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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High harmonics generated due to the scattering of relativistic electrons from high intensity laser light is studied. The experiments are carried out with an Nd:Glass laser system with a peak intensity of 2×1018 W cm−2 in underdense plasma. It is shown that, at high intensities, when the normalized electric field approaches unity, in addition to the conventional atomic harmonics from bound electrons there is significant contribution to the harmonic spectrum from free electrons. The characteristic signatures of this are found to be the emission of even order harmonics, linear dependence on the electron density, significant amount of harmonics even with circular polarization and a much smaller spatial region over which these harmonics are produced as compared to the atomic case. Imaging of the harmonic beam shows that it is emitted in a narrow cone with a divergence of 2 to 3 degrees. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 8541-8544 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ag2O particles of sizes varying from 6.0 to 16 nm have been prepared by a chemical method. These have been subjected to a heat treatment at temperatures varying from 533 to 623 K. The optical absorption spectra of the heat treated particles dispersed on a glass substrate have been delineated. The absorption peak shows a maximum in wavelength as a function of heat treatment temperature. This has been explained on the basis of formation of nanometer-sized silver layer on the Ag2O particles and the consequential electron confinement within the same. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 589-590 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We present a simple method of preparing a "calibration standard" of nanometer order for the height calibration of z piezo scanner used in scanning probe microscopes. The calibration standard can be accurately characterized using the grazing incidence x-ray reflectivity technique. This method enables one to calibrate displacement/voltage (Å/V) of the z piezo scanner with Angstrom resolution. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 540-542 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report x-ray reflectivity and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analysis of several silicon oxynitride films of 4.0 nm thick as a function of nitrogen concentration at the interface between the oxide and the Si substrate. The x-ray reflectivity data have been analyzed using a model-dependent matrix method, and the results were compared with the model-independent method based on the distorted wave Born approximation and Fourier inversion refinement technique based on the Born approximation. Limitation of each of these techniques is also discussed. The x-ray reflectivity analysis of the films reveals the existence of high electron density at the region where nitrogen accumulation has been observed. Nitrogen accumulation has been observed using dual-beam time-of-flight-SIMS. The results of x-ray reflectivity have been compared with the results of SIMS. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 5997-6001 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is important to understand the distribution of recoil-implanted atoms and the impact on device performance when ion implantation is performed at a high dose through surface materials into single crystalline silicon. For example, in ultralarge scale integration impurity ions are often implanted through a thin layer of screen oxide and some of the oxygen atoms are inevitably recoil implanted into single-crystalline silicon. Theoretical and experimental studies have been performed to investigate this phenomenon. We have modified the Monte Carlo ion implant simulator, UT-Marlowe (B. Obradovic, G. Wang, Y. Chen, D. Li, C. Snell, and A. F. Tasch, UT-MARLOWE Manual, 1999), which is based on the binary collision approximation, to follow the full cascade and to dynamically modify the stoichiometry of the Si layer as oxygen atoms are knocked into it. CPU reduction techniques are used to relieve the demand on computational power when such a full cascade simulation is involved. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) profiles of oxygen have been carefully obtained for high dose As and BF2 implants at different energies through oxide layers of various thicknesses, and the simulated oxygen profiles are found to agree very well with the SIMS data. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 4717-4724 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on the electron transport properties of simple orthorhombically strained silicon studied by density-functional theory and Monte Carlo simulation. The six degenerate valleys near X points in bulk silicon break into three pairs with different energy minima due to the orthorhombic strain. The degeneracy lifting causes electron redistribution among these valleys at low and intermediate electric fields. Thus the drift velocity is enhanced under an electric field transverse to the long axis of the lowest valleys. Orthorhombically strained layers should be of interest in vertical SiGe-based heterostructure n-channel–metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistors. The simple orthorhombically strained Si grown on a Si0.6Ge0.4 sidewall has a low-field mobility almost twice that of bulk Si and an electron saturation velocity approximately 20% higher. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical & engineering data 9 (1964), S. 17-19 
    ISSN: 1520-5134
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 3075-3077 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ultrathin SiO2 film was thermally grown on Si(001) substrate by dry oxidation and wet oxidation processes. The films were then subjected to thermal annealing (TA) at 1000 °C for 30 min. The structural characterization of the as-grown and the TA samples was carried out using the grazing incidence x-ray reflectivity technique. The analysis of the x-ray reflectivity data was carried out by using a model independent formalism based on the distorted wave Born approximation for obtaining the electron density profile (EDP) of the film as a function of depth. The EDP of both films show a decrease in the electron density as well as an increase in their thickness when the films are subjected to TA. It has also been observed that the total number of electrons is conserved in the oxide film after TA. Our analysis of the x-ray reflectivity data indicates that the SiO2 film swells and its interface with the substrate modifies upon TA. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 502-504 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the electrical properties of a high dielectric constant (high-k) material, ZrO2, deposited directly on SiGe, without the use of a Si buffer layer or a passivation barrier. ZrO2 thin films of equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) down to 16.5 Å were deposited on strained SiGe layers by reactive sputtering. Results indicate that ZrO2 films on SiGe have good interfacial properties and low leakage currents. Sintering in forming gas at 350 °C for 1 h could further improve the film quality. Although threshold voltage stability and dielectric dispersion become a concern for thick ZrO2 films, thin ZrO2 films of EOT less than 20 Å exhibit excellent electrical properties making them a good candidate for SiGe applications. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 512-514 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the effect of plasma treatment on TiN films in N2/H2 atmosphere grown by chemical vapor deposition. The physical parameters and chemical evolution of the film as a function of duration of plasma treatment was studied using grazing incidence x-ray reflectivity (GIXR). From the analysis of GIXR we obtained the electron density profile of the film as a function of its depth. The GIXR data were analyzed using matrix method and distorted wave Born approximation scheme. Comparison of both the analysis schemes gives proper interpretation of the parameters obtained. The results obtained from the analysis of x-ray reflectivity data are supported by time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy depth profiling. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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