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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Mouse Mammary Tumour Virus-Induced Migration of Lymphoid Cells into Lymph Nodes (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 53 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We previously found that Mtv-2+ lymph nodes (LN) implanted into Mtv-2− mice underwent marked hyperplasia owing to the influx of lymphocytes. LN grafts infected with exogenous mouse mammary tumour viruses (MMTV), MMTV(FM) transmitted by FM mice and MMTV-2 produced by Mtv-2, also swelled in MMTV-free recipients. Mtv-3 and Mtv-7 also displayed this capability. Mtv-2-induced LN hyperplasia was earlier in onset and greater in extent when major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II I-E was expressed than unexpressed. Mtv-3-induced LN hyperplasia was suppressed completely by Mtv-3 from a different mouse strain and partially by Mtv-6 slightly different from Mtv-3 in superantigen (SAg) Vβ specificity. LN hyperplasia occurred bidirectionally in LN transplantation between mice carrying Mtv-2 and Mtv-3, which are different SAg Vβ specificity. LN hyperplasia induced by MMTV-2 carrying SAg responsive to Vβ14 alone and MMTV(FM) carrying SAg responsive to Vβ14 and Vβ8.2 was completely but partially suppressed by MMTV(FM) and MMTV-2, respectively. CD4+ T cells were essential for MMTV-induced LN hyperplasia. LN in situ also underwent significant hyperplasia when infected with MMTV. Thus, MMTV SAg may entice circulating lymphocytes into lymphoid organs and contribute to more efficient dissemination MMTV in vivo. Secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC) may not be directly involved in this event.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00899.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of brain swelling with mannitol and perfluorochemicals (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 58 (1981), S. 149-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Brain swelling ; mannitol ; perfluorochemicals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the incomplete cerebral hemisphere infarction in dogs, we have been able to produce brain swelling in all animals after six hours of vascular occlusion followed by recirculation of blood. The current study tested the effects of mannitol, perfluorochemicals (FC), and inhalation of oxygen in various combinations on such brain swelling. 1. Mannitol alone, FC alone, and FC together with oxygen were ineffective. Mannitol together with oxygen was to some extent effective in suppressing brain swelling. 2. Mannitol followed by FC was effective in suppressing brain swelling, and this effectiveness was further enhanced by inhalation of oxygen. 3. Noteworthy is the fact that among these experimental groups, there were animals in which brain swelling was severe, yet extravasation of Evans blue was slight and, contrarily, animals in which brain swelling was slight but extravasation severe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01407122
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systemic and Cerebral Haemodynamics During Craniotomy Under Mild Hypothermia in Patients with Acute Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 142 (2000), S. 1013-1020 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Haemodynamics; cerebral circulation; mild hypothermia; subarachnoid haemorrhage.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary ¶ Background. Mild hypothermia provides cerebral protection against ischaemic insults in various animal models. We compared systemic and cerebral oxygenation between mild hypothermic and normothermic management in 60 patients with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage who underwent clipping of cerebral aneurysms.  Method. The temperature in the pulmonary artery was maintained at 36°C in 28 patients and was reduced to 34°C in 32 patients. Parameters in the systemic and cerebral haemodynamics from pulmonary artery and internal jugular vein catheters were compared between the two groups immediately after the induction of anaesthesia (T1), and just before temporary occlusion or aneurysm clipping (T2).  Findings. Cardiac index, oxygen delivery index, oxygen consumption index, and oxygen saturation of the jugular bulb were significantly lower at T2 in hypothermic group (H) (2.9±0.6 L/min/m2, 400.8±106.3 ml/min·m2, 87.0±14.8 ml/min·m2, 55.2±6.6%, respectively) than in normothermic group (N) (3.7±0.6, 521.0±105.5, 109.9±21.7, 60.9±6.6) (p〈0.05). The arterial lactate and arteriojugular difference in oxygen content were significantly higher in H (2.3±1.3 mmol/L, 6.5±1.5 ml/dl, respectively) than in N (1.7±1.0, 5.6±1.2) (p〈0.05). Arteriojugular differences in carbon dioxide tension and hydrogen ion content were significantly lower at T2 in H (−10.8±2.1 mm Hg, −6.4±1.3 nmol/L, respectively) than in N (−8.9±2.8, −5.3±1.0) (p〈0.05).  Interpretation. The balance between oxygen supply and demand systemically and in the brain may worsen during aneurysm surgery for patients with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage under mild hypothermia. Oxygenation of the brain and the whole body should be monitored closely during this surgery, and adequate circulatory assistance is recommended under mild hypothermia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010070056
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recirculation in the acute period of cerebral infarction: Experimental research on brain swelling and its suppression by using mannitol or glycerol (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 54 (1980), S. 219-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebral infarction ; brain swelling ; mannitol ; glycerol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using our previously published “incomplete cerebral hemispheric infarction model in dogs” (produced by simultaneous ipsilateral occlusions of the anterior cerebral artery at the branching of the ethmoidal artery from its A1 portion, the A2 portion, the internal carotid artery, the posterior communicating artery, the posterior cerebral artery, and the anterior cerebellar artery), two, four, or six hours occlusion of blood flow was undertaken. Observations were then made on the degree of brain swelling following recirculation due to administration of mannitol or glycerol solutions. Furthermore, the leakage of Evans blue was investigated to determine the damage to the blood brain barrier. 1. In the animals given mannitol or glycerol, brain swelling was suppressed, following two hours occlusion. In the animals given mannitol, however, brain swelling was not suppressed after four or six hours occlusion. 2. After two hours occlusion in the animals given mannitol, leakage of Evans blue was slight compared with the untreated group. In the six hours occlusion groups, severe leakage of Evans blue was seen in both the untreated animals and the mannitol-treated animals. After two hours occlusion, in some animals which had been given glycerol, severe leakage of Evans blue was seen, even when there was little brain swelling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01407089
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultraearly surgery of intracranial aneurysms (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 63 (1982), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During the period between 1978 and 1980, 43 patients with cerebral aneurysms were operated on within 48 hours of their last subarachnoid haemorrhage. The operative mortality rate of these cases was 2.3%. Based on our own success and failure in direct operation on ruptured cerebral aneurysms, we discuss our surgical methods and conceptions concerning surgery on ruptured aneurysms in the peracute stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01728871
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of prostacyclin on cerebral vasospasm an experimental study (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 62 (1982), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebral vasospasm ; oxyhaemoglobin ; prostacyclin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Prostacyclin (PGI2), a strong vasodilator of cerebral vessels and potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, was infused intravenously into seven cats after induction of prolonged vasospasm by hourly application of oxyhaemoglobin solution into the subarachnoid space round the basilar artery. PGI2, at a concentration of 50 ng/kg/min, was effective in releasing the vasospasm in the seven cats. It did not produce significant hypotension. This report gives our results and the probable mechanism of action of PGI, in cerebral vasospasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403623
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental study of new cerebral protective substances — functional recovery of severe, incomplete ischaemic brain lesions pretreated with mannitol and fluorocarbon emulsion (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 56 (1981), S. 157-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebral ischaemia ; mannitol ; fluorocarbon emulsion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using the “canine model of complete ischemic brain regulated with a perfusion method” in which it is possible to control the degree of blood flow to a cerebral hemisphere via a perfusion pump, the effects of mannitol (which acts as a free radical scavenger) and fluorcarbon emulsion (FC) (which has 0.1 μm of average particle size and a high oxygen-carrying capacity) on cerebral ischaemia were investigated. After pretreatment with the drugs, blood flow was reduced via the pump to 1/10 the normal state and 1 hour later, return to a normal state allowed. Subsequent changes in electrical activity were observed and the effects of the drugs evaluated. In the control group, no recovery of electrical activity was seen, but in the animals treated with either mannitol or FC, incomplete, yet distinct recovery was apparent. In the animals administered mannitol together with FC, however, marked recovery was evident. These experimental results indicate that the combined administration of mannitol and FC is effective in protecting the brain from cerebral ischaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01407227
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant meningioma of the third ventricle (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 57 (1981), S. 121-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Meningioma ; third ventricle ; computed tomography ; operative procedure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The authors report a rare case of a giant meningioma in the third ventricle operated on by the transcallosal approach following bifrontal craniotomy. The CT findings and the operative procedures are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01665123
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trapped fourth ventricle (1982)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 62 (1982), S. 259-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Trapped fourth ventricle ; arteriovenous malformation ; hydrocephalus ; ventriculo-peritoneal shunting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle which developed after surgery on an arteriovenous malformation is presented with a discussion of the pathogenesis of the trapped fourth ventricle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01403632
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion-weighted MRI and selection of patients for fibrinolytic therapy of acute cerebral ischaemia (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 379-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Ischaemia, cerebral acute ; Fibrinolysis, intra-arterial ; Magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion-weighted
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Treatment of patients with acute cerebral ischaemic events remains controversial. We investigated the reversibility of high signal intensity on diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI after acute local intra-arterial fibrinolysis (LIF) and the feasibility of DW MRI for selecting patients for acute LIF. Nine patients with acute middle cerebral artery embolic occlusion underwent single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and DW MRI followed by acute LIF using tissue plasminogen activator. Recanalisation was observed in all patients, and eight improved clinically. The area of high signal intensity on pretreatment DW MRI was smaller than the low-uptake area on SPECT in all patients, and went on to infarction, as detected by MRI or CT 3 days after onset in all patients. It appears to correlate, at least clinically, with irreversible brain damage. Therefore, acute LIF should not be performed in patients with areas of high signal intensity in the cortex responsible for the symptoms. SPECT remains important, because areas normal on DW MRI with low uptake on SPECT often contribute to functional prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340050904
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