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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anatomical bases for paravertebral an esthetic block: fluid communication between the thoracic and lumbar paravertebral regions (2000)
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 21 (2000), S. 359-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Lumbar plexus ; Intercostal nerves ; Anesthesia regional ; Paravertebral block
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Summary An injection of a local anesthetics in the paravertebral region produces an analgesic field on the same side of the body, a paravertebral block. One point in question about this block is whether the local anesthetic spreads from the thoracic to the lumbar level of the paravertebral region. The purpose of this study was to find how the anesthetic fluid traveled to the lumbar paravertebral region, if at all. Twelve cadavers were used in this study. 15 ml of crimson dye was injected into the paravertebral region at the 11th thoracic level. The viscerae were removed so that we could examine the dye spread. While the crimson dye spread in the endothoracic fascia posterior to the parietal pleura, it also spread downward in the fascia mostly along the splanchnic nerves. At the upper surface of the diaphragm the dye spread laterally in the fascia, and entered the abdominal cavity through the medial and lateral arcuate ligaments. In the abdominal cavity, the dye was found to have spread so widely in the transversalis fascia that the subcostal, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral femoral cutaneous and femoral nerves were involved. We concluded that the dye in the thoracic paravertebral region can enter the abdominal cavity through the medial and lateral arcuate ligaments. This study explained possible fluid communication between the thoracic and lumbar paravertebral regions and confirmed our former clinical observations. The result is important for the future clinical application of paravertebral anesthesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00276-999-0359-4
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of a Clean Surface of α - SiC and its Metallization Process by Cu, Au and Ni using STM and Electron/Photon Spectroscopies (2000)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 338-342 (May 2000), p. 419-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/04/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.338-342.419.pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic properties of Co–P powders produced by chemical reduction (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 7209-7212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Co–P powders were produced by chemical reduction. The powders had a spherical shape with an average diameter of about 1 μm. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry studies confirmed that the powders were amorphous. The amorphous powders showed higher saturation magnetization than the crystalline counterparts. Heat treatment of the powders above the crystallization temperature resulted in the formation of fcc Co, hcp Co, and Co2P phases. The saturation magnetization of the annealed powders monotonically decreased as the annealing temperature increased. On the other hand, the coercivity of the annealed powders rapidly increased with increasing annealing temperature. The powders annealed at 600 °C had a saturation magnetization of 100 emu/g with a coercivity of 500 Oe. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1327290
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of activin on cell growth in primary cultures of guinea pig gastric epithelial cells (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 14 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The effect of activin on differentiated cells is known to be different from that on undifferentiated cells. Cultured gastric epithelial cells in complete serum-free conditions grew into matured mucous cells after treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF). Aim: To elucidate the effect of activin on the growth of differentiated and undifferentiated gastric mucosal cells. Methods: Cultured guinea pig gastric epithelial cells were prepared using the method of Ogihara et al. 1Synthesis of activin was analysed by Western blot using monoclonal anti-activin A antibody. Cell proliferation was assessed by counting the number of cells. Mucin production was assessed by histochemical study using periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction. Results: Western blot analysis indicated that activin was synthesized in cultured guinea pig gastric mucosal cells. One hundred nanomolar EGF induced a 3-fold increase in cell count and the appearance of PAS-positive granules. Five nanograms activin per millilitre without EGF stimulated proliferation of the cells that showed almost negative PAS staining. When activin was added after treatment with 100 n m EGF for 24 h, cell proliferation induced by EGF was inhibited by activin at concentrations higher than 5 ng/mL. Conclusion: These results suggest that activin stimulates proliferation of undifferentiated cells and inhibits growth of differentiated cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.014s1183.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Runoff characteristics in a small mountain basin analyzed by the use of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes (2000)
    Springer
    Limnology 1 (2000), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-863X
    Keywords: Key words Stable isotope ; Hydrograph separation ; Runoff component ; Flow path
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The hydrograph of a small drainage basin was separated into the components of direct runoff, soil water runoff, and ground water runoff, by a method using a stable isotope (18O and deuterium) to analyze its hydrological characteristics. It shows that the direct runoff consists of rainwater during the event, soil water runoff originating from the latest rainwater before the event, and groundwater runoff is a perfect mixture of rainwater brought to the catchment throughout the year. If these water masses constitute a triangle on a δD–δ18O diagram, they are independent of each other, and the separation gives a unique result. A comparison of the above results with the hydrograph separation in terms of the response time using a tank model led to an estimation of the flow path and dynamics of each runoff component. This study investigates the mixing process involved with these runoff components and, further, identifies physical properties to be observed in the field to provide for a more detailed analysis of the runoff process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s102010070009
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CT and MR imaging of the “target sign” in metastatic brain disease (2000)
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 154-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Metastatic brain tumors – Calcification – CT – MR imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The “target sign” is a common finding in granulomatous infection. A case with the target sign in metastatic brain tumor from small cell lung carcinoma is reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050024
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metals in Water in the Central Kalimantan, Indonesia (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 65 (2000), S. 591-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0012800164
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite L-trivial Transformation Semigroups (2000)
    Springer
    Semigroup forum 60 (2000), S. 470-477 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2137
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002339910038
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A two-pion exchange three-nucleon force based on a realistic πN interaction (2000)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 7 (2000), S. 559-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS:21.10.Dr Binding energies and masses – 21.45.+v Few-body systems – 25.80.Dj Pion elastic scattering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The contribution of a ππ-exchange three-body force to the three-nucleon binding energy is calculated in terms of a πN amplitude. The latter is based on a meson-theoretical model of πN interaction developed by the Jülich group. Similar to a previous study based on simple phenomenological πN potentials a very small effect of the resulting three-body force is found. Possible origins of the two-orders-of-magnitude discrepancy between the present result and the values obtained for the Tucson-Melbourne three-body force are investigated. Evidence is provided that this discrepancy is most likely due to strikingly different off-shell properties of the πN amplitudes underlying the two approaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00013657
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of ternary Li–Mn–O phase at a temperature of 260 ∘C and electrochemical lithium insertion into the oxide (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 30 (2000), S. 159-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: lithium battery ; lithium intercalation ; manganese oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract A lithium–manganese oxide, Li x MnO2 (x = 0.30.6), has been synthesized by heating a mixture (Li/Mn ratio = 0.30.8) of electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) and LiNO3 in air at moderate temperature, 260 ∘C. The formation of the Li–Mn–O phase was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption and electrochemical measurements. Electrochemical properties of the Li–Mn–O were examined in LiClO4-propylene carbonate electrolyte solution. About 0.3 Li in Li x MnO2 (x = 0.30.6) was removed on initial charging, resulting in characteristic two discharge plateaus around 3.5 V and 2.8 V vs Li/Li+. The Li x MnO2 synthesized by heating at Li/Mn ratio = 0.5 demonstrated higher discharge capacity, about 250 mAh (g of oxide)−1 initially, and better cyclability as a positive electrode for lithium secondary battery use as compared to EMD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003819905672
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