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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 559-569 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Renin ; Angiotensm ; Radioimmunoassay ; Standardisierung der Plasma-Renin-Messung ; Normalwerte der Plasma-Renin-Konzentration beim Menschen ; Renin ; angiotensin ; radioimmunoassay ; standardization of plasma renin measurement ; normal values of human plasma renin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A new method for the measurement of renin in human plasma is described. The method is based on the introduction of the internationally available renin standard of the Medical Research Council (MRC) London, as a calibration system. Thus, some principal disadvantages of methods expressing results in renin reaction velocity (angiotensin generation rate) only are avoided. Both renins, unknown and standard, react with a sheep substrate preparation and are handled identically throughout the whole procedure including the angiotensin I radioimmunoassay (RIA). The plasma renin concentration (PRC) is given in 10−6 MRC-renin units (µU/ml). Results: the renin standard is free of angiotensin, angiotensinases, and angiotensinogen; it is stable on storage. Identical enzyme kinetics are shown for both renins. An interference between endogenous and exogenous substrate could be avoided. The potentially harmful influences of proteins from the enzyme incubation mixture on the RIA dose response curve are shown. The use of an angiotensin I calibration system could be omitted. Using a standard renin dilution from 250–0.9 µU/ml almost the full biological range is covered. When giving an unrestricted diet the preliminary normal values of PRC are 21.9±12.6 µU/ml in recumbent and 40.1±18.8 µU/ml in upright position (n=16,x±s, age 20–35 years). Earlier findings of age-dependancy of PRC were confirmed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine neue Methode zur Messung von Renin in menschlichem Plasma beschrieben. Die Methode basiert auf der Einführung des Renin-Standards des Medical Research Council (MRC), London als Eichsystem und vermeidet damit die prinzipiellen Nachteile von Verfahren, die Renin nur als Angiotensinbildungsgeschwindigkeit erfassen. Prinzip der Methode ist es, Standard- und Plasma-Renin während der Enzymreaktion (mit Schafsubstrat) und während des Angiotensin I-Radioimmunoassays (RIA) identisch zu behandeln. Die Plasma-Renin-Konzentration (PRC) wird in 10−6 MRC-Renineinheiten (µU/ml) angegeben. Ergebnisse: Der Renin-Standard ist stabil und frei von Angiotensin, Angiotensinasen und Angiotensinogen. Er zeigt gleiche Enzymcharakteristika wie Plasma-Renin. Eine Interferenz von endo- und exogenem Substrat konnte vermieden werden. Mögliche, gravierende Störungen des RIA durch Proteine der Enzymreaktionsansätze wurden nachgewiesen. Eine Eichung über einen Angiotensin I-Standard kann vermieden werden. Bei Anwendung einer Standard-Renin-Verdünnung von 0,9–250 µU/ml wird nahezu der gesamte biologische Bereich erfaßt. Unter freier Kost betrugen die vorläufigen Normalwerte für 30–35jährige in Ruhe 21,9±12,6 µU/ml, nach Orthostase 40,1±18,8 µU/ml (x±s,n=16). Frühere Beobachtungen über eine Altersabhängigkeit der PRC wurden bestätigt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 16 (1978), S. 239-246 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 72.40 ; 73
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Indium oxide films doped with tin (ITO-films) have been hf-sputtered from an 80 at-%In2O3/20 at-%SnO2 target onto glass substrates. The sputter atmosphere contained mainly argon (10−2Torr) with addition of oxygen (0≦p O 2≦2·10−2Torr). The sputtered films aren-conductors. The conductivity and density of charge carriers depend on the oxygen content of the sputter gas. They could be varied by two orders of magnitude. In air or in oxygen atmosphere the films oxidize at the surface and for a certain depth beneath the surface, thus decreasing the conductivity. The Hall mobility of the sputtered films is smaller (≈10 cm2V−1 s−1) than one observes at ITO films produced by CVD sparaying or other methods. The conductivity of as sputtered films approached maximum values of about 1000Ώ−1cm−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 24 (1977), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. Electron microscope observations on Thelohania sp. in the shrimp Pandalus jordani support the view that the Golgi complex in Microsporida is a “classical” one, composed of vesicular, vacuolar, and cisternal components. During development of the sporoblast, a portion of the Golgi complex is seen as an electron-dense reticulum enmeshing the core of the polar filament. Associated with the reticulum are electron-dense bodies. The reticulum and “dense bodies,” reported in several previous publications, have not been well understood and have been given a variety of names. The evidence favors the view that these structures have secretory activity in which the reticulum concentrates or synthesizes material, some of which takes the form of membrane-bounded granules. It is suggested that the most appropriate name for the reticulum is “reticulum golgien,” and that the correct name for the “dense bodies” is the standard cytologic term, “secretion granules.” The secretion granules apparently remain in the posterior part of the spore, and may be stored there for some as yet undetermined use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 35 (1979), S. 1285-1287 
    ISSN: 1600-5740
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Internist 41 (2000), S. 563-572 
    ISSN: 1432-1289
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Alter ; Multimorbidität ; Geriatrische „I’s” ; Arzt als Vertrauensperson ; Ausbildung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zum Thema Die Betreuung hochbetagter Menschen in der Praxis durch den niedergelassenen Internisten ist durch eine Vielzahl von Besonderheiten gekennzeichnet: Der alte Patient leidet nicht an einer, sondern meist an einer Reihe von Erkrankungen. Die Erkrankungen zeichnen sich durch eine unspezifische Symptomatik, einen verzögerten Krankheitsverlauf sowie eine verzögerte Genesung aus. Sie führen häufig zu andauernder Bettlägerigkeit und verursachen erhebliche Probleme bei der Versorgung, die das familiäre Umfeld – sofern vorhanden – kaum aufzufangen weiß. Die Betreuung ist kostenintensiv und mit dem Budget des Arztes kaum zu bestreiten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-5196
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Blutalkohol ; Atemalkohol ; Alcotest 7110 Evidential MK III ; BAK/AAK-Quotient ; AAK-Grenzwert im Strafrecht ; Keywords Blood alcohol ; Breath alcohol ; Alcotest 7110 evidential MK III ; Blood/breath alcohol ; quotient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: The Alcotest 7110 Evidential MK III breath analyser calibrated and approved by PTB in Brunswick is a reliable instrument for measuring breath alcohol concentrations. The results obtained from experimental investigations of the variability of the blood alcohol-to-the breath alcohol ratio expressed by the quotient QBlAC/BrAC were basically identical to the theoretical calculations presented by Wehner et al. Based on the results obtained from experimental investigations to establish a factor for converting breath alcohol into blood alcohol concentrations, an opinion of the Bundesgesundheitsamt of 1992 indicated a blood alcohol to breath alcohol ratio of 2.098 ±0.11 rounded to 2.1 as proposed by Schoknecht [17]. The mean value established in the present paper from 455 sample pairs taken at the same time was 2.2. The maximum value was 3.29 and the minimum value was 0.74. The standard deviations were basically identical to the theoretical calculations of Wehner et al. [19]. Theoretically, the quotients established could be used as factors for converting breath alcohol into blood alcohol concentrations. However, due to large variability breath alcohol concentrations should not be converted into blood alcohol concentrations and vice versa in forensic opinions. This seems to be also true for the use of „transformed“ blood alcohol concentrations for back calculation to the time of offence and alleged after-drink. In particular, as a breath alcohol limit value relevant to criminal law cannot be calculated by a simple multiplication operation, solid research into the physiological and traffic-medical foundations as well as experiments are required to provide a reliable solution.
    Notes: Mit dem Alcotest 7110 Evidential MK III, durch die PTB in Braunschweig zugelassen und geeicht, steht ein hochwertiges Gerätesystem zur Messung der Alkoholkonzentration in der Ausatemluft zur Verfügung. Der Umrechnungsfaktor von Atem- in Blutalkoholkonzentrationen wurde von Schoknecht [17] im Gutachten des Bundesgesundheitsamtes 1992 experimentell als BAK/AAK-Quotient mit 2,098 ±0,11 bestimmt und auf 2,1 gerundet. Der Mittelwert von 455 zeitgleichen Wertepaaren der vorliegenden Arbeit lag bei 2,2. Der Maximalwert betrug 3,29, der Minimalwert 0,74. Die Streubreite stimmte im Wesentlichen mit den theoretischen Berechnungen von Wehner et al. [19] überein. Die gefundenen Quotienten wären theoretisch als Umrechnungsfaktoren von AAK in BAK denkbar. Aufgrund der sehr großen Variabilität sollte aber grundsätzlich in forensischen Gutachten eine Transformation von AAK in BAK und umgekehrt nicht erfolgen. Demzufolge erscheint auch eine Rückrechnung mit „transformierten” BAK-Werten oder die Berücksichtigung von angegebenem Nachtrunk nicht möglich. Insbesondere ist ein strafrechtsrelevanter AAK-Grenzwert auch nicht durch einfache Multiplikation zu errechnen, sondern bedarf einer breiten experimentellen psycho-physiologischen und verkehrsmedizinischen Grundlagenforschung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 16 (1978), S. 381-390 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 73 ; 72.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Indium-tin-oxide films (ITO films) sputtered in Ar-atmosphere with and without addition of oxygen reveal an irreversible increase in conductivity during annealing in vacuum. This annealing process increases drastically the density of free electrons, while the Hall mobility changes only slightly. Below the annealing temperature the temperature dependence of the conductivity is reversible. In films with low density of free electrons, which behave like non-degenerated semiconductors, two activation energies for the mobility could be found. The irreversible changes, observed during annealing in the vacuum, are explained by diffusion of oxygen from the interior of the film to the surface, followed by desorption of the oxygen from the surface into the vacuum. The excess oxygen in the non-stoichiometric films plays the role of electron traps. The irreversible effects during annealing in the vacuum are partly reversible in the long run. If the annealed films are exposed to oxygen or air their conductivity decreases because of diffusion of oxygen from the surface into the film.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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