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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 209 (1999), S. 447-450 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Bombyxin ; Insulin ; Bombyx mori ; Electroporation ; Cell-specific expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A transgene reporter consisting of the bombyxin gene promoter and the green fluorescent protein coding region was introduced into intact brains of the silkworm Bombyx mori by in vitro electroporation. After in vitro culture of the brains, the fluorescence derived from the introduced reporter gene was observed in all cases in eight neurosecretory cells that had previously been identified as bombyxin-producing cells (BPCs). Although the fluorescence was not always observed in all cells, it was specific to BPCs, indicating that the reporter was under the control of the bombyxin gene promoter in a BPC-specific manner. Electroporatical introduction of a reporter gene was therefore found to be a suitable method for analyzing cell-specific expression in intact tissues and to be substitute for germ-line transmission of reporters in the transgenic system. Application of this technique enables us to analyze the cell-specific expression of transgene reporters within a few days and treat more than several dozens of the reporters within 1 month, which is difficult to do with the transgenic system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Bombyxin ; Insulin ; Bombyx mori ; Multigene family ; Brain neurosecretory cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Bombyxin G1 gene, a novel insulin-related peptide gene of the silkmoth Bombyx mori, has been identified. The G1 gene encodes a precursor peptide which shows 41–56% and 28% sequence identities with preprobombyxins previously characterized and human preproinsulin, respectively. The G1 gene forms a pair with bombyxin C2 gene with opposite transcriptional orientation in a bombyxin gene cluster. The bombyxin G1 mRNA in Bombyx brain was shown to locate in four pairs of medial neurosecretory cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Ecdysteroid ; Nuclear condensation ; DNA fragmentation ; α-amanitin ; Cycloheximide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Silk gland is a larval specific tissue of lepidopteran insects and begins to degenerate shortly before pupation. Programmed cell death (PCD) of the anterior silk gland of Bombyx mori last instar larvae was studied in vivo and in vitro, focusing on the effects of 20- hydroxyecdysone (20E). The glands began to exhibit signs of PCD in vivo 2 days after gut purge and comp-leted PCD by 48 h. In vitro, 20E prematurely induced PCD, and its completion took 144 h (6 days). An oligo-nucleosomal ladder pattern was observed in DNA extracted at the end of PCD. Caspase 3 inhibitor inhibited attainment of full PCD, but it did not block chromatin condensation as revealed by acridine orange staining. α-Amanitin inhibited the PCD induced by 20E in vitro if added to the culture in the first 8 h. Similarly, cycloheximide and emetine completely blocked PCD when applied in the first 18 h of culture with 20E. These results indicate that 20E-stimulated transcription and protein synthesis for PCD are completed in 8 h and 18 h, respectively. Nevertheless, withdrawal of 20E from the medium at different times showed that 20E must be present in vitro for 42 h to elicit full PCD. Current results indicate that the effects of 20E on the progression of PCD are mediated by two distinct processes – one through nuclear hormone receptors, and the other independent from de novo gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 3181-3185 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A millimeter-wave interferometer having a capability of concomitant electron temperature measurement, based on the electron cyclotron absorption (ECA) technique, has been developed for divertor diagnostics in JT-60U. Three lines of sight, which pass through the X point horizontally, the inboard divertor and the outboard divertor, are chosen. Two transmitter/receiver units with frequencies of 217 and 183 GHz are employed in order to eliminate the spurious vibration effect using a two color scheme. The two independent units are also arranged to enable two sight line measurements without the vibration compensation. Furthermore, these units allow us to apply the simultaneous ECA diagnostic. Due to the complexity of the transmission line inside the tokamak, the insertion loss is as large as 65 dB. However, the interferometer system can be operated with the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of about 20 dB due to the low equivalent input noise of −90 dB m. The measurements performed for several types of the JT-60U discharges indicate the feasibility of the system and the rapid reduction of the electron density near the X point at the high confinement mode transition is first demonstrated. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 133 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A surface protein antigen (PAc) of Streptococcus mutans, particularly the A-region of the molecule, has been reported to interact with salivary components on the tooth surface. It might be a candidate antigen inducing the production of antibodies against the adherence of S. mutans to the tooth surface. We investigated the effects of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) obtained by immunization of synthetic PAc peptides that completely correspond to the amino acid sequence of part of the A-region. These MoAbs recognize several core B-cell epitopes in the sequence. Two (KH5 and SH2) of these antibodies reacted with both S. mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus, but not with Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus salivarius, Porphyromonas gingivalis or Lactobacillus casei. They clearly inhibited the real-time adherence of S. mutans to salivary components in a biosensor. KH5, which showed a real-time inhibition (71%), also significantly prevented the recolonization of S. mutans on the tooth surface in rats. These results suggested that the core B-cell epitope (-Y---L--Y----) recognized by KH5 was the essential sequence in the antigenic epitopes of PAc protein recognized specifically by the inhibitory antibody. Therefore, the amino acid residues were found to be important in the initial attachment of S. mutans to the tooth surface. These results provide for the mechanism of PAc molecule in the initial attachment of S. mutans on the tooth surface and more effective designs for the removal of S. mutans and S. sobrinus from the oral cavity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: p53 ; Ki-ras ; Gastric carcinoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformational polymorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract With the aim of detecting the timing of p53 and Ki-ras gene alterations in the gastric adenoma-carcinoma sequence, 19 early gastric adenocarcinomas arising from adenomas were studied. Immunohistochemically, 5 adenocarcinomas were positive for p53; 3 focally and 2 diffusely. The p53 point mutations were detected in a focal area with p53 immunoreactivity in 2 of the 5 p53-positive adenocarcinomas. This indicated that p53 point mutations may play a less crucial part in malignant conversion of adenoma to adenocarcinoma in the stomach than in the colon. No Ki-ras gene mutations at codons 12 and 13 were detected in any lesion. These results suggest that the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in the stomach has a different mechanism from that in the colon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Insulin ; insulin-like growth factor ; Bombyx mori ; ovary ; neurosecretory peptide ; Oligotex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Bombyxin is a 5 kDa insulin-related peptide produced in four pairs of medial neurosecretory cells in the brain of the silkmothBombyx mori. We demonstrate here the presence of bombyxin mRNA in tissues other than brain: ganglia, epidermis, testis, ovary, fat body, silk gland, Malpighian tubule, midgut, and hindgut of theBombyx fifth instar larvae. Bombyxin mRNA was detected by Oligotex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), a rapid and simple procedure of reverse transcription-PCR, and in situ hybridization. The Oligotex RT-PCR method effectively eliminated the contaminating DNA in RNA samples and amplified bombyxin mRNA efficiently. In situ hybridization of theBombyx ovary clearly demonstrated the localization of the bombyxin mRNA in the ovariole. The present study is the first demonstration of expression of brain neurosecretory peptide in tissues other than the central nervous system in insects at RNA level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 21 (1997), S. 635-652 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: anisotropic elastic medium ; complete plane-strain problem ; influence function ; stress discontinuity element ; displacement discontinuity element ; Engineering ; Civil and Mechanical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Influence functions, that permit us to determine stresses and displacements at an arbitrary point in an infinite, homogeneous, linear elastic, anisotropic medium due to different three-dimensional (3-D) stress or displacement discontinuities distributed on infinite, flat, band-type elements, are presented. Any straight-line segment on the band, which is perpendicular to its infinite side, has the same distribution of the discontinuities. Along with the functions, their Taylor series approximations are also provided. The last can be useful to analyse stresses and displacements at points distant from the elements. The functions allow us to avoid procedures of numerical integration in the Indirect Boundary Element Method and/or the Displacement Discontinuity Method computer codes that are able to solve complete plane-strain problems with 3-D boundary conditions for an elastic, anisotropic medium. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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