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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary production and carbon allocation in relation to nutrient supply in a tropical experimental forest (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 9 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Nutrient supply commonly limits aboveground plant productivity in forests, but the effects of an altered nutrient supply on gross primary production (GPP) and patterns of carbon (C) allocation remain poorly characterized. Increased nutrient supply may lead to a higher aboveground net primary production (ANPP), but a lower total belowground carbon allocation (TBCA), with little change in either aboveground plant respiration (APR) or GPP. Alternatively, increases in nutrient supply may increase GPP, with the quantity of GPP allocated aboveground increasing more steeply than the quantity of GPP allocated belowground. To examine the effects of an elevated nutrient supply on the C allocation patterns in forests, we determined whole-ecosystem C budgets in unfertilized plots of Eucalyptus saligna and in adjacent plots receiving regular additions of 65 kg N ha−1, 31 kg P ha−1, 46 kg K ha−1, and macro- and micronutrients. We measured the absolute flux of C allocated to the components of GPP (ANPP, TBCA and APR), as well as the fraction of GPP allocated to these components.Fertilization dramatically increased GPP. Averaged over 3 years, GPP in the fertilized plots was 34% higher than that in the unfertilized controls (3.95 vs. 2.95 kg C m−2 yr−1). Fertilization-related increases in GPP were allocated entirely aboveground – ANPP was 85% higher and APR was 57% higher in the fertilized than in the control plots, while TBCA did not differ significantly between treatments. Carbon use efficiency (NPP/GPP) was slightly higher in the fertilized (0.53) compared with the control plots (0.51). Overall, fertilization increased ANPP and APR, and these increases were related to a greater GPP and an increase in the fraction of GPP allocated aboveground.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00558.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forest Productivity and Efficiency of Resource Use Across a Chronosequence of Tropical Montane Soils (1999)
    Springer
    Ecosystems 2 (1999), S. 242-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0629
    Keywords: Key words: chronosequence; light interception; nutrient-use efficiency; productivity; montane tropical forest; soil respiration.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: ABSTRACT We tested the hypothesis that plants adjust to nutrient availability by altering carbon allocation patterns and nutrient-use efficiency (NUE = net primary production [NPP] per unit nutrient uptake), but are constrained by a trade-off between NUE and light-use efficiency (ε= NPP per unit intercepted light). NPP, NUE and ε were measured in montane Metrosideros polymorpha forest across a 4.1 x 106 yr space for time substitution chronosequence in which available soil N and P pools change with site age. Although the range of N and P availability across sites was broad, there was little difference in NPP between sites, and in contrast to theories of carbon allocation relative to limiting resources, we found no consistent relationships in production allocation to leaves, fine roots or wood. However, canopy nutrient pools and fluxes were correlated with the mass of fine roots per unit soil volume and there was a weak but positive correlation of NPP with LAI. Patterns of ε and NUE across the soil developmental sequence were opposite to each other. ε increased as nutrient availability and nutrient turnover increased, while NUE decreased in response to the same influences but reached its highest values where either N or P availability and turnover of both N and P were low. A negative correlation between ε and NUE supports the hypothesis that a trade-off exists between ε and leaf characteristics affecting NUE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100219900072
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forest growth along a rainfall gradient in Hawaii: Acacia koa stand structure, productivity, foliar nutrients, and water- and nutrient-use efficiencies (1995)
    Springer
    Oecologia 102 (1995), S. 277-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Carbon isotope composition ; Leaf area index ; Nitrogen-use efficiency ; Phosphorus-use efficiency ; Specific leaf mass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We tested whether variation in growth of native koa (Acacia koa) forest along a rainfall gradient was attributable to differences in leaf area index (LAI) or to differences in physiological performance per unit of leaf area. Koa stands were studied on western Kauai prior to Hurricane Iniki, and ranged from 500 to 1130 m elevation and from 850 to 1800 mm annual precipitation. Koa stands along the gradient had basal area ranging from 8 to 42 m2/ha, LAI ranging from 1.4 to 5.4, and wood increment ranging from 0.7 to 7.1 tonnes/ha/year. N, P, and K contents by weight of sun leaves (phyllodes) were negatively correlated with specific leaf mass (SLM, g m-2) across sites; on a leaf area basis, N increased whereas P and K decreased with SLM. LAI, aboveground woody biomass increment, and production per unit leaf area (E) increased as phyllode δ13C became more negative. The δ13C data suggested that intrinsic water-use efficiency (ratio of assimilation to conductance) increased as water availability decreased. In five of the six sites, phyllode P contents increased as LAI increased, but biomass increment and E were not correlated with phyllode nutrient contents, suggesting that productivity was limited more by water than by nutrient availability. Because vapor pressure deficits increased with decreasing elevation, actual water-use efficiency (ratio of assimilation to transpiration) was lower at drier, low-elevation sites. There was a trade-off between intrinsic water-use efficiency and production per unit of canopy N or P across the gradient. In summary, koa responds to water limitation both by reducing stand LAI and by adjusting gas exchange, which results in increased intrinsic water-use efficiency but decreased E.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329794
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecophysiology of exotic and native shrubs in Southern Wisconsin (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 80 (1989), S. 368-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Aboveground growth ; Carbon gain ; Exotic shrubs ; Leaf area ; Shrub productivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In this study we compared the aboveground growth rates of two exotic shrubs (Rhamnus cathartica and Lonicera X bella) and two native shrubs (Cornus racemosa and Prunus serotina) that are important in southern Wisconsin hardwood forests. For all species except P. serotina, aboveground growth rates in an open habitat were greater than in an understory environment. Growth rates differed among species in the open habitat and were significantly correlated with woody production per unit leaf area. All species had greater leaf area per unit wood biomass in the understory than in the open habitat. A comparison of above-ground growth and annual carbon gain suggests much greater respiratory costs in the open habitat, especially for P. serotina. The data from this study were used to examine mechanisms of species response to different light availabilities. We found that the species that increased their production per unit leaf area in response to increased light did not increase their leaf area per unit wood biomass in response to low light, and vice versa. Production of proportionately high leaf area may be important for the growth of C. racemosa in low light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379038
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus limitation of forest leaf area and net primary production on a highly weathered soil (1995)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 29 (1995), S. 223-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: chronosequence ; montane tropical forest ; nitrogen ; nutrient limitation ; phosphorus ; productivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We tested the hypothesis that P was the nutrient limiting net primary production of a nativeMetrosideros polymorpha forest on a highly weathered montane tropical soil in Hawaii. A factorial experiment used all combinations of three fertilizer treatments: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and a mix of other essential nutrients (OE), consisting primarily of mineral derived cations and excluding N and P. P addition, but not N or OE, increased leaf area index within 12 months, foliar P concentration measured at 18 months, and stem diameter increment within 18 months. Stem growth at 18 months was even greater when trees fertilized with P also received the OE treatment. N and P additions increased leaf litterfall and N and P in combination further increased litterfall. The sequence of responses suggests that increased available P promoted an increase in photosynthetic area which led to increased wood production. P was the essential element most limiting to primary production on old volcanic soil in contrast to the N limitation found on young volcanic soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186049
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparisons between generalized and specific tree biomass functions as applied to tropical ash (Fraxinus uhdei) (2000)
    Springer
    New forests 20 (2000), S. 277-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: allometric equations ; Fraxinus uhdei ; Hawaii ; stand biomass estimates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Allometric equations were generatedby harvesting tropical ash (Fraxinus uhdei(Wenzig) Lingelsh) trees growing on organic uplandssoils in the island of Hawaii. One of these equationswas used to estimate aboveground biomass of ten maturestands in the same area. Results indicated that theequation developed in situ, equations for white ash(Fraxinus americana L.), and generalizedfunctions for temperate and tropical forests, providedrelatively similar biomass estimates. Averagedifferences between biomass estimates from the testedequations (excluding the one for moist tropicalforests) and the function generated in situ rangedfrom 10 to 24%. One of the equations for white ashhad the lowest sum of residuals followed by thegeneralized equation for temperate forests. Theresults suggested commonality among biomass estimatesand, therefore, among relationships between treedimensions probably because most of the abovegroundtree biomass is in stem and branches, and thesecompartments are more stable than foliage mass. Equations to estimate commercial biomass and leaf areaof tropical ash are also provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006766529550
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of chemical composition on nitrogen mineralization from green manures of seven tropical leguminous trees (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 143 (1992), S. 127-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: alley-cropping ; incubations ; lignin ; N-fixing trees ; N mineralization ; polyphenols ; tropical agroecosystems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Green manures from seven tropical leguminous trees were incubated with soil to determine the rates and controls of net nitrogen release. Fresh green manure (leaves and succulent twigs) was mixed with moist soil and incubated in polyethylene bags. Net N mineralization from green manures was estimated by the accumulation of extractable ammonium and nitrate minus the accumulation in soil alone. Patterns of N mineralization were complex, differed among species, and at 12 weeks ranged from 10 to 65 percent of original green-manure N. Cumulative net N mineralization was negatively correlated with initial soluble polyphenol content in the early phases of decomposition (1 through 8 weeks) and with initial lignin content in later phases (4 through 12 weeks). Neither initial percent N nor lignin: N ratio were strongly correlated with N mineralization. The best chemical index of N release was the initial polyphenol: N ratio. This study confirms previous findings that N mineralization from tropical legumes is controlled more by soluble polyphenols than by lignin or N content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009137
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in nodule and root biomass of Sesbania sesban and Leucaena leucocephala following coppicing (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 138 (1991), S. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: below-ground biomass ; growth efficiency ; Leucaena leucocephala ; pot study ; Sesbania sesban ; tropical trees
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A pot study was conducted to measure the extent of and determine the factors controlling fine root and nodule shedding following coppicing of Sesbania sesban and Leucaena leucocephala. Fine (〈2 mm) root biomass decreased below pre-cutting values, but the decreases were not statistically significant in either species. Living (white) nodule biomass decreased and dead (brown) nodule biomass increased significantly two weeks after cutting in both species. These changes were relatively greater in Sesbania than in Leucaena. In the uncut treatments of both species, fine root and nodule biomass were correlated with leaf biomass, and in the cut treatments, root and nodule biomass returned to near this apparent equilibrium by two weeks after cutting. Stem growth rate per unit leaf area was not different between cut and uncut treatments, nor was it correlated with root:leaf ratios in either species. Leucaena allocated a greater fraction of its total biomass below-ground, and a greater fraction of its below-ground biomass to coarse (〉2 mm) roots than Sesbania. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that relatively lower allocation to below-ground storage tissue is the cause for Sesbania's relatively greater sensitivity to cutting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011802
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