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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partitioning behavior of Al in a nanocrystalline FeZrBAl soft magnetic alloy (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 439-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Atom probe field ion microscopy was employed to investigate the distribution of Al in a nanocrystalline Fe88Zr7B3Al2 soft magnet with optimal magnetic performance. The atom probe concentration depth profiles show that the Al atoms preferentially partition into the residual amorphous phase, and the partitioning factor of Al is approximately five times larger in the amorphous phase than in the bcc Fe phase. Based on the experimental results, the beneficial effect of the addition of Al on the soft magnetic properties is attributed to the change of the inherent magnetostriction constant of the residual amorphous phase induced by Al partitioning. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371881
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of Nb and Co in an α-Fe/Nd2Fe14B-type nanocomposite (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 6928-6930 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Atom probe field ion microscopy was employed to investigate the distribution of the alloying elements in a nanocrystalline Fe76.5Nd8Co8B6Nb1.5 (at. %) alloy consisting of soft magnetic α-Fe and hard magnetic Nd2Fe14B. It was found that Co atoms prefer to partition into Nd2Fe14B phase. The partitioning factor of Co in the hard magnetic phase is approximately 2 with respect to the soft magnetic phase, α-Fe. Atom probe concentration and integrated depth profiles showed that the Nb atoms segregate at the interfaces between the soft and the hard magnetic phases. Based on the atom probe results, the beneficial effects of Nb and Co on the microstructure and the hard magnetic properties of the nanocomposite are discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1317235
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic foundation of extended irreversible thermodynamics (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 7445-7457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we investigate the kinetic foundation of extended irreversible thermodynamics via the moment method. First we consider the construct of the 1-particle distribution function f in terms of its moments by maximizing the entropy density function. We then project f from its L2 space onto the local thermodynamic variables z=(z1,...,zN) in the thermodynamic base space B(circumflex)N. Thus instead of the Boltzmann equation we consider a set of evolution equations of z in B(circumflex)N. Second, we formulate the laws of thermodynamics governing the variable z in B(circumflex)N. These laws exhibit an intrinsic geometric structure of thermodynamics in the setting of contact geometry. Finally, as an illustration, we discuss the evolution equations for the bulk pressure Pb, heat flux Q, and the symmetric traceless tensor π(two down arrows) corresponding to the viscous and heat conduction irreversible processes. These equations can be formulated as an abstract inhomogeneous hyperbolic evolution equation. By employing the C0 semigroup technique, we discuss the solution of the evolution equation and its asymptotic behavior. We show that thermodynamic stability condition of the system implies asymptotic dynamical stability of the solution and vice versa. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1312194
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic force microscopy study of plastic deformation and interfacial sliding in Al thin film: Si substrate systems due to thermal cycling (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 4298-4300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A method is proposed to measure the plastic deformation of thin metallic films on Si substrates induced by thermal cycling. The cross-sectional profiles of pattern-grown square Al films with a thickness of ∼250 nm and a size of ∼6 μm×6 μm were measured before and after thermal cycling by employing an atomic force microscope. With the assistance of statistical analysis, the change in the size and shape of the thin films were determined. Based on theoretical considerations, the thermal cycling deformation of thin films is attributed to creep and plasticity effects, accommodated by diffusion-controlled interfacial sliding. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1332098
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ductile quasicrystalline alloys (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 967-969 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An icosahedral (I) quasicrystalline phase with a grain size below 40 nm was formed as a metastable phase in crystallization of the bulk glassy Zr65Al7.5Cu17.5−xNi10Mx (M=Ag, Pd, Au, or Pt; x=5 and 10 at %) alloys. The volume fraction (Vf) of the I phase is about 85% for the 5% M alloy and nearly 100% for the 10% M alloy. The I phase changes to Zr2Cu+Zr2Ni+Zr2Al3 in a fully annealed state. Compressive fracture strength (σc,f) and fracture elongation (εc,f) of the 10% Pd cylinder with a diameter of 2 mm are respectively 1640 MPa and 2.2% for the glassy phase and increase to 1830 MPa and 3.1% for the I phase. The increase in σc,f is due to the suppression effect of the I particles against the shear deformation of the intergranular glassy phase, and the increase in εc,f results from the localization effect of deformation into the glassy layer. The precipitation of the I phase implies that the glassy alloys include randomly oriented I configurations. The present work shows promise for the new class of high-strength nanoquasicrystalline materials. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125907
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequential Quadratic Programming for Development of a New Probiotic Dairy Tofu with Glucono-δ-Lactone (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 69 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effects of various concentrations of glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) and skim milk powder, as well as the addition of prebiotics, on the rheology and probiotic viabilities of dairy tofu. Additionally, modern optimization techniques were applied to attempt to determine the optimal processing conditions and growth rate for the selected probiotics (Lactobacillus. acidophilus, L. casei, Bifidobacteria bifidum, and B. longum). There were 2 stages in this research to accomplish the goal. The 1st stage was to derive surface models using response surface methodology (RSM); the 2nd stage performed optimization on the models using sequential quadratic programming (SQP) techniques. The results were demonstrated to be effective. The most favorable production conditions of dairy tofu were 1% GDL, 0% peptides, 3% isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO), and 18% milk, as confirmed by subsequent verification experiments. Analysis of the sensory evaluation results revealed no significant difference between the probiotic dairy tofu and the GDL analog in terms of texture and appearance (P 〈 0.05). The viable numbers of probiotics were well above the recommended limit of 106 CFU/g for the probiotic dairy tofu throughout the tested storage period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb13640.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A density functional theory study of site-specific methyl reaction on MoO3(010): The effects of methyl coverage (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 9617-9623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report density functional theory calculations, using pseudopotentials with a plane wave basis, of methyl adsorbed on the MoO3(010) surface at 0.5 and 1.0 ML coverages. The MoO3 surface is modeled by a one-layer slab. Methyl is adsorbed most strongly over the terminal oxygen, where methoxy is formed. Over the bridging oxygens, qualitatively different results are obtained depending on the coverage of methyl. At 0.5 ML, methoxy is formed over the bridging oxygens, with an associated relaxation of the surface caused by a repulsion between the methyl and the terminal oxygen. For the 1.0 ML coverage, methyl is not stable and decomposes. Over the asymmetric bridging oxygen, methyl reacts to form formaldehyde and hydroxyl, while over the symmetric bridging oxygen a formyl species and water are produced. The hydroxyl and water are formed via hydrogen transfer to a terminal oxygen. The bonding and reaction of methyl over the various oxygen species are analyzed and discussed using charge density difference plots as well as the crystal orbital overlap projection (COOP). For the 0.5 ML methyl coverage, this analysis shows that the tilting of the terminal oxygen bond weakens this bond slightly. For the 1.0 ML methyl coverage, the COOP plots indicate that the decomposition of methyl over the bridging oxygens is not as stable as methyl over the terminal oxygen because the presence of the carbon fragments affects the electronic structure, and causes a weakening of the Mo–terminal oxygen bond. These results are discussed in the context of partial oxidation reactions. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481578
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical Association of Anti-Golgi Autoantibodies and their Autoantigens (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden , USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Anti-Golgi autoantibodies (AGAs) and their targets have been reported from several diseases. However, the association of AGAs, selective autoantigens and related clinical diseases is still obscure. In this study, the presence of AGAs in the sera of 5983 patients was screened to explore the association of AGAs and clinical diseases. By means of indirect immunofluorescence using HEp-2 cells, sera of 12 patients bearing AGAs were identified. The location of recognized Golgi autoantigen(s) was confirmed by the treatment of monensin and double immunostaining using β-COP. Using the immunoelectron microscopy, AGA immunoreactivity was clearly demonstrated at a stack structure, characteristic of the Golgi complex. Furthermore, analysis of the 12 AGA-positive sera by Western blot revealed at least 15 components of Golgi antigens with relative molecular weights ranging from 54 to 350 kDa, and several Golgi autoantigens identified may be novel. Notably, over half of the AGA-positive cases found belong to non-autoimmune diseases, particularly hepatic disorder. This study presents the association of AGAs, components of the Golgi complex and clinical diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01353.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A population-based epidemiologic study of irritable bowel syndrome in South China: stratified randomized study by cluster sampling (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : The detailed population-based data on irritable bowel syndrome in South China are lacking.Aims : To assess the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in South China and its impact on health-related quality of life.Subjects and methods : A face-to-face interview was carried out in South China to assess the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome. Random clustered sampling of permanent inhabitants aged 18–80 years was carried out under stratification of urban and suburban areas. The impact of irritable bowel syndrome on health-related quality of life was evaluated using the Chinese version of SF-36.Results : A total of 4178 subjects (1907 male and 2271 female) were interviewed. The adjusted prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in South China is 11.50% according to the Manning criteria and 5.67% according to the Rome II criteria. Factors including history of analgesic use such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (odds ratio 3.83), history of food allergies (odds ratio 2.68), psychological distress (odds ratio 2.18), life events (odds ratio 1.89), history of dysentery (odds ratio 1.63) and negative coping style (odds ratio 1.28) were significantly associated with the presence of irritable bowel syndrome (P 〈 0.05). Irritable bowel syndrome was significantly associated with a decrement in health-related quality of life score.Conclusion : Irritable bowel syndrome is a common disorder in South China and has a negative impact on health-related quality of life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.01939.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Annular leucocytoclastic vasculitis induced by chlorzoxazone (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 150 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.05681.x
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