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  • 2000-2004  (10)
  • 1975-1979  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ordered structure in dilute solutions of ionic biopolymers. 1. Preliminary small-angle x-ray scattering study of aqueous solutions of sodium polyacrylate (1979)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 101 (1979), S. 5836-5837 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00513a068
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitric oxide formation in the dog sphincter of Oddi from nitric oxide donors as measured with in vivo micro-dialysis (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 14 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Nitric oxide (NO) is known to play an important role in neurally mediated relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:We investigated whether NO donors, such as nitroglycerin or zwitterionic polyamine/NO, applied into the common bile duct or intravenously, may induce the relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi by producing NO in the anaesthetized dog.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:NO production in the sphincter of Oddi was measured by detecting NO oxidation products (NO2– and NO3–) using micro-dialysis methods.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Zwitterionic polyamine/NO and nitroglycerin applied into the common bile duct induced a marked increase in NO2– but not NO3–, in the sphincter of Oddi. Intravenous infusion of zwitterionic polyamine/NO and nitroglycerin induced little or no increase in NO2– formation. Nitroglycerin infused into either the common bile duct or intravenously administered produced relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi, but zwitterionic polyamine/NO had no effect on the sphincter of Oddi in spite of the increase in NO2– levels.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Locally or systemically applied NO donors induce relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi by producing NO, although their mode of action differs in different analogues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00811.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced airway inflammation and decreased subepithelial fibrosis in interleukin 6-deficient mice following chronic exposure to aerosolized antigen (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Airway inflammation and remodelling are characteristic features of chronic asthma.Objective To elucidate the role of interleukin (IL)-6 in airway responses to chronic antigen exposure.Methods We compared airway inflammation, subepithelial collagen deposition, cytokine mRNA expression, and airway responsiveness between IL-6-deficient and wild-type (WT) mice following sensitization and repeated exposure to ovalbumin (OVA) three times a week for 8 weeks.Results The repeated exposure to OVA induced infiltration of eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes into the airway, and caused thickening of the basement membrane and subepithelial fibrosis. IL-6-deficient mice exhibited more pronounced infiltration of these cells, a thinner basement membrane, and decreased subepithelial fibrosis, compared with WT mice. The repeated OVA exposure increased expression of IL-4, IL-13, eotaxin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and transforming growth factor-β1 mRNA in WT mice. Among these factors, expression of IL-13 and MCP-1 mRNA was further enhanced in IL-6-deficient mice, compared with WT mice. However, both WT and IL-6-deficient mice exhibited similar levels of airway responsiveness to increasing doses of methacholine, even after repeated exposure to OVA.Conclusion These results suggest that IL-6 has dual roles in the chronic phase of asthma: down-regulation of inflammatory cell infiltration and enhancement of airway remodelling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02013.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Longitudinal decline in pulmonary function in atopic cough and cough variant asthma (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective Cough variant asthma and atopic cough are different clinical manifestations of eosinophilic airway inflammation presenting with isolated chronic non-productive cough. The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal change in pulmonary function in cough variant asthma and atopic cough.Methods Longitudinal change in FEV1 was prospectively examined in 20 patients with cough variant asthma, 14 patients with atopic cough and 271 asymptomatic healthy subjects. All were lifetime non-smokers. Of the 20 cough variant asthma patients, 13 were taking long-term inhaled corticosteroid therapy (ICS) (beclomethasone dipropionate 615 ± 58 µg/day) and the other seven were not. Spirometry was taken at first visit, after cough was almost completely relieved on therapy, and at least once every year for 5 or more years afterwards.Results The slope of longitudinal change in FEV1 was not significantly different among cough variant asthma patients (− 0.029 ± 0.007/year), atopic cough patients (− 0.021 ± 0.022/year) and asymptomatic subjects (− 0.028 ± 0.002 L/year). In patients with cough variant asthma, the slope in patients not taking inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) was 0.032 ± 0.007 L/year, which was not significantly different from that in patients taking ICS (− 0.027 ± 0.010 L/year).Conclusion Pulmonary function decline is not greater in cough variant asthma than atopic cough and the normal population, and long-term ICS has no effect on the decline in cough variant asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01658.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leukotriene receptor antagonist, montelukast, can reduce the need for inhaled steroid while maintaining the clinical stability of asthmatic patients (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Oral leukotriene receptor antagonists have been shown to have efficacy in chronic asthma.Objective To determine whether the addition of montelukast could lead to a reduction in inhaled corticosteroid dose without a significant decrease in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR).Methods After a 4-week run-in period, 191 moderate-to-severe asthmatic patients whose asthma had been well controlled with daily inhaled corticosteroid therapy (beclometasone dipropionate 800 to 1600 µg/day), were randomly assigned to one of two treatments – placebo (n = 98) or montelukast 10 mg once daily (n = 93) – for a 24-week, multicentre, double-blind, treatment period. At the beginning of the active treatment period, the daily dose of inhaled corticosteroid was halved in all of the patients. In addition, the inhaled corticosteroid dose was subsequently titrated every 8 weeks, based on PEFR, asthma symptoms and β-agonist use.Results After 8 weeks of a 50% reduction in inhaled corticosteroid use, morning PEFR increased by 5.3 ± 32.3 L/min from baseline in patients receiving montelukast and significantly decreased by 6.9 ± 29.0 L/min in those receiving placebo (P = 0.035). In addition, evening PEFR significantly decreased by 9.8 ± 28.5 L/min (P = 0.003) in the placebo group, but was maintained in the montelukast group. In spite of a subsequent 50% reduction in the inhaled corticosteroid dose every 8 weeks, morning and evening PEFRs were maintained over the 24-week treatment period in the montelukast group; PEFR significantly decreased in the placebo group. There was a significant difference between the two groups with regard to morning PEFR, therapy score and asthmatic score at weeks 8, 16 and 24, as well as evening PEFR at week 8. However, the symptom scores were not significantly different between the two groups or within each group.Conclusion These data suggest that montelukast reduces the need for inhaled corticosteroids while maintaining asthma control over a 24-week period. Therefore, montelukast may be useful for long-term treatment in patients with asthma who require high doses of inhaled corticosteroids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.01440.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of increased cough sensitivity after antigen challenge in guinea pigs (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Increased sensitivity of cough reflex is a fundamental feature of bronchodilator resistant non-productive cough associated with eosinophilic tracheobronchitis. Our hypothesis is that cough sensitivity is increased by airway allergic reaction characterized by airway eosinophilic inflammation. The aim of this study was to elucidate the hypothesis and clarify the characteristics of the increased cough sensitivity.Number of coughs elicited by inhalation of increasing concentrations of capsaicin (10−8, 10−6 and 10−4 m) was counted 24 h after an aerosolized antigen or saline in actively sensitized or non-sensitized (naive) conscious guinea pigs and then bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. The cough response was also measured 1 day before and 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days after an aerosolized antigen challenge in sensitized or naive animals. In addition, effect of procaterol (0.1 mg/kg), atropine (1 or 10 mg/kg), phosphoramidon (2.5 mg/kg) given intraperitoneally 30 min before the capsaicin challenge or capsaicin desensitization on the cough response was examined. Furthermore, the thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor antagonist S-1452 in a dose of 0.01 or 0.1 mg/kg or vehicle (saline) was given intraperitoneally at 24 and 1 h before the measurement of cough response.Number of coughs caused by capsaicin was extremely increased 24 h after an antigen challenge in sensitized guinea pigs compared with a saline or an antigen challenge in naive animals or a saline challenge in sensitized animals. The increased cough response disappeared at 3–7 days after the antigen challenge. Eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained after the measurement of capsaicin-induced coughs, which was performed 24 h after the antigen challenge, were significantly increased in sensitized guinea pigs. The eosinophil count was significantly correlated to the number of capsaicin-induced coughs. Procaterol or atropine did not alter the antigen-induced increase of cough sensitivity, whereas atropine did reduce the cough response in naive animals. Phosphoramidon increased the number of capsaicin-induced coughs in naive guinea pigs but not in sensitized and antigen-challenged animals. Capsaicin desensitization decreased the cough response in both antigen-challenged sensitized guinea pigs and naive animals. S-1452 reduced the antigen-induced increase of cough response in sensitized guinea pigs, but not in naive animals.Airway allergy accompanied with airway eosinophilia induces transient increase in cough sensitivity, which is not mediated by bronchoconstriction. The increased cough sensitivity may result in part from inactivation of neutral endopeptidase and TXA2, one of the inflammatory mediators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.00989.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potentiation of allergic bronchoconstriction by repeated exposure to formaldehyde in guinea-pigs in vivo (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Indoor formaldehyde (FA) might worsen allergies and be an underlying factor for the increasing incidence and severity of asthma; the exact mechanism, however, remains unclear.Objective The present study examined the effects of repeated exposure to FA on methacholine- and antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs in vivo.Methods First, non-sensitized guinea-pigs were transnasally treated with 0.1 or 1.0% FA or saline three times a week for 6 weeks, and increasing concentrations of methacholine (50, 100, and 200 μg/mL) were inhaled at 5-min intervals. Second, guinea-pigs pre-treated with transnasal administration of FA or saline using the same protocol were passively sensitized with anti-ovalbumin (OA) serum 7 days before antigen challenge. Third, guinea-pigs were actively sensitized with OA and pre-treated with transnasal administration of FA or saline using the same protocol. The lateral pressure of the tracheal tube (Pao) was measured under anesthesia and artificial ventilation.Results The antigen-induced increase in Pao in actively sensitized guinea-pigs was significantly potentiated by FA exposure in a dose-dependent manner. The dose–response curve of the methacholine-induced increase in Pao in non-sensitized guinea-pigs or of the antigen-induced increase in Pao in passively sensitized guinea-pigs was not altered by FA exposure. Transnasal administration of FA significantly increased the serum anti-OA homocytotropic antibody titre (IgG) as measured by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in actively sensitized guinea-pigs.Conclusion The results suggest that repeated exposure to FA worsens allergic bronchoconstriction through enhancing antigen sensitization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2003.01826.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of suplatast tosilate, a new type of anti-allergic agent, on airway cough hypersensitivity induced by airway allergy in guinea-pigs (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Cough receptor hypersensitivity is a fundamental feature of some conditions presenting with chronic non-productive cough. Suplatast tosilate, an anti-allergic agent, is a T helper (Th)2 cytokine inhibitor that inhibits the synthesis of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, immunoglobulin (Ig)E production, and local eosinophil accumulation.Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of suplatast on antigen-induced airway cough hypersensitivity and eosinophil infiltration into the airway.Methods Number of coughs elicited by inhalation of increasing concentrations of capsaicin (10−8, 10−6 and 10−4 M) was counted 24 h after an antigen challenge in conscious guinea-pigs and then bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. We investigated the effect of single (before antigen challenge or capsaicin provocation) or repetitive treatment with intraperitoneal suplatast at a dose of 10 or 30 mg/kg on antigen-induced cough hypersensitivity.Results Twenty-four hours after antigen challenge, guinea-pigs developed an increase in cough receptor sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin and eosinophil infiltration in the airways. After a 2-week treatment with suplatast, but not after only a single treatment before antigen challenge or capsaicin provocation, the antigen-induced early phase bronchoconstriction, cough hypersensitivity, and airway eosinophilia were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion These results indicate that suplatast inhibits airway cough hypersensitivity underlying allergic eosinophilic inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01241.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo airway eosinophil accumulation induced by polymyxin-B reduces bronchial responsiveness in guinea pigs (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Chronic desquamative eosinophilic bronchitis and bronchial hyperresponsiveness have been considered essential for bronchial asthma. However, it has not been studied whether airway eosinophils enhance or inhibit bronchial responsiveness in vivo.Objective This study was conducted to elucidate the influence of airway eosinophil accumulation on bronchial responsiveness in vivo.Materials and methods Guinea pigs were transnasally treated with 75 µg/kg of polymyxin-B or vehicle twice a week for a total of 3 weeks. Guinea pigs were surgically cannulated and artificially ventilated 24 h after the last administration of polymyxin-B or vehicle. Ten minutes after the installation of artificial ventilation, ascending doses of methacholine, acetylcholine or histamine were inhaled for 20 s at intervals of 5 min. Subsequent study was conducted 20 min after treatment of 60 mg/kg of indomethacin in the same manner. Final study was conducted in naive guinea pigs after single inhalation of 75 µg/mL of polymyxin B.Results The proportion of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid significantly increased in guinea pigs treated with polymyxin-B compared with vehicle. Bronchial responsiveness to inhaled methacholine, acetylcholine and histamine was significantly decreased by the polymyxin-B treatment. This protective effect induced by polymyxin B was abolished by pretreatment of indomethacin. A significant increase in bronchial responsiveness was observed after a single inhalation of polymyxin B.Conclusion These results suggest that in vivo airway eosinophils may reduce non-specific bronchial responsiveness through inhibitory or bronchoprotective prostanoids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01107.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of an ascidian DEAD-box gene, Ci-DEAD1: specific expression in the germ cells and its mRNA localization in the posterior-most blastomeres in early embryos (2000)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 210 (2000), S. 64-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Ascidian DEAD-box gene ; vasa homologue ; Germ cell lineage ; Germ cell determination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  We isolated DEAD-box genes from three ascidian species (Ciona intestinalis, Ciona savignyi, and Halocynthia roretzi) by polymerase chain reaction methods. We obtained two types from each of C. intestinalis and C. savignyi, and four types from H. roretzi. The first type (DEAD1) belonged to the vasa subfamily, the second type (DEAD2) to the PL10 subfamily, the third type (DEAD3) to the p68 subfamily, and the forth type (DEAD4) did not belong to any of the subfamilies. We further analyzed in detail the expression pattern of C. intestinalis vasa-type gene (Ci-DEAD1) by in situ hybridization. In sections of the ovary and testis, the Ci-DEAD1-specific probe reacted intensely to small germ cells, oogonium, and/or oocyte and spermatogonium and/or spermatocyte, respectively. In whole-mount specimens of juveniles this probe specifically reacted to the primordial germ cells in the gonad rudiment. These gonad-specific expressions were confirmed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction of RNA from various tissues. The transcript was present in unfertilized eggs and in the central cytoplasm of blastomeres until the two-cell stage. During the second cleavage a part of the transcripts moved to the posterior region of embryos and, during early embryogenesis, was localized in the posterior-most blastomeres. In the tailbud, one or two hybridization signals were detected in the caudal endodermal strand. Based on these observations, we propose precursors of primordial germ cells in ascidians.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050012
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