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  • 2005-2009  (3)
Material
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 340-341 (June 2007), p. 599-604 
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Formability of tube in elevated temperature is essential data to design the warmhydroforming process parameters, such as tube diameter, forming temperature and die geometries.Since the quantitative data of forming limit can be used to predict the failure on forming process,formability data available on the FE analysis is one of the very important information for the optimumdesign. In this study, the effect of heat treatment conditions and deformation temperature on theformability was investigated for the warm hydroforming of Al6061 tube. Full annealing andT6-treatment are applied for the heat treatment of Al6061 tubes. To evaluate the hydroformability,uni-axial tensile test and bulge test were performed at temperature ranges between room temperatureand 300oC. The measured flow stresses were used as input parameters for the simulation of warmhydroforming process. The damage value and strain variation during hydroforming are analysed byFEM. A forming limit based on the ductile fracture criteria has been proposed by combining theresults of experimental and FE analysis for the estimation of formability and optimization of warmhydroforming process
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 29-30 (Nov. 2007), p. 359-362 
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Changes in crystal phase and electrical properties of oxides composed of Mn, Co, and Niwith the molar ratios of 5:2:1 and 3:3:1 were investigated. Starting oxides were fired from 250°C to800°C, then maintained at prescribed temperatures for 3 h in air. In the 5:2:1 specimen, a monophaseconsisting of a cubic spinel oxide that is important to electrical conductivity was obtained at firingtemperature of 800°C. In the 3:3:1 specimen, the monophase was obtained at temperatures rangingfrom 600°C to 800°C. Electrical resistance decreased exponentially with increasing temperature forall specimens fired at temperatures ranging from 250°C to 800°C, indicating that the oxides haveintrinsic thermistor characteristics with negative temperature coefficient (NTC). The temperaturedependence of the thermistor constant (B value) necessary for practical application was considered tobe related to the existence ratio of cubic spinel-type and ilmenite-type structures and the latticeconstant of the cubic spinel-type structure. The electrical conduction was stabilized by annealing atprescribed temperatures for more than 720 minutes
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  The aim of this study was to compare the multidimensional properties among subtypes of painful temporomandibular disorders (TMD): myofascial pain (group I), disc displacement (group II), arthralgia (group IIIa) and osteoarthritis (group IIIb). A total of 511 patients answered a battery of questionnaires, which included questions relating to intensity and duration of pain, the Japanese version of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, limitation of daily functions, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire short-form and 34 items of behavioural contributing factors. Group IIIb showed significantly the highest age in all subtypes. Those in group I had higher depression scores than those in group II (P=0·005). Group IIIa had a lower women's ratio than in group II (P=0·001) and the patients showed a shorter pain duration than those in groups I (P=0·000) and II (P=0·001). Group IIIa patients also showed lower visual analogue scale (VAS) ratings for pain descriptors ‘heavy’ (P=0·002) and ‘tiring’ (P=0·004) than those of group I, and ‘dull’ (P=0·005), ‘heavy’ (P=0·001) and ‘tiring’ (P=0·005) than those of group II. Group IIIa showed lower ratios of contributing factors of ‘an awareness of grinding/clenching during sleep’ (P=0·000) and ‘an awareness of clenching sensation when waking up at night’ (P=0·002) than those of group I, and also showed a higher ratio of ‘a liking for a hard food’ (P=0·000) and lower ratio of ‘talking for a long time on the telephone’ (P=0·001) than those of group II. In conclusion, although several properties were different between subtypes, the majority of them were similar in the four subtypes of TMD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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