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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dimensional measurement of high aspect ratio micro structures with a resonating micro cantilever probe (2000)
    Springer
    Microsystem technologies 6 (2000), S. 179-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1858
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Technology
    Notes: Abstract  In non-destructive dimensional measurement of high aspect ratio micro structures (HARMS), optical methods cannot offer full three dimensional information due to the lack of observation light. Again, conventional mechanical measurement, such as a surface profiler or a coordinate measurement machine, cannot be applied because their stylus is too large. Furthermore, the AFM, though popular among the semiconductor industry, is also limited in terms of dimensional measurement, because its system is usually designed for planar samples. Thus, we have developed a new sensor-integrated micro resonating cantilever probe and a new dimensional measurement machine, which allows the probe's vertical access to microstructures in a sample. The new probe is made of tungsten carbide super hard alloy and possesses design flexibility according to its intended application. Validity of the system is confirmed through the measurement experiment of EDM drilled and chemically etched micro holes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005429900037
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-resolved two-dimensional thick-slice magnetic resonance digital subtraction angiography in assessing brain tumors (2000)
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 736-744 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Magnetic resonance angiography ; Digital subtraction angiography ; Two-dimensional Brain tumor ; Gadolinium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical applicability of two-dimensional (2D) thick-slice, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance digital subtraction angiography (MRDSA) with high temporal resolution in diagnosis of brain tumors. Forty-four patients with brain tumors including, 15 meningiomas, 8 gliomas, 6 metastatic tumors, 4 neuromas, and 2 hemangioblastomas, were studied with 2D MRDSA with frame rate approximately 1 s. Images were continuously obtained following the initiation of bolus injection of gadolinium chelates for 40 s and subtraction images were generated in a workstation. We evaluated visualization of normal cranial vessels on MRDSA and compared MRDSA and intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (IADSA) with regard to hemodynamic information. Large cerebral arteries, all venous sinuses, and most tributaries were clearly visualized. A stain was present in hypervascular tumors including all 15 meningiomas and 2 hemangioblastomas on MRDSA. Presence of a stain demonstrated on MRDSA and that on IADSA coincided in 16 of 20 cases (Spearman rank correlation value was 0.85). The location, shape, and phase of the stain on MRDSA were similar to those on IADSA. Two-dimensional MRDSA with high temporal resolution has a unique ability to demonstrate cerebral hemodynamics, such as IADSA, and can play an important role in assessing brain tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050996
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A strong source of methyl chloride to the atmosphere from tropical coastal land (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 403 (2000), S. 295-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Methyl chloride (CH3Cl), the most abundant halocarbon in the atmosphere, has received much attention as a natural source of chlorine atoms in the stratosphere. The annual global flux of CH3 Cl has been estimated to be around 3.5 Tg on the grounds that this ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35002049
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical study of autoimmune pancreatitis using anti-IgG4 antibody and patients' sera (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 47 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims : Autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP), characterized by raised serum IgG4 levels, is frequently complicated by disorders of extrapancreatic organs. The aim of the present study was to examine immunohistochemically which extrapancreatic organs are affected, and whether an autoantibody to such organs is present in the serum of AIP patients.Methods : Various tissues/organs obtained from AIP patients were studied immunohistochemically with an anti-IgG4 antibody. To examine the presence of an autoantibody in the serum of AIP patients, sera were incubated with various normal organs/tissues extracted for other diseases, followed by detection with an anti-IgG4 antibody. Sera were also examined before and after glucocorticoid therapy.Results : Marked infiltration of IgG4+ plasma cells was observed in the pancreas, liver, bile duct and salivary gland of many of the AIP patients examined. The normal epithelia of the pancreatic ducts, bile ducts, gallbladder and salivary gland ducts reacting with the patients' sera were detectable by the anti-IgG4 antibody. Following glucocorticoid therapy the IgG4 antibody from the patients' sera showed decreased reactivity with these tissues.Conclusions : AIP may also affect extrapancreatic organs, the serum of AIP patients may contain an IgG4 autoantibody to various organs and glucocorticoid therapy may improve such disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02204.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of cyclosporine therapy on idiopathic membranous nephropathy presented with refractory nephrotic syndrome (2000)
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental nephrology 4 (2000), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7799
    Keywords: Key words Membranous nephropathy ; Nephrotic syndrome ; Cyclosporine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. Recent studies suggested the possible benefits of cyclosporine (CsA) therapy in patients with membranous nephropathy, although most of these studies were short-term. An uncontrolled retrospective study was undertaken to evaluate the long-term effect of CsA therapy on idiopathic membranous nephropathy presented with refractory nephrotic syndrome. Methods. The subjects were eight patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy presenting with refractory nephrotic syndrome. All patients had received a course of corticosteroid therapy before CsA therapy, and had not responded to the corticosteroid, including one or two administrations of intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy. The CsA doses were adjusted to maintain trough blood level at 100 ng/ml during the first 3 months and then reduced to maintain the level at 50 ng/ml in patients who had responded to partial remission. Results. CsA therapy induced a marked decrease in proteinuria from the first month, and a significant decrease from month 3 and thereafter. The mean serum total protein and albumin levels rose, and total cholesterol fell significantly with CsA therapy. The serum creatinine level was unchanged during CsA therapy. Three patients showed complete remission and two were in partial remission, while three were nephrotic at 12 months of CsA therapy. From 18 to 24 months of CsA therapy, three patients were in complete remission, four were in partial remission, and one patient was nephrotic. There were no side effects of CsA, except for gum hyperplasia and hypertrichosis in one patient. Conclusion. These results suggest that long-term CsA therapy at a low or moderate dose is potentially effective and safe in most nephrotic patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy refractory to corticosteroid therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101570050068
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous display of MRA and MPR in detecting vascular compression for trigeminal neuralgia or hemifacial spasm: comparison with oblique sagittal views of MRI (2000)
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 1056-1060 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Magnetic resonance angiography – Oblique sagittal views – Trigeminal neuralgia – Hemifacial spasm
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A new technique, simultaneous display of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), was performed by a workstation to identify the involved vessels in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) or hemifacial spasm (HFS), and the results were compared with those of oblique sagittal MRI technique. Twelve patients with either HFS or TN were prospectively assessed by simultaneous display of MRA and MPR, and oblique sagittal techniques, to point out the neurovascular compression and to identify the involved vessels. Three-dimensional (3D) time-of-flight (TOF) spoiled gradient-echo (SPGR) images were acquired to create MRA and MPR. Oblique sagittal views were also created and displayed on films. A total of 15 vessels in 12 patients were identified as compressing vessels during surgery. Simultaneous display of MRA and MPR technique pointed out the presence of vessels at and/or around root entry/exit zone (REZ) in all 12 patients, but proper identification by the name of the individual vessel was correct in 13 of 15 cases. However, oblique sagittal technique indicated the presence of vessels at and/or around REZ in 11 patients, but only 8 of 14 vessels were correctly identified. Our new method, simultaneous display of MRA-MPR, facilitated correct identification of the involved vessels compared with the oblique sagittal view method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003309900291
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-dimensional thick-slice MR digital subtraction angiography for assessment of cerebrovascular occlusive diseases (2000)
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 1858-1864 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: MR imaging – Contrast material – MR angiography – Cerebrovascular disease – Brain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Although spatial resolution of current MR angiography is excellent, temporal resolution has remained unsatisfactory. We evaluated clinical applicability of 2D thick-slice, contrast-enhanced subtraction MR angiography (2D-MR digital subtraction angiography) with sub-second temporal resolution in cerebrovascular occlusive diseases. Twenty-five patients with cerebrovascular occlusive diseases (8 moyamoya diseases, 10 proximal internal carotid occlusions, and 2 sinus thromboses ) were studied with a 1.5-T MR unit. The MR digital subtraction angiography (MRDSA) was performed per 0.97 s continuously just after a bolus injection of 15 ml of gadolinium chelates up to 40 s in sagittal (covering hemisphere) or coronal planes. Subtraction images were generated at a workstation. We evaluated imaging quality and hemodynamic information of MRDSA in comparison with those of routine MR imaging, non-contrast MR angiography, and X-ray intra-arterial DSA. Major cerebral arteries, all of the venous sinuses, and most tributaries were clearly visualized with 2D MRDSA. Also, pure arterial phases were obtained in all cases. The MRDSA technique demonstrated prolonged circulation in sinus thromboses, distal patent lumen of proximal occlusion, and some collateral circulation. Such hemodynamic information was comparable to that of intra-arterial DSA. Two-dimensional thick-slice MRDSA with high temporal resolution has a unique ability to demonstrate cerebral hemodynamics equivalent to that of intra-arterial DSA and may play an important role for evaluation of cerebrovascular occlusive diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300000584
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An autopsy case of hepatitis B (HB) antigen-positive polyarteritis nodosa, with reference to immunopathological studies of vascular lesions (2000)
    Springer
    Modern rheumatology 10 (2000), S. 267-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-7609
    Keywords: Key words Hepatitis B antigen ; Immune complex ; Polyarteritis nodosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An autopsy case of an 11-year-old boy with polyarteritis nodosa is described in which the onset of the disease was associated with the presence of hepatitis B (HB) antigens (Ag) in the cytoplasm and nuclei of hepatocytes as detected by immunohistological methods. Deposits of HBsAg, HBeAg, IgG, IgM, C3, and C1q were demonstrated in systemic vascular lesions. It is considered that the arteritis was due to deposition in the arteries of immune complexes formed by HBAg and HB antibodies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101650070015
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