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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical and thermal analyses on multilayered thin films of a phase-change optical recording disk (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 1045-1050 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A computer simulation method to study a laser-induced transient temperature profile of a multilayered phase-change optical recording disk (PCORD) has been developed. The simulation program consists of two parts. One part is an optical analysis program based on the optical characteristic matrix method, and the other is a thermal analysis program based on the finite-element method. A new estimation method for thermal conductivity of recording films was proposed. The estimated thermal conductivity of the thin-film recording media was found to be 50% lower than that of the bulk. Reflectivity, absorbance, and temperature values obtained with this simulation method were compared with those measured by a spectrophotometer and an infrared radiation thermometer when the samples were irradiated in an Ar+ laser beam. The accuracy using this simulator was within 8% for reflectivity and absorbance and within 10% for temperature. A method of optimizing the laser-absorbing layer was studied. With this method simulations showed that the PCORD had a maximum contrast ratio and minimum recording time when thickness, thermal conductivity, and complex refractive index of the laser-absorbing film were 60 nm, 4.2×10−3 W/cm °C, and 2.6−i⋅0.0, respectively. This simulation could provide better film designs for PCORDs and the other optical disks of heat mode recording.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344456
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large spontaneous spin splitting in gate-controlled two-dimensional electron gases at normal In0.75Ga0.25As/In0.75Al0.25As heterojunctions (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 8017-8021 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Amounts of spontaneous spin splittings were estimated from low-temperature magnetoresistances in two-dimensional electron gases created at In0.75Ga0.25As/In0.75Al0.25As heterojunctions under a gate bias. Typical sheet electron densities and mobilities in the raw wafers were ∼1.0×1012/cm2 and 2–5×105 cm2/V s at 1.5 K, respectively. A maximum spin-orbit coupling constant αzero of ∼30(×10−12 eV m) was obtained for the van der Pauw sample. In gated Hall-bar samples, a decrease in the αzero value with decreasing gate voltage (Vg) was first confirmed in a normal heterojunction. The main origin for such a large αzero, which is a few times larger than any previously reported, was found to be a structure-dependent so-called interface contribution in the Rashba term. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1362356
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of an ECR ion source for carbon therapy : Papers from the Ninth International Conference on Ion Sources (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 573-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A compact electron cyclotron resonance ion source has been developed for heavy-ion medical facilities. The beam intensity and stability were considerably improved by recent modifications on three points (length of sextupole, cooling system for the extraction electrode, and position of the Einzel lens). Initial results of C4+ beam tests show that an intensity of 180 eμA can be routinely obtained with simple tuning. The best record was 220 eμA for C4+, which meets the medical requirements. Throughout these tests, CH4 gas was used with 0.1 cc/min and the extraction voltage was fixed at 25 kV. Results on beam emittance and long-term stability are also briefly discussed. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1429307
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of ion pumping in a pulsed Penning source : Papers from the Ninth International Conference on Ion Sources (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 720-722 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We recently reported on the first observation of ion-pumping phenomenon in a low-duty pulsed Penning source at the heavy-ion medical accelerator (HIMAC) in Chiba and its effectiveness to produce multiply charged ions [Y. Sato et al., Nucl. Instrum Methods Phys. Res. A 450, 231 (2000)]. In the Penning-ionized gauge ion source (PIGIS) of the HIMAC, the gas flow is not being pulsed, but there is a transient pressure response in the source when the arc is pulsed that permits the production of high-charge-state ions under a reasonably low gas pressure obtained by ion pumping. The best record for Ar8+ is 700 eμA in a peak under a constant gas flow of 0.2 cc/min, an extraction voltage of 24 kV, and a pulsed arc power of 1 kV and 5 A with a duty factor of 0.5% (25 W on average). This yield is higher than those of cw PIGISs by a factor of 100–1000 having a similar design and power (peak). This article gives a brief review for the mechanism and effects of ion pumping in a pulsed PIGIS. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1428779
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of the compact electron cyclotron resonance ion source for heavy-ion therapy : The 8th international conference on ion sources (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 984-986 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Carbon–ion cancer treatment is successfully being made at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC). Design philosophy for the ion sources for medical facilities are as follows: (1) sufficient beam intensity, a few hundred e μA; (2) long lifetime with good stability; (3) easy operation and easy maintenance; and (4) compactness. In order to develop such source for future heavy-ion facilities, we have tested compact electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources using permanent magnets both for axial and radial confinement of hot electrons. Since the yield of C2+ ion in the first developed source (2.45 GHz ECR) was 15 e μA and far below the medical requirement (∼150 e μA for the HIMAC), a new source has been proposed, having a frequency of 10 GHz. The extracted intensity of C4+ (and C2+) ions is expected to be higher than 200 e μA. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150366
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of collision-induced-dipole absorption bands in strontium–rare-gas mixtures. I. The 5s–4d bands (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 4495-4498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reduced absorption coefficients have been measured for the collision-induced-dipole (CID) absorption bands associated with the 5s–4d transition of atomic strontium perturbed by He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Sr. The main CID absorption band, assigned to 5sΣ–4dΣ, extends from the position of the atomic 5s–4d transition towards the shorter-wavelength side for every perturber. For Xe and Kr, an additional small absorption band is seen at the foot of the atomic 5s–4d transition. The former 5sΣ–4dΣ band is interpreted to result from collisional mixing of the 5p state of atomic Sr into the molecular 4dΣ state for small internuclear separations, while the latter band is interpreted to result from the collisional quadrupole (strontium)–dipole (Xe or Kr) interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.456787
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of collision-induced-dipole absorption bands in strontium–rare-gas mixtures. II. Bands involving high-lying states (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 4499-4503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have observed many collision-induced-dipole (CID) absorption bands arising from the transitions between quasimolecular ground and high-lying (n≤10) states in the strontium–rare-gas systems. For each absorption band, we have measured the energy shift of the absorption peak from the energy of the correlating atomic forbidden transition and the effective oscillator strength per unit perturber density fCID/Np. The shift is roughly proportional to the electron scattering length L0 for each rare-gas atom, whereas the fCID/Np is roughly proportional to L20. The shift decreases in general as the principal quantum number n increases, and increases as one goes from the s state to the d state, and to the degenerate manifold state with l≥3. These general features of the shift and fCID/Np are consistent with the predictions by a simple Fermi-potential model, suggesting the important role of the interaction between a Rydberg electron and a rare-gas atom in the CID absorption processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.456788
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-resolution time-of-flight methods for studies on ionic fragmentation of molecules : INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 60 (1989), S. 2193-2196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The design and operation of the time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer developed for ionic photofragmentation studies of molecules is described. Characteristics are summarized for three different operation modes of the TOF spectrometer; a pulse mode, a photoelectron–photoion coincidence mode, and a photoion–photoion coincidence mode. Experimental results for SiH4 are demonstrated as an example for the performance of the apparatus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140819
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Femtosecond real-time probing of the ultrafast energy dissipation in the Hg(63P1)–CO van der Waals interaction (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 461-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have performed the fs pump–probe experiment on the B˜→a˜ nonadiabatic transition in the Hg–CO vdW complex. It is found that the transition occurs near the point where Hg and CO come nearest to each other on the B˜-state surface with a probability of 0.07 for their single encounter. This experiment serves as the first observation of the wave packet dynamics associated with an intermolecular energy flow in the vdW interaction. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481821
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Handy measurement for tongue motion and coordination with laryngeal elevation at swallowing (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  At the oral stage of swallowing, the tongue plays a major role and proper tongue performance is necessary to form the bolus and transfer it to the pharynx. For the present study we built a prototype device for safe and handy objective estimation of tongue motion and coordination with laryngeal elevation at swallowing. The device records tongue pressure by means of two strain gauge pressure transducers aligned 20 mm apart on a brass strap placed along the palatal midline. Laryngeal vibration is recorded with piezo-electric acceleration transducers. Time differences between pressure onset at the anterior and posterior transducers and the first spike from laryngeal vibration are measured. Ten healthy subjects were asked five times to swallow 5 mL of water. Pressure onset at the anterior transducer preceded posterior pressure by 294 ± 164 ms. Given the distance between the transducers, the tongue contracted (squeezed) at a speed of 93 ± 60 mm s−1. Laryngeal vibration occurred 671 ± 175 ms after the onset of anterior pressure. There was considerable variation in these parameters between subjects. Though the data is limited, the device successfully and easily revealed certain aspects of tongue motion and coordination with laryngeal elevation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01077.x
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