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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The first case of new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in France: clinical data and neuropathological findings (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 99 (2000), S. 704-708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ; New variant ; Neuropathology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Clinical data and autopsy findings in a case ¶of new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) are reported. this case, the first histologically confirmed case described outside the United Kingdom, very much resembles the cases described by Will et al. [(1996) Lancet 347 : 921–925] and Zeidler et al. [(1997) Lancet 350 : 903–908, 908–910]. Neuropathological studies failed to reveal any conspicuous clues that could be relevant for understanding the pathophysiology of the disease. For epidemiological surveillance, neuropathologists should scrutinize suspected cases keeping in mind the possibility of vCJD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004010051184
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of soil compaction and the removal of organic matter on two native earthworms and soil properties in an oak-hickory forest (2000)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 31 (2000), S. 323-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Diplocardia smithii ; Diplocardia ornata ; Native North American earthworm species ; Soil compaction ; Organic matter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Earthworms may alter the physical, chemical, and biological properties of a forest soil ecosystem. Any physical manipulation of the soil ecosystem may, in turn, affect the activities and ecology of earthworms. The effects of removing organic matter (logs and forest litter) and severely compacting the soil on native earthworm species were measured in a central USA hardwood region (oak-hickory) forest in the Missouri Ozarks (USA). Soils in this region are characterized by a cherty residuum that is primarily of the Clarksville series (Loamy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Typic Paledults). Earthworms were collected from 0–15 cm depth each spring and fall for 2 years by handsorting, and densities were determined on a per meter square basis. Two native earthworm species, Diplocardia ornata and Diplocardia smithii, were dominant on this site. Organic matter removal decreased the average individual biomass of both species. However, both species responded differently to soil compaction. Soil compaction affected D. ornata adversely and D. smithii favorably. This suggested that the degree of soil compaction was not as restrictive with respect to D. smithii (2 mm diameter) as to D. ornata (5 mm diameter). Moreover, the apparently improved soil environmental conditions resulting from the remaining organic matter in compacted soil enhanced the population and growth of D. smithii. Sampling position on the landscape affected D. ornata but not D. smithii. Soil microbial biomass C and soil microbial biomass N were decreased under soil compaction when the organic matter was removed. Other factors influencing the ecology and activity of these two species will require further study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050663
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water use of two Mojave Desert shrubs under elevated CO2 (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Global change biology 6 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Plant responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 have been characterized generally by stomatal closure and enhanced growth rates. These responses are being increasingly incorporated into global climate models that quantify interactions between the biosphere and atmosphere, altering climate predictions from simpler physically based models. However, current information on CO2 responses has been gathered primarily from studies of crop and temperate forest species. In order to apply responses of vegetation to global predictions, CO2 responses in other commonly occurring biomes must be studied. A Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) study is currently underway to examine plant responses to high CO2 in a natural, undisturbed Mojave Desert ecosystem in Nevada, USA. Here we present findings from this study, and its companion glasshouse experiment, demonstrating that field-grown Ephedra nevadensis and glasshouse-grown Larrea tridentata responded to high CO2 with reductions in the ratio of transpirational surface area to sapwood area (LSR) of 33% and 60%, respectively. Thus, leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity increased and stomatal conductance remained constant or was increased under elevated CO2. Field-grown Larrea did not show a reduced LSR under high CO2, and stomatal conductance was reduced in the high CO2 treatment, although the effect was apparent only under conditions of unusually high soil moisture. Both findings suggest that the common paradigm of 20–50% reductions in stomatal conductance under high CO2 may not be applicable to arid ecosystems under most conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00360.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corona discharge supersonic free-jet for III–V nitride growth via A 3Σu+ metastable nitrogen molecules (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 883-892 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A corona discharge supersonic free-jet is shown to be a nearly pure source of A 3Σu+ metastable molecular nitrogen, an electronically excited and chemically active form of N2 that is ideally suited to nitride semiconductor growth. Optical emission spectroscopy at various distances downstream of the supersonic nozzle reveals a cascade through the excited state manifold of N2 triplet states to populate the A 3Σu+ state. Appearance potential spectroscopy (mass spectrometer electron bombardment ionization yield, measured as a function of electron impact energy) delivers the composition of the terminal molecular beam. A 3Σu+ molecules are the dominant activated species in the beam, which otherwise contains only nonreactive X 1Σg+ ground state nitrogen molecules plus a minor amount of 4S0 nitrogen atoms. Up to 1.56% number fraction of the beam is A 3Σu+, providing 1.0×1017 metastables sr−1 s−1. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1331646
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    III-N semiconductor growth with activated nitrogen: State-specific study of A3Σu+ metastable N2 molecules (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 3030-3032 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High quality epitaxial III-N semiconductor films, ranging in thickness from 300 to 900 Å, have been grown using A3Σu+ metastable nitrogen molecules. The work employed a corona discharge supersonic free-jet to generate a molecular beam containing exclusively the A3Σu+ activation state in an otherwise ground state N2 beam. AlN films were grown on 6H–SiC(0001) and Si(001) substrates. GaN films were grown on the same substrates and on buffer layers of AlN deposited in situ on 6H–SiC(0001). The N-atom incorporation efficiency (the number of N atoms attaching to a III–N surface per incident A3Σu+ molecule) approached 100% and was independent of substrate temperature from 600 to 900 °C, implying direct molecular chemisorption of the A3Σu+. These measurements support theoretical predictions that A3Σu+ is an ideal precursor for III–N growth. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1323739
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of genomic regions associated with stay green in sorghum by testing RILs in multiple environments (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 1225-1232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Sorghum ; Genome mapping ; Stay green ; Marker-assisted selection ; Multi-environment testing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Stay green is an important drought resistance trait for sorghum production. QTLs for this trait with consistent effects across a set of environments would increase the efficiency of selection because of its relatively low heritability. One hundred and sixty recombinant inbreds, derived from a cross between QL39 and QL41, were used as a segregating population for genome mapping and stay green evaluation. Phenotypic data were collected in replicated field trials from five sites and in three growing seasons, and analysed by fitting appropriate models to account for spatial variability and to describe the genotype by environment interaction. Interval mapping and non-parametric mapping identified three regions, each in a separate linkage group, associated with stay green in more than one trial, and two regions in single trial. The regions on linkage groups B and I were both consistently identified from three trials. The multiple environment testing was very helpful for correctly identifying QTLs associated with the trait. The utilisation of molecular markers for stay green in sorghum breeding is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051428
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