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  • 2005-2009  (9)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second Generation High-k Gate Insulators (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advances in science and technology Vol. 45 (Oct. 2006), p. 1342-1350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-0356
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Notes: Very high (k〉25) permittivity materials have been investigated as a second step high-kgate insulator. These are all formed by adding other materials to the basic HfO2. Hafnium titanatethin films were deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). It was observed that both theinterfacial layer (IL) EOT and the permittivity increase with Ti content and that films with higher Ticontent are also more immune to crystallization. Permittivities as high as 50 were achieved. In theMOSFET devices with the hafnium titanate films, normal transistor characteristics were observed,including electron mobility degradation. In SrHfO3 films, deposited by physical vapor deposition(PVD), a permittivity as high as 35 was achieved. These films appear to be highly stable upon hightemperature annealing, but show a thick, anomalous interfacial layer
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/42/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAST.45.1342.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hyaline Cell-Rich Chondroid Syringoma- Report of Two Cases. (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc.
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 32 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Case 1: A 38 year-old man presented with a painless right post auricular mass, slowly growing for ten years. Clinical impression was a salivary gland lesion. The excised mass measured 3 cm and was gelatinous. Case 2: A 28 year-old man presented with a lump in the region of the left heel, slowly growing for several years. Excision revealed a lobulated pink-gray mass measuring 2 cm. In both cases, histology demonstrated a circumscribed encapsulated proliferation of tumour cells surrounded by abundant myxoid stroma. There were almost exclusively hyaline cells with plasmacytoid features, arranged predominantly in nests and sheets with abundant pink cytoplasm and hyaline inclusions. Round to oval nuclei with occasional small nucleoli and rare mitotic figures were seen. Both cases stained strongly positive for low molecular weight cytokeratin, S 100 and vimentin and were negative for desmin, smooth-muscle actin and muscle-specific actin. We describe two cases of hyaline cell-rich chondroid syringoma, a histologically benign entity. The importance in recognizing this entity is that these tumors can easily be confused with malignant neoplasms including malignant melanoma, myxoid chondrosarcoma and alveolar soft part sarcoma. Follow up for a year has shown no evidence of metastases or recurrence in both cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0303-6987.2005.320hl.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of Homer and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors by nicotine (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 21 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study focuses on the nicotine-induced modulation of mRNA and protein expression of a number of genes involved in glutamatergic synaptic transmission in rat brain over different time periods of exposure. A subchronic (3 days) but not the chronic (7 or 14 days) administration of nicotine resulted in the up-regulation of Homer2a/b mRNA in the amygdala while in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) no change in expression of either Homer2a/b or Homer1b/c was observed. Although the increase in Homer2a/b mRNA was not translated into the protein level in the amygdala, a slight but significant up-regulation of Homer1b/c protein was observed in the same region at day 3. Both Homer forms were up-regulated at the protein level in the VTA at day 3. In the nucleus accumbens, 14 days of nicotine treatment up-regulated mRNA of Homer2b/c by 68.2% (P 〈 0.05), while the short form Homer1a gene was down-regulated by 65.0% at day 3 (P 〈 0.05). In regard to other components of the glutamatergic signalling, we identified an acute and intermittent increase in the mRNA and protein levels of mGluR1 and mGluR5 in the amygdala. In the VTA, however, the effects of nicotine on mGluR mRNA expression were long-lasting but rather specific to mGluR1. Nevertheless, mGluR1 protein levels in the VTA area were up-regulated only at day 3, as in the amygdala. These data provide further evidence for the involvement of nicotine in the glutamatergic neuronal synaptic activity in vivo, suggesting a role for the newly identified Homer proteins in this paradigm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.03945.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Refined localization of a punctate palmoplantar keratoderma gene to a 5·06-cM region at 15q22.2–15q22.31 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 152 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Punctate palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) is a rare autosomal dominant cutaneous disorder characterized by numerous hyperkeratotic papules distributed on the palms and soles. Two loci for punctate PPK were recently found to be located on 8q24.13–8q24.21 and 15q22–15q24. However, no genes for this disease have been identified to date.Objectives  To refine the previously mapped regions and to identify the disease gene locus in a four-generation Chinese family with punctate PPK.Methods  Genetic linkage analysis was carried out in this family using microsatellite markers on chromosomes 8q and 15q. Two-point linkage analysis was performed using Linkage programs version 5·10 and the haplotype was constructed using Cyrillic version 2·02 software.Results  We failed to confirm our previous locus at 8q24.13–8q24.21, but significant evidence for linkage was observed in the region of 15q with a maximum two-point LOD score of 5·38 at D15S153 (θ = 0·00). Haplotype analysis localized the punctate PPK locus within the region defined by D15S651 and D15S988. This region overlaps by 5·06 cM with the previously reported punctate PPK region.Conclusions  This study refines a disease gene causing punctate PPK to a 5·06-cM interval at 15q22.2–15q22.31.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06488.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical profiles of vitiligo in China: an analysis of 3742 patients (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 30 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Very few articles have aimed to illuminate the clinical profiles of vitiligo in China. We conducted this retrospective survey involving 4118 outpatients with vitiligo in order to identify the differences among various clinical types of vitiligo and their associated disorders. Completed questionnaires (3742) were validated and analysed. Of this large cohort, 1565 (41.8%) individuals presented vitiligo vulgaris, followed by focal, segmental, acrofacial, and universal, in that order. The mean age of vitiligo onset was 18.88 years. More than 60% of the patients were affected before 20 years of age. Patients with segmental vitiligo were affected earlier than those with other types of vitiligo (15.55 years; (P 〈 0.001). More than 74% of the patients presented with focal vitiligo at onset. After 3–5 years, 99% of active vitiligo was worse and shifted from one clinical type to another. However, there was no transformation between acrofacial vitiligo and segmental vitiligo. Compared with the general population, the patients with vitiligo were more likely to be affected by rheumatoid arthritis (P 〈 0.01), ichthyosis (P 〈 0.01), chronic urticaria (P 〈 0.01), or alopecia areata (P 〈 0.01).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2005.01813.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of IL-6 in co-culture of bronchial epithelial cells and eosinophils is regulated by p38 MAPK and NF-κB (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Prominent infiltration of eosinophils into the airway mucosa and release of inflammatory mediators upon their adhesion onto airway epithelial cells are the immunopathogical mechanisms of allergic asthma.Objective:  We investigated the effect of normal and paraformaldyhyde-fixed human eosinophils on BEAS-2B cells, a human bronchial epithelial cell line, for the release of inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6.Methods:  Interleukin-6 in cell culture supernatant, protein amount of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity in BEAS-2B cells were analyzed by Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IL-6 gene expression was assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and p38 MAPK activity and inhibitor (I)κB-α induction were evaluated by Western blot.Results:  Co-culture of BEAS-2B cells and eosinophils induced a significant elevation of IL-6 expression in BEAS-2B cells. Interaction of eosinophils and BEAS-2B cells led to a marked induction in phospho-p38 MAPK, phospho-IκB-α and activity of NF-κB in BEAS-2B cells. NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 and p38 MAPK inhibitor SB 203580 significantly decreased IL-6 release in a co-culture of BEAS-2B cells and eosinophils. Fixed human eosinophils were able to maintain their ability to induce IL-6 release in co-culture, activate p38 MAPK and NK-κB, and up-regulate IL-6 gene expression in BEAS-2B cells.Conclusions:  These data indicate that the interaction of eosinophils and bronchial epithelial cells plays an important role in airway inflammation, at least partly, via IL-6 induction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00884.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal deformation analysis of BGA package by digital image correlation technique (2005)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Microelectronics international 22 (2005), S. 34-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1356-5362
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Purpose - The mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients of the materials in multiplayer structure may induce serious stress concentrations in electronic packaging. Experimental evaluation of the thermal stresses and strains in those electronic composites is becoming significantly important for optimizing design and failure prediction of the electronic devices. Design/methodology/approach - Digital image correlation (DIC) technique was utilized to obtain thermal deformation filed of a BGA package. With the help of white light to illuminate the cross section of the BGA package, the gray images were taken from the rough surface of the specimen, that offer a kid of carrier pattern for the DIC processing with statistical resemblance in gray distributions. By using the algorithm of correlation computation, the DIC searched the matching spots in a pair of those images in which the spot displacements were involved in between, to obtain the deformation fields of the package specimen caused by temperature changes. Findings - The results show interesting strain distributions in the assembly. Both the horizontal displacement component and its normal derivative are strongly related to the arrangement of the solder joints in the bonding medium between the die and the ceramic substrate. The strain components in the middle region of the package are larger than those in the side regions where the strain relaxation may exist near the stress-free boundaries. The shear strain components show special bands of parallel lines with identical amount over the chip-package to sustain the shearing of the packed structure under thermal loading. Originality/value - The DIC technique shows to be a useful tool for the thermal strain analysis of the electronic packaging devices. Not only provides it the whole field deformation of the assembly, but also maintains the surface pictures of the package without covering any fringes, which is important to compare the deformation field with the specimen surface to reveal the stain distribution related to the failure prediction of the materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13565360510575530
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interference-Free Tool Path Generation for 5-Axis NC Machining with a Flat-End Cutter (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 315-316 (July 2006), p. 180-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A algorithm of interference free tool path generation for 5-axis NC machining with flat endcutter is presented. The approach includes: To obtain cutter location points from cutter contact points;interference pretreatment by convex box of NURBS surfaces and reducing check area; interferencedetection and tool-position correction based on mesh model while the interference problem issubstituted with the relationship between tool and triangles. The algorithm is speed and reliable
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/51/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.315-316.180.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micro Angle Measurement for a Scanning Stage (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 295-296 (Oct. 2005), p. 119-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Long range scanning stages with very small positioning errors are the key elements in the nano-CMM that is used to determine the sizes and coordinates of micromachines and parts in three dimensions to realize MEMS/nano technology. A transmission stage needs six degree-of-freedom precision motion controls. A compact critical angle sensor (CAS) can be mounted on the base or frame to be used to monitor the orientation parameters of the scanning/transmission stage along the 3 axes and feedback the error signal of the sensor output to maintain the stage moving performance. By calibration with an autocollimator, the resolution is better than 0.1 arcsec with a measurement range above 600 arcsec
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/50/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.295-296.119.pdf
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