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  • 1
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: It has been hypothesized that changes in heating systems and insulation of homes in developed countries have generated an indoor climate favorable to organisms that excrete allergens inducing sensitization and allergic disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the installation of highly insulated windows and central heating systems on indoor climate, and mite-allergen (Der f 1) and mold spore concentrations. Methods: The bedrooms of 98 apartments were examined before and 7 months (mean) after installation of insulated windows and central heating systems. The air-exchange rate, temperature, and humidity were measured. In settled dust on carpets and mattresses, the number of colony-forming mold spores and the Der f 1 concentration were determined. The inhabitants completed a questionnaire about their lifestyles and housing conditions. Results: The air-exchange rate decreased from geometric mean 0.73 to 0.52 per hour (P=0.029). Temperature (mean 13.4 vs 17.5°C, P〈0.001), and absolute humidity (mean 4.6 g vs 6.2 g H2O/kg air, P〈0.001) increased. Relative humidity remained nearly unchanged (mean 47.6 vs 49.1%). Der f 1 concentrations on carpets (geometric mean 0.65 vs 1.28 μg/g dust, P〈0.001) and mattresses (geometric mean 1.56 vs 2.40 μg/g, P=0.002) increased. Among the fungi that were analyzed, only the thermotolerant species Aspergillus fumigatus increased (geometric mean 20 vs 60 colony-forming units/g carpet dust, P=0.02). Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the installation of insulated windows and central heating systems is associated with an increase of Der f 1 concentrations in carpet and mattress dust and A. fumigatus in carpet dust in apartment bedrooms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Unknown
    Chapel Hill : University of North Carolina Press
    Keywords: Federal Writers' Project, History. ; United States, Civilization, 1918-1945. ; United States, Historiography. ; United States, Intellectual life, 20th century. ; National characteristics, American.
    Pages: xii, 293 p.
    ISBN: 0-8078-6166-9
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 82 (2000), S. 183-191 
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents  For the analytical handling of large electrical transmission networks with several feeds the knowledge of a corresponding set of state equations is necessary. A method is pointed out to set up these state equations with the help of the Laplace transform of the gate impedance matrix. From several equivalent systems of state equations with different orders a set with a minimal number of state variables is determined.
    Notes: Übersicht  Für die analytische Behandlung großer Energieversorgungsnetze ist die Kenntnis einer Zustandsform erforderlich, die auch mehrfache Einspeisungen erfassen muß. Bei dem beschriebenen Verfahren wird eine Zustandsform mit Hilfe der Laplace-Transformation aus der Torimpedanzmatrix des Netzes analytisch aufgestellt. Dabei zeigt sich, daß das Systemverhalten bezüglich des Klemmenverhaltens durch eine unterschiedliche Anzahl von Zustandsgrößen äquivalent beschrieben werden kann. Aus diesen Varianten ermittelt die dargestellte Methode eine Zustandsform mit möglichst wenigen Zustandsgrößen (kanonische Zustandsform).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 247 (2000), S. II58 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key Words Apoptosis ; Cytokines ; Dopamine neuron ; Substantia nigra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease characterised by a massive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Yet glial cells may also participate in the pathophysiology of the disease. Indeed, glial cells can produce trophic factors which may stimulate neuronal survival or, alternatively, they could produce toxic compounds which may be involved in neuronal degeneration. This paper reviews the potentially protective or deleterious effects of glial cells in the substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson’s disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Risk assessment ; Species extrapolation ; Local metabolism ; CYP2E1 ; Variability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract When characterizing the health risks for man by exposure to chemicals, species-specific differences have to be taken into consideration, otherwise extrapolation from animal data to the human situation would be inadequate. The site-specific toxicity of chemicals may be explained by the following alternatives: (1) reactive metabolites are generated in the liver and subsequently transported to the target tissue(s); (2) metabolism of the parent compound occurs in the target tissue, a pathway by which the enzymes necessary for activation must be expressed in the target tissue. Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is an important phase-I enzyme activating several chemicals. In the study described in this paper, myeloid intra- and interspecies variability in the expression of CYP2E1 has been investigated in rats, rabbits and man, because the bone marrow represents an important target organ for toxic effects of several chemicals, e.g. benzene. CYP2E1 at the protein level was detected by Western blotting and enzyme activities were determined by CYP2E1-dependent hydroxylation of chlorzoxazone (CLX). In the bone marrow of Wistar rats, the CLX hydroxylase activities were within the same order of magnitude (range: 0.1–0.4 pmol/mg protein per min) as previously described for mice (range 0.2–0.8 pmol/mg protein per min), whereas the CYP2E1 activities in two strains of rabbits were significantly higher (range: 1.7–4.7 pmol/mg protein per min) than in the rodents (P 〈 0.05). In human CD34+ bone marrow stem cells, CYP2E1 could also be detected on the protein level by Western blotting. The data demonstrate a presence of CYP2E1 in the bone marrow of all species investigated, thus supporting the hypothesis of CYP2E1-dependent local metabolism of several chemicals as a factor possibly contributing to their myelotoxicity and haematotoxicity. The data show that intraspecies/intrastrain variability of CYP2E1 activity in rodents is small. However, CYP2E1 activity between rodents and a non-rodent species was quite different indicating considerable interspecies variability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 70 (2000), S. 599-602 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 78.30.; 61.16.; 81.10.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A new purification procedure is introduced, which uses the advantages of column chromatography and vacuum filtration. Potassium polyacrylate is used as stationary phase. This method is based on the idea that the size of the existing cavities in the polymer increases during a swelling process in distilled water. The cavities are big enough to entrap the nanoparticles, but allow for a free movement of nanotubes and bundles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular modeling 6 (2000), S. 379-395 
    ISSN: 0948-5023
    Keywords: Keywords Molecular dynamics, 3D model builder, CORINA, Self-limiting generation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The fullerene skeleton offers the possibility of attaching several dendrimer branches. Thus, starburst-dendrimers are obtained that might lead to self-limiting generation because of very large, sterically overburdened molecular systems. Two approaches for the generation of molecular models of such fullerene dendrimers are presented: Molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics calculations have been performed to explore the geometries and energetics of the compounds. The other approach utilized an empirical 3D structure generator that started from information on only the constitution of the molecules concerned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 331-337 (May 2000), p. 421-430 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 260-267 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio configuration interaction (Cl) calculations are carried out for the lowest-lying six 1,3Π and three 3Σ+ states. In addition, the first and second radial couplings 〈φi(R,r)|∂/∂R|φj(R,r)〉 and 〈φi(R,r)|∂2/∂R2|φj(R,r)〉, spin-orbit, and rotational couplings are also evaluated based on the resulting highly correlated wave functions. Energy positions and predissociation linewidths of rovibrational levels associated with the above electronic states are determined in the adiabatic representation by means of the complex scaling method employing a basis of complex scaled Hermite polynomials and Gauss–Hermite quadrature. The present treatment correctly reproduces a number of observed trends in energy and line broadening for individual rovibrational levels of the (4s)b 3Π and C 1Π states of HCl and DCl. The calculated linewidths for the v=0, J=2, and J=8 rovibrational levels of the (4s)C 1Π state of HCl are 1.2 and 2.1 cm−1, respectively, which is in good agreement with the recently observed rotational dependence of line broadening for the v=0 level of this state [M. H. Alexander et al., Chem. Phys. 231, 331 (1998)]. The present calculations find that the linewidths of the (4pσ)D 1Π state are greater than for the (4pσ)d 3Π state. The distinctive predissociation mechanisms of the D 1Π and the d 3Π states are discussed on the basis of the calculated radial couplings. The calculations predict very broad lines for the v=0 and 1 vibrational levels of the lowest adiabatic bound 3Σ+ state, consistent with the fact that the corresponding state has not yet been identified by spectroscopic means. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Singapore journal of tropical geography 22 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9493
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography
    Notes: Globalisation is manifested in the Mekong Region both through processes and discourses that reflect the ideology of a borderless world allowing easy passage of capital and commodities, and through resistance to such processes in an increasingly transnationalised civil society movement. However, more immediately significant supranational integrative agendas take the form of regionalisation, a process that has received less attention but which raises analogous concerns of re-scaled governance. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been a catalysing force for regionalisation amidst a host of regional processes and initiatives; as such it has found itself the object of critique as an institution and through the specific projects it has supported that have impacted on local communities and ecosystems. Meanwhile, local and NGO voices associated with the emergence of a vibrant civil society in Thailand and nascent civil society responses in neighbouring countries have challenged claims on resources made in the name of national development and regional integration.This paper considers some key issues of re-scaling resource and environmental politics in the Mekong Region, and the extent to which challenges have been recast from national to regional development agendas. Politics of environment are shown to exist as a general rather than exceptional response to the region’s development direction, and it is suggested that equitable and sustainable development increasingly needs to address simultaneously the re-scaling and reconfigurations of power in both environmental politics and the “infrapolitics” of environment. The paper is illustrated with case studies of dams in Laos and Thailand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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