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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATIONS IN FOREST STREAMS OF THE UNITED STATES (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 40 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Seventy to eighty percent of the water flowing in rivers in the United States originates as precipitation in forests. This project developed a synoptic picture of the patterns in water chemistry for over 300 streams in small, forested watersheds across the United States. Nitrate (NO3−) concentrations averaged 0.31 mg N/L, with some streams averaging ten times this level. Nitrate concentrations tended to be higher in the northeastern United States in watersheds dominated by hardwood forests (especially hardwoods other than oaks) and in recently harvested watersheds. Concentrations of dissolved organic N (mean 0.32 mg N/L) were similar to those of NO3∼, whereas ammonium (NH4+) concentrations were much lower (mean 0.05 mg N/L). Nitrate dominated the N loads of streams draining hardwood forests, whereas dissolved organic N dominated the streams in coniferous forests. Concentrations of inorganic phosphate were typically much lower (mean 12 mg P/L) than dissolved organic phosphate (mean 84 mg P/L). The frequencies of chemical concentrations in streams in small, forested watersheds showed more streams with higher NO3− concentrations than the streams used in national monitoring programs of larger, mostly forested watersheds. At a local scale, no trend in nitrate concentration with stream order or basin size was consistent across studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb01586.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary production and carbon allocation in relation to nutrient supply in a tropical experimental forest (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 9 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Nutrient supply commonly limits aboveground plant productivity in forests, but the effects of an altered nutrient supply on gross primary production (GPP) and patterns of carbon (C) allocation remain poorly characterized. Increased nutrient supply may lead to a higher aboveground net primary production (ANPP), but a lower total belowground carbon allocation (TBCA), with little change in either aboveground plant respiration (APR) or GPP. Alternatively, increases in nutrient supply may increase GPP, with the quantity of GPP allocated aboveground increasing more steeply than the quantity of GPP allocated belowground. To examine the effects of an elevated nutrient supply on the C allocation patterns in forests, we determined whole-ecosystem C budgets in unfertilized plots of Eucalyptus saligna and in adjacent plots receiving regular additions of 65 kg N ha−1, 31 kg P ha−1, 46 kg K ha−1, and macro- and micronutrients. We measured the absolute flux of C allocated to the components of GPP (ANPP, TBCA and APR), as well as the fraction of GPP allocated to these components.Fertilization dramatically increased GPP. Averaged over 3 years, GPP in the fertilized plots was 34% higher than that in the unfertilized controls (3.95 vs. 2.95 kg C m−2 yr−1). Fertilization-related increases in GPP were allocated entirely aboveground – ANPP was 85% higher and APR was 57% higher in the fertilized than in the control plots, while TBCA did not differ significantly between treatments. Carbon use efficiency (NPP/GPP) was slightly higher in the fertilized (0.53) compared with the control plots (0.51). Overall, fertilization increased ANPP and APR, and these increases were related to a greater GPP and an increase in the fraction of GPP allocated aboveground.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00558.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do Forests Receive Occult Inputs of Nitrogen? (2000)
    Springer
    Ecosystems 3 (2000), S. 321-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0629
    Keywords: Key words: nitrogen input; forest biogeochemistry; long-term studies.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The nitrogen (N) cycle of forest ecosystems is understood relatively well, and few scientists expect that major revisions will be necessary; most current work on N cycling focuses on improving the precision estimates of pools and fluxes, or measuring the magnitudes of well-known pools in response to management or disturbances. However, in the past few decades more than a dozen articles in refereed journals have claimed very high rates of N input, far beyond the rates expected for known sources of N. In this review, we summarize the literature on N accretion rates in forests that lack substantial contributions from symbiotic N-fixing plants. We critique each study for the strength of the experimental design behind the estimate of N accretion and consider whether unexpectedly large inputs of N really occur in forests. Only 6 of 24 estimates of N accretion had strong experimental designs, and only 2 of these 6 yielded estimates of 〉5 kgN ha-1 y-1. The high accretion estimates with a strong experimental design come from repeated sampling at the Walker Branch watersheds in Tennessee, where N accretion rates ranged from 50 to 80 kg N ha-1 y-1 over 15 years after harvesting. At the same location, an unharvested stand showed no significant change. We conclude that there is no widespread evidence of high rates of occult N input in forests. Too few studies have carefully tested for balanced N budgets in forests (inputs minus outputs plus change in storage), and we recommend that at least a few of these studies be undertaken on soils that permit high precision sampling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100210000029
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