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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 2355-2357 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report low-temperature conductance measurement on a Coulomb-blockaded dot in a silicon-on-insulator-based single-electron transistor with in-plane side gates. The linear conductance for 4.2 K at zero magnetic field exhibits up to three paired peaks, indicating simple alternating odd (spin 1/2)-even(spin 0) filling. Three intrapair spacings are found to be nearly a constant value, corresponding to the single charging energy U, whereas two interpair spacings are different which are associated with U+ΔE1 and U+ΔE2, i.e., successive quantized level spacings added to U. The quantized level spacings were also revealed in the nonlinear current staircases. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Keywords: Amino acids – Taurine – Hypertension – Stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats – Catecholamines – Salt-induced hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Taurine is present in high concentrations in mammalian tissues and has been implicated in cardiovascular control mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of taurine to attenuate salt-induced elevations in blood pressure and markers of damage to the kidney and cardiovascular system in stroke prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SPSHR). Male SPSHR (6 weeks old) were placed on high salt diets that contained 1% (w/w) NaCl added to their normal chow for 84 days and then were switched to 3% added NaCl for the remaining 63 days of the study. SPSHR was given 1.5% taurine in the drinking water (n = 8), a taurine free diet (n = 8) or normal chow (n = 8). A final control group (n = 6) was not given high salt diets. High salt diets caused an acceleration in the development of hypertension in all groups. Taurine supplementation reduced ventricular hypertrophy and decreased urinary excretion of protein and creatinine. The taurine free diet did not alter serum or urinary excretion of taurine, but did result in elevated urinary nitrogen excretion, increased serum cholesterol levels, and impaired performance in a spatial learning task. Alterations in dietary taurine intake did not alter urinary or serum electrolytes (Na+, K+), but taurine supplementation did attenuate a rise in serum calcium seen with the high salt diets. Urinary excretion (μg/24 h) of epinephrine and dopamine was significantly reduced in SPSHR given 1% NaCl in the diet, but this effect was not seen in SPSHR on taurine free or supplemented diets. Taurine supplementation showed cardioprotective and renoprotective effects in SPSHR given high salt diets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Schmerz 14 (2000), S. 314-318 
    ISSN: 1432-2129
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Coping ; Nicht medikamentös ; Kinderkrankenschwester ; Schmerz ; Training ; Verhalten ; Keywords Behaviour ; Coping ; Non-medical ; Pediatric nurse ; Pain ; Training
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Key position. Pediatric nursing owns a key position in pain therapy, due to its patient centered tasks and special kind of labor repartition between medicine and nursing. However, it is to admit that this key position obtains various forms of appearance in the different settings of pediatric nurses's practice. Pain questionnaires. The difficulties within the correct assessment of children's pain by nurses refer to the application of valide pain questionnaires and continuous documentation. A prototype of pain prevention in nursing is the ‘minimal handling’ concept. Effective psychologic measures of pain prevention and relief are not only intrinsic and extrinsic focussing of awareness but also just holding the patient's hand. ‘Cutaneous stimulation’ and ‘counterirritation’ should be mentioned as physical techniques. Coping ability. Close contact with friends or parents is one of the most important factors enhancing the patient's coping ability. If confronted with their own child in pain, parents often feel helpless which may result in anxiousness, overprotection, and inadequate support. Thus both parents and children need professional training to face painful procedures and behave in a supportive manner. There are numerous non-medical techniques which either by themselves, or in combination with analgetics, have the potential to substantially add to quality of life of the paediatric patient in pain.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Schlüsselposition. Die Kinderkrankenpflege hat aufgrund ihrer patientenbezogenen Aufgaben und der medizinisch/pflegerischen Arbeitsteilung eine Schlüsselposition in der Schmerztherapie, die sich allerdings in den verschiedenen Settings, in denen Kinderkrankenpflege tätig wird, unterschiedlich ausprägt. Schmerzmessinstrumente. Die Schwierigkeiten der Schmerzeinschätzung im Kindesalter durch Kinderkrankenschwestern verweisen auf die Notwendigkeit valider Schmerzmessinstrumente und fortlaufender Dokumentation. Prototyp eines schmerzpräventiven Pflegekonzepts ist das “Minimal Handling”. Zu den psychologischen Verfahren zählen Verfahren der ex- und internen Aufmerksamkeitsablenkung; Hand halten ist einfach und effektiv. Physikalische Techniken sind “kutane Stimulation” und “Gegenirritation”. Copingstrategien. Die tröstende Anwesenheit von Vertrauenspersonen, insbesondere Eltern ist eine der wichtigsten Copingstrategien. Das Miterleben von Schmerzen ihres Kindes konfrontiert Eltern mit der eigenen Hilflosigkeit, was nicht selten in Angst, Überprotektion und inadäquater Unterstützung des Kindes resultiert. Deshalb sollten beide, Eltern wie Kinder, auf schmerzhafte Prozeduren vorbereitet und unterstützende Verhaltensweisen eingeübt werden. Konsequent angewandt, können nicht medikamentöse Verfahren – allein oder in Kombination mit klassischer Analgesie – eine deutliche Verbesserung der Lebensqualität des Patienten bedeuten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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