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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of retail and distribution management 31 (2003), S. 518-528 
    ISSN: 0959-0552
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reviews the academic and practitioner literature on retail operations and identifies five core elements of retail operations. Proposes a method by which managers can examine ways of improving their operations by the use of a modified cause-effect technique. Provides worked examples of the technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Consequences of initial spatial organisation of model fungal communities upon their spatio-temporal development were investigated. Dynamics of prescribed two- and three-species ‘communities’ developing on tessellated agar tile model systems were analysed in terms of literal maps, principal component analyses, or as the proportion of species extant within tiles. It was established that for two-species interactions of equal patch size, large-scale (i.e. many constituent tiles) behaviour could be extrapolated from the relevant small-scale (i.e. pairs of tiles) interactions. However, relative patch sizes (scale) of species within tessellations influenced the times taken by individuals to colonise tiles and, hence, temporal behaviour of the system. Outcome of arrangements involving three species of equal patch size and inoculum potential, and prescribed with different mixing patterns, could not be directly extrapolated by reference to the outcome of pair-wise interactions between constituent species. Three-species arrangements attempt to limit assembly of lateral aggregates of individuals (patch size) and hence any effects of tile colonisation times, so as to reveal effects of nearest neighbour context within the complex community. Such arrangements indicate that spatial configuration of inoculum influences community development and reproducibility. They also suggest that spatial distribution of species affects persistence of individuals, which would otherwise be expected to be eliminated from the system. Two-species interactions appeared generally more reproducible than those comprising three species, and the sensitivity of fungal community development to temperature was not solely associated with influence on colony extension rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 4202-4210 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The current carried by a steady-state, finite-width beam produced by space-charge-limited emission in two-dimensional parallel plate geometry is known to diverge strongly from estimates based on the classic one-dimensional Child–Langmuir problem. The two-dimensional problem presents formidable analytic difficulties, but a numerical approach to this problem has been developed. The approach simultaneously determines the electrostatic potential and the unknown current density profile. Calculations show that the total current is a function of the dimensionless ratio of beam width (w) to anode–cathode gap (d), but that the current density profile varies with both w and d separately. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 4319-4322 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The collection or acquisition of dynamic data from elements that are rotating (e.g., gearing system, axle, engine propeller, and machine tool spindle) is a significant challenge in many engineering applications. Both contacting and remote telemetry-based methods have been employed to provide a data bridge between the rotating and stationary reference frames, however these methods suffer from several difficulties. A new method for the transmission of signals from the transducers on a rotating element is presented. Infrared light emitting diodes (LEDs) are placed on the circumference of the shaft or the end of it. Externally mounted photodiodes receive a frequency modulated light from the LEDs. Signal multiplexing enables multiple-channel signal transmission to be realized. The properties of the instrument are as follows: dynamic maximum frequency of 50 kHz, static sine distortion degree less than 1%, dynamic channel isolation of −40 dB, dynamic linear error less than 1%, and static/dynamic gains of 50–200. The proposed method has been validated through experiments performed on a prototype optical signal transmission system. Experimental results show excellent agreement with theoretical calculations. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The objective of this research was to evaluate the outcomes and costs of alternative approaches to managing patients previously treated for peptic ulcer disease and Helicobacter pylori infection.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Materials and Methods.A decision-analytic model was used to compare (1a) urease breath testing (UBT) for assessment of H. pylori status versus (1b) observation without further testing or treatment, among patients who were symptom-free following initial antimicrobial and antisecretory therapy for endoscopically demonstrated ulcer and H. pylori infection; and (2a) UBT versus (2b) repeat endoscopy with H. pylori testing, and versus (2c) repeat antimicrobial and antisecretory therapy without further testing, among patients who remained symptomatic following initial therapy.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results.Among patients who were symptom free after initial therapy, 6.1% receiving UBT had symptomatic ulcer at one year, compared to 18.2% of those simply observed. The expected first-year cost per symptom-free patient following initial therapy was $591 for UBT compared to $480 for observation. Among patients with persistent symptoms after initial therapy, 21% receiving repeat therapy had symptomatic ulcer at one year, compared to 23.8% receiving repeat endoscopy, and 23.3% receiving UBT. Corresponding medical costs per patient were, respectively, $766, $1787 and $1122.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions.The optimal approach to managing patients following initial treatment for ulcer and H. pylori infection depends on symptom status following initial therapy. For symptomatic patients, the preferred approach is to prescribe a repeat course of antimicrobial and antisecretory therapy. For patients without symptoms following initial therapy, UBT is the preferred approach because it is associated with a threefold lower risk of symptomatic ulcer at one year, although it costs an additional $110 per patient, compared with observation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. Identification of the immunoreactive proteins of Helicobacter pylori is important for the development of both diagnostic tests and vaccines relating to the organism. Our aim was to determine whether there are significant differences between human IgG and IgA reactivities to individual H. pylori proteins, and whether patterns of immunoreactivity are sustained across different strains of H. pylori.Method. The total complement of protein from seven strains of H. pylori was resolved by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Proteins were transferred electrophoretically onto polyvinylene difluoride (PVDF) membranes, which were probed with sera pooled either from H. pylori-infected patients, or noninfected (control) patients. Highly immunoreactive proteins were detected using chromogenic enzyme-antibody conjugates recognising either serum IgG or IgA. These proteins were then characterised by tryptic peptide-mass fingerprinting using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).Results. Highly immunoreactive proteins were detected which were common to all seven strains, and recognised by both immunoglobulin subclasses. The proteins appear to be localised in five groups. Protein analysis established that these groups encompass multiple isoforms of chaperonin HspB (two subgroups); urease β-subunit UreB; elongation factor EF-Tu; and flagellin FlaA. The pattern of highly immunoreactive proteins was strongly conserved across the seven strains.Conclusion. These results suggest that within a tightly defined region on the H. pylori proteome map there are five groups of proteins that are highly reactive to both IgG and IgA. Our analysis suggests it is unlikely that the highly immunoreactive clusters harbour any significant proteins other than isoforms of HspB, UreB, EF-Tu and FlaA, and that, with the partial exception of FlaA, these clusters are strongly conserved across all seven strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Restoration ecology 8 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Populations of the rare annual forb Amsinckia grandiflora may be declining because of competitive suppression by exotic annual grasses, and may perform better in a matrix of native perennial bunchgrasses. We conducted a field competition experiment in which Amsinckia seedlings were transplanted into forty 0.64-m2 experimental plots of exotic annual grassland or restored perennial grassland. The perennial grassland plots were restored using mature 3 cm-diameter plants of the native perennial bunchgrass Poa secunda planted in three densities. The exotic annual grassland plots were established in four densities through manual removal of existing plants. Both grass types reduced soil water potential with increasing biomass, but this reduction was not significantly different between grass types. Both grass types significantly reduced the production of Amsinckia inflorescences. At low and intermediate densities (dry biomass per unit area of 20–80 g/m2), the exotic annual grasses reduced Amsinckia inflorescence number to a greater extent than did Poa, although at high densities (〉90 g/m2) both grass types reduced the number of Amsinckia inflorescences to the same extent. The response of Amsinckia inflorescence number to Poa biomass was linear, whereas the same response to the annual grass biomass is logarithmic, and appeared to be related to graminoid cover. This may be because of the different growth forms exhibited by the two grass types. Results of this research suggest that restored native perennial grasslands at intermediate densities have a high habitat value for the potential establishment of the native annual A. grandiflora.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Boston, USA and Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishers Inc.
    Risk analysis 21 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: This article describes the development of a generic loss assessment methodology, which is applicable to earthquake and windstorm perils worldwide. The latest information regarding hazard estimation is first integrated with the parameters that best describe the intensity of the action of both windstorms and earthquakes on building structures, for events with defined average return periods or recurrence intervals. The subsequent evaluation of building vulnerability (damageability) under the action of both earthquake and windstorm loadings utilizes information on damage and loss from past events, along with an assessment of the key building properties (including age and quality of design and construction), to assess information about the ability of buildings to withstand such loadings and hence to assign a building type to the particular risk or portfolio of risks. This predicted damage information is then translated into risk-specific mathematical vulnerability functions, which enable numerical evaluation of the probability of building damage arising at various defined levels. By assigning cost factors to the defined damage levels, the associated computation of total loss at a given level of hazard may be achieved. This developed methodology is universal in the sense that it may be applied successfully to buildings situated in a variety of earthquake and windstorm environments, ranging from very low to extreme levels of hazard. As a loss prediction tool, it enables accurate estimation of losses from potential scenario events linked to defined return periods and, hence, can greatly assist risk assessment and planning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  In routine practice, the evaluation of breast excisional biopsy specimens is assisted by the use of various tissue marking inks to delineate surgical margins and preserve tissue orientation. These inks may simulate microcalcifications in specimen and tissue block radiographs. The magnitude of this problem is studied by systematically identifying the factors leading to the creation of this artifact. Samples of fresh tissue from breast reduction mammaplasties were painted separately with fresh wet ink and ink mixed with dried powdery residue. Black India ink and commercial colored tissue inks (the Davidson Marking System) were tested. The painted tissues were radiographed before and after routine paraffin embedding. Routine histologic sections were obtained from each tissue block for microscopic examination. Compared with unmarked controls, samples inked with blue, green, and red inks containing powdery residues showed radiopaque artifacts on radiographs prior to tissue processing. Only the sample marked with red ink showed residual radiopaque artifacts after processing. Microscopically the dried red ink particles were readily distinguishable from microcalcifications on the tissue sections. On the tissue radiographs, the dried ink artifacts were indistinguishable from true microcalcifications. This study demonstrates that some tissue marking inks used in the pathology laboratory are radiopaque. Inks contaminated with particles of dried residue, often present on ink container lids, may appear as artifacts mimicking microcalcifications on specimen and tissue block radiographs, occasionally complicating the histologic localization of mammographically demonstrated microcalcifications. Tissue marking inks should be tested for radiopacity prior to use on breast biopsies. Ink containers should be checked frequently for buildup of dried residue. 
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1524-475X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Transfection of wounds with DNA-encoding growth factors has the potential to improve healing, but current means of nonviral gene delivery are inefficient. Repeated high doses of DNA, necessary to achieve reliable gene expression, are detrimental to healing. We assessed the ability of in vivo electroporation to enhance gene expression. Full-thickness cutaneous excisional wounds were created on the dorsum of female mice. A luciferase- encoding plasmid driven by a CMV promoter was injected at the wound border. Following plasmid administration, electroporative pulses were applied to injection sites. Pulse parameters were varied over a range of voltage, duration, and number. Animals were euthanized at intervals after transfection and the luciferase activity measured. Application of electric pulses consistently increased luciferase expression. The electroporative effect was most marked at a plasmid dose of 50 µg, where an approximate tenfold increase was seen. Six 100-µs-duration pulses of 1750 V/cm were found to be the most effective in increasing luciferase activity. High numbers of pulses tended to be less effective than smaller numbers. This optimal electroporation regimen had no detrimental effect on wound healing. We conclude that electroporation increases the efficiency of transgene expression and may have a role in gene therapy to enhance wound healing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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