development) and mynD (myosin). Both redA and redB are single-copy genes and are not members of gene families. Although redA has no significant sequence similarities to known genes, redB has sequence similarity to invertebrate sarcoplasmic calcium-binding proteins. The mynD gene is closely related to type II myosin heavy-chain genes from many organisms and is one of a family of type II myosin genes in P. polycephalum. Our results indicate that many more red genes remain to be identified, some of which may play key roles in controlling plasmodium formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050773
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-temperature wear of cemented tungsten carbide tools while machining particleboard and fiberboard (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of wood science 45 (1999), S. 445-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1611-4663
    Keywords: Cemented tungsten carbide ; Machining ; Wear mechanism ; Particleboard ; Fiberboard
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Published research on the wear processes of cemented tungsten carbide tools used for machining reconstituted wood products was reviewed, and the current state of knowledge in this area was evaluated. Underlying assumptions and conclusions regarding high-temperature oxidation/corrosion wear during machining were examined in view of known reaction kinetics of cemented tungsten carbide alloys in oxidative and corrosive environments at temperatures that may occur at the cutting edge. This examination indicated that some wear mechanisms other than high-temperature oxidation/corrosion are likely to be rate-controlling when machining reconstituted wood products such as particleboard and fiberboard.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00538952
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    How Accurate Is the Family History Method for Assessing Siblings' Sexual Orientation? (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of sexual behavior 28 (1999), S. 129-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2800
    Keywords: SEXUAL ORIENTATION ; FAMILY HISTORY METHOD ; RELIABILITY ; SIBLINGS
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies investigating the familialnature of sexual orientation have often relied on thereports of siblings. They have generally obtainedextremely high accuracy rates for proband rating of the sexual orientation of siblings. However,participants in these studies have probably beenunusually open about their sexual orientation, and thusit is uncertain if more representative participantswould have as accurate knowledge about theirfamilies. An unselected sample of twins from theAustralian Twin Registry rated their own, theircotwins', and their siblings' sexual orientations. Weexamined accuracy of heterosexual and homosexual probands'assessments of their twins' sexual orientations, as wellas cotwins' agreement about other siblings'orientations. Concordance between twins' ratings oftheir cotwins' orientations with the cotwins' self-ratedorientations was considerably lower than that found inprevious studies, as was the level of agreement betweenmembers of a twin pair in the assessment of other siblings' sexual orientations. Marital historyas a proxy variable for determining the sexualorientation of older subjects did not support its usewith women, though its use for older men received some weak support.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018715821801
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Family History Study of Male Sexual Orientation Using Three Independent Samples (1999)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 29 (1999), S. 79-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Family history ; male sexual orientation ; X-linked gene ; male homosexuality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Available evidence suggests that male homosexuality is both familial and somewhat heritable and that some cases may be caused by an X-linked gene. However, most studies have recruited subjects in a relatively unsystematic manner, typically via advertisements, and hence suffer from the potential methodological flaw of ascertainment bias due to volunteer self-selection. In the present study we assessed the familiality of male homosexuality using two carefully ascertained samples and attempted to replicate findings consistent with X-linkage in three samples. The percentage of siblings of the probands rated as either homosexual or bisexual, with a high degree of certainty, ranged from 7 to 10% for brothers and 3 to 4% for sisters. These estimates are higher than recent comparable population-based estimates of homosexuality, supporting the importance of familial factors for male homosexuality. Estimates of λs for male homosexuality ranged from 3.0 to 4.0. None of the samples showed a significantly greater proportion of maternal than paternal homosexual uncles or homosexual male maternal first cousins. Although our results differed significantly with those of some prior studies, they do not exclude the possibility of moderate X-linkage for male sexual orientation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021652204405
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