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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Gerodontology 20 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1741-2358
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the influence of age and denture use on the size of arches and residual ridges in edentulous patients. Design: At two nursing homes, maxillary and mandibular stone casts of 302 fully edentulous patients were utilized to measure the size of the arches and residual ridges, according to age and use of complete dentures. Age cohorts were divided into three groups; 60–69, 70–79, and 80–89 years old. Two hundred and forty-nine denture wearers used complete dentures for at least 2 years before examinations. Fifty-three non-denture users had never worn removable prostheses. Chi-square analysis (p〈0.05) was used to establish the possible relations between the linear values and the size indexes of the ridges and arches and the two examined parameters: age and denture wear. Results: Young old patients possessed edentulous structures that were not significantly larger than elderly old patients in both the maxilla and the mandible. Non-denture users had significantly bigger arches and ridges in both edentulous jaws than denture users. Conclusions: Young old, non-denture users tended to have bigger residual edentulous tissues compared to elderly old patients who used complete dentures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 3194-3196 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spectroscopic ellipsometry is applied to determine the oxidation resistance of TiN and CrN coatings. This technique proves to provide accurate measurements of the oxide layer thickness in a convenient, fast, and nondestructive manner. The magnetron-sputtered thin films were heated in air in the temperature range between 673 and 925 K. The verification with scanning electron microscopy and x-ray reflectometry shows an excellent agreement between these complementary techniques. The rate constant k of the oxidation is directly related to the film morphology in TiN thin films. While understoichiometric films with a dense fine-grained structure exhibit a moderate k of 4 nm2/s at 773 K, overstoichiometric films with a pronounced columnar structure oxidized over seven times faster. The nonstoichiometry in TiNy and CrNy leads to a reduced activation energy for oxidation compared to stoichiometric compounds. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Indoor air 13 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0668
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 10 (1969), S. 85-106 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les paramètres des réseaux cristallins de plusieurs composés trivalents des terres rares LnX (X=P, As et Sb) ont été mesurés de la température ambiante à celle de l'hélium liquide. Au-dessous de leur température de Néel, ces cristaux antiferromagnétiques ou ferrimagnétiques ont une cellule primitive déformée par rapport à la cellule cubique à faces centrées du type NaCl, à température ambiante. Les composés de l'ion Tb3+ se contractent le long d'une direction trigonale (TbSb:Δα=8′) et ceux de Nd3+, Dy3+ et Ho3+, le long d'une direction tétragonale (DySb: (a−c)/a=7‰). Au moyen de la technique des opérateurs équivalents, la décomposition en termes du multiplet fondamental des ions Ln3+ est calculée dans les champs octaédriques déformés. Les distorsions mesurées, de l'ordre de quelques ‰ provoquent un abaissement du niveau fondamental. Sur la base du modèle des charges ponctuelles, le gain d'énergie produit par la déformation est de l'ordre de 10% de la décomposition totale dans le champ cubique.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Gitterkonstanten und die Strukturänderungen einiger dreiwertiger Verbindungen Seltener Erden vom Typ LnX (X=P, As und Sb) wurden zwischen Zimmertemperatur und der Temperatur des flüssigen Heliums gemessen. Unterhalb der antiferromagnetischen bzw. ferrimagnetischen Ordnungstemperatur beobachtet man eine anisotrope Verzerrung der Elementarzelle, und zwar eine Kontraktion in der trigonalen Richtung bei den Tb-Verbindungen, und in der tetragonalen Richtung bei denjenigen Verbindungen, die Nd, Dy und Ho enthalten. Mit Hilfe der Methode der Operatoräquivalenz werden die Energieniveaus des Grundmultiplets der SE-Ionen in einem deformierten oktaedrischen Kristallfeld berechnet. Obwohl die relative Gitterverzerrung nur einige 10−3 beträgt, kann die Änderung der Kristallfeldaufspaltung bis 10% betragen und so vergleichbar mit der Deformationsenergie werden.
    Notes: Abstract The crystal lattice parameters of some trivalent compounds of the Rare Earth LnX (X represents one of the elements P, As or Sb) have been measured between room temperature and liquid Helium temperature. The rocksalt structure of these antiferromagnetic crystals undergoes an anisotropic distortion at the Néel point. The Tb3+ compounds shrink along a trigonal direction and those with Nd3+, Dy3+ or Ho3+ along a tetragonal axis. These shrinkages are of the order of a few parts per thousand. This perturbation of the crystal field potential lowers the ground state energy level in the J-multiplet of the magnetic ion. The level splitting in distorted octahedral fields is calculated with the operator equivalent technique and the eigenvalues are expressed as a function of a distortion parameter. The measured distortions cause changes which are about 10% of the over-all-splitting of the J-multiplet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 71.45.Lr Charge-density-wave systems – 72.15.Nj Collective modes (e.g., in one-dimensional conductors) – 62.30.+d Mechanical and elastic waves; vibrations – 62.40.+i Anelasticity, internal friction, stress relaxation, and mechanical resonances
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We report on measurements of the voltage dependence of the complex shear compliance of two crystals of the charge-density-wave (CDW) conductor NbSe3, for torsional frequencies between 1 Hz and 71 Hz. For both samples, there is a frequency independent, ∼1% increase of the magnitude of the compliance when the voltage exceeds the threshold for CDW depinning, but the internal friction has a striking sample dependence which we do not understand. For one sample, there is a frequency independent decrease in internal friction with CDW depinning, suggesting that the elastic changes are not relaxational and might reflect changes in the screening of the crystal strain by the CDW. For the second sample, the sign and magnitude of the change in internal friction is strongly frequency dependent, which we associate with a change in screening due to the finite electron diffusion time. The second sample also exhibits a frequency dependent peak in internal friction near threshold that may reflect relaxation of the CDW phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 71.45.Lr Charge-density-wave systems – 65.40.Ba Heat capacity – 64.70.Kb Solid solid transitions – 64.70.Pf Glass transitions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Specific heats of the charge-density-wave compounds o-TaS3 and (TaSe4)2I have been measured over the wide temperature interval 10 K-300 K. Both systems exhibit strong non-Debye behavior. Very weak and broad anomalies are observed at the Peierls transition temperatures. For o-TaS3, the change in the curvature of the specific heat occurs at temperature of 40 K where glass transition has been deduced from dielectric measurements, and an extended scaling analysis suggests that the glass transition is associated with a dynamical cross over in length scales. We briefly discuss the characteristics and physical origins of the anomalies at both the Peierls and glass transitions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 10 (1969), S. 71-84 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La mesure des paramètres des réseaux cristallins des semi-conducteurs ferromagnétiques EuO et EuS, à basse température, révèle que le volume de ces cristaux est réduit de 3, respectivement de 1,2‰, lorsqu'ils sont refroidis au-dessous de leur température de Curie. Cette contraction est attribuée à la magnétostriction d'échange et la variation relative de volume est proportionnelle à la fonction de corrélation des spins. Dans l'approximation du champ moléculaire, cette interaction magnétoélastique peut être représentée par la relationT C=T 0[1+β(V−V 0/V 0]. Pour EuO et EuS, les valeurs du paramètre d'interaction magnétoélastiqueβ sont respectivement −3,5 et −6,4, en accord avec les valeurs dérivées des mesures du point de Curie en fonction de la pression. Aucune anomalie d'expansion thermique n'a été décelée dans les combinaisons EuSe et EuTe.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Messung der Gitterparameter der ferromagnetischen Halbleiter EuO und EuS bei tiefen Temperaturen zeigt, daß unterhalb der Curietemperatur eine Volumenkontraktion von 3 bzw. 1,2‰ auftritt. Die der spontanen Magnetostriktion zugeschriebene Volumenabnahme ist proportional zur Spinkorrelationsfunktion. In der Molekularfeldnäherung wird diese magnetoelastische Wechselwirkung durch das VerhältnisT C=T 0[1+β(V−V 0)/V 0] beschrieben. Für EuO und EuS sind die Werte des magnetoelastischen Parametersβ gleich −3,5 bzw. −6,4 und stimmen mit den Werten überein, die aus den Messungen der Druckabhängigkeit des Curiepunktes bestimmt wurden. Sowohl in EuSe als auch in EuTe wurden keine Anomalien der Gitterparameter gefunden.
    Notes: Abstract X-ray measurements as a function of the temperature of the crystal lattice parameters of EuO and EuS reveal a volume reduction of 0.3% and 0.12%, respectively, when these crystals are cooled through the Curie temperature. This contraction can be assigned to the exchange-striction and the relative volume variation is proportional to the spin correlation function. Within the molecular field approximation, this magnetoelastic interaction is described by the relationT C=T 0[1+β(V−V 0)/V 0]. For EuO and EuS the values of the magnetoelastic interaction parameterβ are −3.5 and −6.4, respectively, in agreement with the values derived from measurements of the pressure dependence of the Curie temperature. No anomaly of the expansion coefficient has been detected in the EuSe and EuTe compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental modeling and assessment 5 (2000), S. 75-81 
    ISSN: 1573-2967
    Keywords: modified Gaussian model ; in situ measurements ; model evaluation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a mathematical model of local pollutant dispersion designed to compute the concentration field above and around the Marcoule nuclear site. The model is based on integrating the classical turbulent diffusion equation, corrected (prior to integration) by experimental wind tunnel data obtained for a scaled-down model of the site. The computed results are compared with full-scale experimental observations at Marcoule in the case of neutral atmosphere. A comparison with the standard Gaussian model is also made. Finally, a critical analysis of the model is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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