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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic and crystallographic structure of Nd5Fe17 (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 5693-5695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Neutron diffraction has been used to refine the crystallographic and magnetic structure of Nd5Fe17. The results of Rietveld refinement yield improved precision for the Fe coordinates relative to the x-ray study. The magnetic moments are refined by assuming that all Fe atoms in comparable environments have the same moment or by grouping sites by average Fe–Fe bond length. Each model leads to five distinct moments, in which the magnitude of the moment is correlated with both the average Fe–Fe bond lengths and the near-neighbor distribution. The results of the refinement are in reasonable agreement with the analysis of the Mössbauer spectra. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370254
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the geometric structure of thermodynamics (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 40 (1999), S. 830-837 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we consider symmetry transformations of the generalized entropy function that preserve the Gibbs one-form (Gibbs relation). We show that this symmetry consideration naturally leads to the geometric structure of thermodynamics in terms of contact geometry. We also construct an example based on the van der Waals' fluid to illustrate the method discussed in the paper. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.532688
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fracture behavior of a nanocrystallized Zr65Cu15Al10Pd10 metallic glass (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 2131-2133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fracture surfaces of a nanocrystallized Zr65Cu15Al10Pd10 metallic glass were observed on an atomic scale with field ion microscopy. Based on geometrical and phase characteristics of the fracture morphologies, it can be determined that a crack propagates along the interfaces between nanocrystals and the amorphous matrix in the alloy with optimized microstructures. Combining with macromechanical properties, it is proposed that the strengthening effect of nanocrystals in the Zr-based metallic glass arises from a strong interaction between nanocrystals and local shear bands during deformation processes of the glassy matrix. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123779
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impurity oxygen redistribution in a nanocrystallized Zr65Cr15Al10Pd10 metallic glass (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 812-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report atom probe results on impurity oxygen dissolution in a Zr65Cu15Al10Pd10 metallic glass and its redistribution during nanocrystallization. Approximately 0.1 at. % impurity oxygen is detected from the as-melt-spun Zr65Cu15Al10Pd10 metallic glass. Oxygen redistribution occurs during annealing. In some crystallites, oxygen up to 4 at. % is detected, and virtually no oxygen is dissolved in the remaining amorphous phase. This result directly demonstrates that impurity oxygen promotes the crystallization by forming metastable phases containing high content oxygen and thereby influences the kinetics of crystallization. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123376
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quasicrystals in a partially devitrified Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu12.5Ag5 bulk metallic glass (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 1697-1699 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A quasicrystalline phase was discovered in a Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu12.5Ag5 bulk metallic glass annealed in the supercooled liquid range. Through systematical transmission electron microscopy rotation analyses, the selected area electron diffraction patterns are obtained corresponding to fivefold, threefold, and twofold rotational symmetry, demonstrating that the precipitated phase is an icosahedral quasicrystalline phase with good rotational symmetry. It is concluded that the addition of Ag in the Zr-based metallic glass promotes the formation of the quasicrystalline phase. The present experimental result implies that there is a natural relationship between the Zr-based bulk metallic glasses and icosahedral quasicrystalline. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124793
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiographic measurement of prevertebral soft tissue thickness on lateral radiographs of the neck (1999)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 28 (1999), S. 444-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Soft tissue thickness ; Radiographic measurement ; Neck
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Purpose. The prevertebral soft tissue measurement is commonly used for assessing prevertebral pathology such as abscesses or hematomas after injury. Very few references concerning the ratio of retrotracheal thickness to C5 diameter are available in the literature. The purpose of this study was to measure the normal soft tissue thickness at the C5 level of the neck and to establish the normal ratio of retrotracheal soft tissue thickness to the diameter of C5 for daily use. Design and patients. We measured soft tissue thickness in the neck of 54 normal subjects and calculated the mean and standard deviation. Results and conclusion. Using mean plus one standard deviation the maximum retrocricoid soft tissue thickness was 0.7×C5 diameter and maximum retrotracheal thickness was 1.0×C5 diameter. Soft tissue thickness that exceeds this limit must be studied further for signs of potential disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002560050543
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of IL-1β-induced messenger RNAs in rat pancreatic beta cells by differential display of messenger RNA (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 1199-1203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Beta cells ; chemokine ; phospholipase-D ; DDRT-PCR ; interleukin-1 ; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ; adenine nucleotide translocator ; CINC-1 ; CINC-3.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Interleukin-1β is a putative mediator of pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and damage in Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. To better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in IL-1β effects, we carried out a differential display of mRNA by RT-PCR to identify novel cytokine-regulated genes. Methods. Fluorescence activated cell sorting-purified rat pancreatic beta-cells were exposed for 6 or 24 h to IL-1β. Differentially expressed cDNA bands were cloned and then identified by comparing their sequences with data from the GenBank. Differential gene expression was confirmed by RT-PCR using specific primers. Results. Interleukin-1β increased the expression of adenine nucleotide translocator-1, phospholipase D-1 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 and decreased expression of the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA-2. Interleukin-1β-induced differential expression of these genes in beta cells was confirmed by RT-PCR. In additional studies, IL-1β was shown to induce chemokines other than cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1, including cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-3 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Conclusion/interpretation. Our observations indicate that IL-1β modifies the expression of several genes in pancreatic beta cells. These genes may affect both function, viability and beta-cell recognition by the immune system. Functional characterization of the mRNAs which have been identified could facilitate a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to beta-cell destruction in Type I diabetes. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 1199–1203]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051292
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly Dissipative State of YBa2Cu3O7 Thin Films at Very Large Current Densities (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 117 (1999), S. 1543-1547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Flux flow instabilities at high current densities have been recently reported to occur in high temperature superconductors. Such flux flow instabilities were already predicted by Larkin and Ovchinnikov. However, other mechanisms may possibly also account for this behaviour, as for instance hot spots or thermal instabilities. To investigate the mechanism at the origin of these instabilities, we have carried out detailed I- V experiments, using short current pulses, on YBCO thin films grown on sapphire substrates. When the current density exceeds 2-3 times the conventional critical current density, we observe an extremely fast transition from a low dissipative state into a highly dissipative state. We present some indications that this transition does not originate from temperature instabilities but is driven by the current.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022539010675
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell growth and protein formation on various microcarriers (1999)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 29 (1999), S. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: CHO cells ; comparison ; microcarriers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A large number of microcarriers are commercially available. The capability of cells to successfully proliferate on microcarriers varies with cell lines and media. Choosing the right microcarrier for a particular cell line is more than a choice of a microcarrier. It is part of an integrated process design. A detailed picture of cell growth and product formation will not only be essential in identifying the kind of microcarrier, but also in determining other parts of the process, such as operation mode and media. Our initial screening on thirteen microcarriers showed that cultures on some microcarriers reached a low cell density but high cell-specific productivity, and high density microcarrier cultures have a low specific productivity. The result is a similar product output per unit volume and time for these two types of cultures. An ideal culture system shall have increased volumetric productivity at elevated cell density. This requires the process goal to be incorporated as early as cell line construction and screening. A high output process can then be realized through high density culture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008053421462
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High cell density and productivity culture of Chinese hamster ovary cells in a fluidized bed bioreactor (1999)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 29 (1999), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: CHO ; cytoline microcarrier ; fluidized bed bioreactor (FBR) ; stirred tank bioreactor (STR)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A recombinant Chinese hamster ovary clone was cultivated in a 2L Cytopilot Mini fluidized bed bioreactor using Cytoline 1 microcarriers and a 10L B. Braun stirred tank bioreactor with Cytodex 1 microcarriers. Cytoline 1 is a macroporous polyethylene microcarrier and Cytodex 1 is a solid DEAE-dextran microcarrier. Cytoline 1 microcarriers in the fluidized bed bioreactor were gently mixed by an uplifting flow. Circulation and sparging in Cytopilot Mini were separated from the fluidized microcarrier bed. Cytopilot Mini bioreactor with Cytoline 1 microcarriers offered 2.3 times more surface area than the stirred tank bioreactor. The 2L fluidized bed bioreactor accommodated approximately half the cells in the 10L stirred tank bioreactor. Moreover, Cytopilot Mini had approximately three times more product output rate and 5.5 times higher specific productivity than the stirred tank bioreactor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008064217040
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