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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication on blood lipids and fibrinogen (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An association between Helicobacter pylori infection and heart disease has been suggested. A potential mechanism may be inflammation-induced atherogenic changes of lipoproteins, but epidemiological studies have provided conflicting results.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:In a prospective multicentre study, 830 patients submitted for endoscopy and H. pylori testing were evaluated. Of the 686 H. pylori-positive patients, 487 received and 199 did not receive eradication treatment. Serum lipids and plasma fibrinogen were measured at baseline in all patients and 3 months later in those initially positive for H. pylori.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results: H. pylori had no influence on baseline lipid or fibrinogen levels. Increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were observed in 368 patients who received eradication treatment and in 193 untreated patients: 0.06 mmol/L (P=0.000) and 0.07 mmol/L (P=0.009), respectively. Similar minor increases in total cholesterol and triglycerides occurred in both groups. Lipid changes were related to symptom relief and a reduction in smoking. Eradication therapy was associated with a minor decrease in plasma fibrinogen irrespective of the resolution of infection.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions: H. pylori has no influence on blood lipids or fibrinogen. Both the eradication of infection and symptomatic treatment without eradication are associated with minor lipid changes related to symptom relief and lifestyle modifications. Thus, the inflammatory changes associated with H. pylori are unlikely to affect lipoprotein or fibrinogen metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01202.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competitive and Temporal Inhibition Structures with Spiking Neurons (2000)
    Springer
    Neural processing letters 11 (2000), S. 197-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-773X
    Keywords: spiking neurons ; competitive processing ; temporal inhibition ; attentional control mechanisms ; bio-inspired neural systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The paper describes the implementation of competitive neural structures based on a spiking neural model that includes multiplicative or shunting synapses enabling non-saturated stable states in response to different stationary inputs as well as controllable transient responses. A VLSI-viable implementation of this model has been previously proposed and tested [1]. It has the possibility of modulating the output spike frequency by an additional input without affecting other neuron variables such as the membrane potential. This feature is exploited in the simulation of a Selective Temporal Inhibition network that is suitable for implementing attentional control systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009611609606
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Obtaining Fault Tolerant Multilayer Perceptrons Using an Explicit Regularization (2000)
    Springer
    Neural processing letters 12 (2000), S. 107-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-773X
    Keywords: backpropagation ; regularization ; multilayer perceptron ; fault tolerance ; mean square sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract When the learning algorithm is applied to a MLP structure, different solutions for the weight values can be obtained if the parameters of the applied rule or the initial conditions are changed. Those solutions can present similar performance with respect to learning, but they differ in other aspects, in particular, fault tolerance against weight perturbations. In this paper, a backpropagation algorithm that maximizes fault tolerance is proposed. The algorithm presented explicitly adds a new term to the backpropagation learning rule related to the mean square error degradation in the presence of weight deviations in order to minimize this degradation. The results obtained demonstrate the efficiency of the learning rule proposed here in comparison with other algorithm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009698206772
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the Functional Block Involved in the Design of Radial Basis Function Networks (2000)
    Springer
    Neural processing letters 12 (2000), S. 1-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-773X
    Keywords: RBF neural networks ; neural networks design ; statistical analysis of RBF ; RBF structures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract The main architectures, learning abilities and applications of radial basis function (RBF) neural networks are well documented. However, to the best of our knowledge, no in-depth analyses have been carried out into the influence on the behaviour of the neural network arising from the use of different alternatives for the design of an RBF (different non-linear functions, distances, number of neurons, structures, etc.). Thus, as a complement to the existing intuitive knowledge, it is necessary to have a more precise understanding of the significance of the different alternatives. In the present contribution, the relevance and relative importance of the parameters involved in such a design are investigated by using a statistical tool, the ANalysis Of the VAriance (ANOVA). In order to obtain results that are widely applicable, various problems of classification, functional approximation and time series estimation are analyzed. Conclusions are drawn regarding the whole set.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009621931185
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of stationary vs ambulatory 24-hour pH monitoring systems in diagnosis og gastroesophageal reflux disease (1993)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 38 (1993), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: esophagus ; gastroesophageal reflux ; pH-metry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-four-hour intraesophageal pH monitoring is presently considered the most reliable diagnostic test for gastroesophageal reflux. Prolonged esophageal pH measurements can be obtained in hospitalized patients with a stationary technique and in ambulant outpatients by means of a portable device; however, there have been no studies that have examined whether the two approaches provide a similar diagnostic accuracy. We performed a prospective study to compare stationary and ambulatory pH-metry in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux. Seventy-seven control subjects and 178 patients with proven gastroesophageal reflux disease were randomized to either ambulant or static pH-metry, which was performed with standard pH electrodes, sensors, and recorders. Reflux events (intraesophageal pH〈4.0) analyzed were: number of episodes; total, upright, and supine reflux time; number of episodes lasting 〉5 min; and duration of the longest episode. A composite score of all reflux events according to DeMeester was also calculated. The limits of normality were defined as the 95th percentiles of the control groups. Both controls and patients assigned to either pH monitoring method were comparable. Of 255 studies attempted, 243 (95%) were completed successfully. The results showed similar median values of reflux events for the two control groups and for the two patients groups. Percent total reflux time provided a good separation between normal and abnormal reflux, with a sensitivity of 0.92 for static pH-metry and 0.68 for the ambulant procedure (respective 95th percentiles, 3.4 and 4.6). The lower sensitivity of ambulatory pH-metry compared to the stationary method could not be attributed to the higher normal limit in the former; circumstantial evidence suggests that dietary restrictions by the patients to minimize symptoms during home monitoring were probably responsible of this relatively high false negative rate. In conclusion, the results confirm the accuracy of stationary pH monitoring in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux and show that the ambulatory procedure is less reliable; its sensitivity could probably be improved by strict dietary standardization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01307537
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-Organization by Temporal Inhibition (SOTI) (2000)
    Springer
    Neural processing letters 12 (2000), S. 199-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-773X
    Keywords: temporal inhibition ; competitive learning ; self-organizing maps ; learning vector quantization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract A model is presented for a neural network with competitive learning that demonstrates the self-organizing capabilities arising from the inclusion of a simple temporal inhibition mechanism within the neural units. This mechanism consists of the inhibition, for a certain time, of the neuron that generates an action potential; such a process is termed Post_Fire inhibition. The neural inhibition period, or degree of inhibition, and the way it is varied during the learning process, represents a decisive factor in the behaviour of the network, in addition to constituting the main basis for the exploitation of the model. Specifically, we show how Post_Fire inhibition is a simple mechanism that promotes the participation of and cooperation between the units comprising the network; it produces self-organized neural responses that reveal spatio–temporal characteristics of input data. Analysis of the inherent properties of the Post_Fire inhibition and the examples presented show its potential for applications such as vector quantization, clustering, pattern recognition, feature extraction and object segmentation. Finally, it should be noted that the Post_Fire inhibition mechanism is treated here as an efficient abstraction of biologically plausible mechanisms, which simplifies its implementation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026532632696
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