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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of femoral neck anteversion in 3D. Part 1: 3D imaging method (2000)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 38 (2000), S. 603-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Femoral anteversion ; Rendering ; 3D imaging ; Measurement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Femoral neck anteversion is the torsion of the femoral head with reference to the distal femur. Conventional methods that use cross-sectional computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance or ultrasound images to estimate femoral anteversion have met with several problems owing to the complex, three-dimensional (3D) structure of the femur. These problems include not only the difficulty of defining the direction of the femoral neck axis and condylar line but also the dependency upon patient positioning. In particular, the femoral neck axis, the direction of the femoral head, known as the major source of error, is difficult to determine from either a single or several two-dimensional (2D) cross-sectional images. A new method has been devised for the measurement of femoral anteversion using the 3D imaging technique. 3D reconstructed CT images from the femoral head and trochanter to the distal femur are used to measure the anteversion. It is necessary to remove the soft tissue from the CT images and extract just the bone part. Then, the femoral anteversion is measured from a computer-rendered femur image. The 3D imaging method is compared with both the conventional 2D method and the physical method using 20 dried femurs. For the physical method, which is used as a reference value, a special apparatus is devised. The average difference between the results of the physical method and those of the 2D CT method is 5.33°. The average difference between the results of the physical method and those of the 3D imaging method is 0.45°. Seventy-four patients, who suffer from toe-in-gait disease, are tested to compare the 3D imaging method with the conventional 2D CT method. The average difference between the 2D and 3D methods is 8.6°, and the standard is 7.43°. This method provides a very accurate and reliable measurement of femoral anteversion, as it is virtually equivalent to the direct measurement of bisected dried femur in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344864
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of femoral neck anteversion in 3D. Part 2:3D modelling method (2000)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 38 (2000), S. 610-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Femoral anteversion ; 3D ; Modelling ; Measurement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Femoral neck anteversion is the torsion of the femoral head with reference to the distal femur. Conventional methods that use cross-sectional computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance or ultrasound images to estimate femoral anteversion have met with several problems owing to the complex three-dimensional (3D) structure of the femur. A 3D imaging method has been developed that virtually measures femoral anteversion on the 3D computer space with continuous CT slices; this 3D method provides more accurate and reliable results than conventional 2D CT measurements. A 3D modelling method is devised for the measurement of femoral neck anteversion. This method has advantages over the 3D imaging method, such as shorter processing time, reduced number of slices and an objective result compared with the 3D imaging method. The results of the 3D modelling method are compared with the conventional CT methods (2D CT method and 3D imaging method) using 20 dried femurs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02344865
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of culture and self-construals on predispositions toward verbal communication (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Human communication research 27 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism
    Notes: This study tested the effects of culture and self-construals (i.e., independence and interdependence) on predispositions toward verbal communication. For the purpose of this study, we focused on two main areas of verbal communication predispositions: (a) communication apprehension and (b) argumentativeness. In our path model, we expected that culture-level individualism increases one's construal of self as independent, which, in turn, leads to a higher degree of argumentativeness and a lower level of communication apprehension. We also expected that culture-level individualism decreases one's construal of self as interdependent, which, in turn, leads to a lower degree of argumentativeness and a higher level of communication apprehension. Data to test the model were drawn from undergraduates (N=539) studying in Korea, Hawaii, and mainland U.S. The data were partially consistent with the theoretical predictions made. The implications of the results for theory and practice are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2001.tb00786.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A one-dimensional axial electron cyclotron resonance source model : The 8th international conference on ion sources (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 666-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A conventional zero-dimensional (uniform plasma parameters with no spatial variations) fluid model will provide a good match with an experimental electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) charge-state distribution (CSD) if provided with a judicious set of user inputs. However, this arbitrarily chosen set of inputs is not necessarily unique. To be truly predictive, an ECRIS model should rely on experimental parameters as inputs. A multi-species model for an ECRIS plasma using experimental parameters as inputs is under development. The model eliminates electron temperature as a user input by employing a 2 V(v,θ) Fokker–Planck code with an ECR heating term to calculate the non-Maxwellian anisotropic electron distribution function. Further arbitrary user inputs are eliminated in favor of controlled parameters by bounce averaging the Fokker–Planck coefficients for a one-dimensional (1D)/2 V axial model. The neutral gas modeling has been extended to 1D using axially coupled particle balance equations. The improved model is able to reproduce experimental Faraday cup (CSDA) from the Argonne National Laboratory's ECR-II. Further elimination of arbitrary inputs is expected when the ion model is extended to 1D. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150254
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Argon ionization cross sections for charge state distribution modeling in electron cyclotron resonance ion source : Papers from the Ninth International Conference on Ion Sources (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 638-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An updated and more accurate database for single- and double-ionization cross sections for almost all argon ions has been developed for the modeling of the charge state distribution (CSD) within an electron cyclotron resonance ion source. When the highly non-Maxwellian anisotropic electron-distribution function, is modeled by a Fokker–Planck code, one has to use the ionization cross sections instead of the Maxwellian rate coefficients. Most of the fitting coefficients used within the well-established semi-empirical formulas for direct ionization and double ionization have been recalculated using more accurate crossed-beam experimental data available. The shift of the CSD to higher-charge states due to the contribution of excitation autoionization and double ionization is presented by comparing the GEM code modeling using the Lotz formula and the cross sections with updated fitting coefficients. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1427030
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Splitting of the heavy and light hole bands due to the indium-induced strain in three inch indium-alloyed semi-insulating GaAs substrates (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 1476-1479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD) method, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) were used to observe the radial distribution of the band-edge transition and modification of the band structure due to the variation of indium in 3 in. indium-alloyed semi-insulating GaAs (InxGa1−xAs) grown by the liquid-encapsulated Czochralski method. The data from room temperature PR measurements showed the variation of the transition energy with positions indicating the radial distribution of the indium content across the wafers; indium content being higher around the edge region than the central area. The splitting of the degenerate valence band around the edge region of the wafers was also shown in PR data due to the different indium content in adjacent regions where indium content varies rapidly. The XRD measurements showed the drastic change in the distribution of lattice constant on where the splitting of the heavy and light holes happened and the SIMS analysis was adopted to confirm the distribution of indium content across the wafer. The possible model was proposed from the experimental data. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373842
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray Ross filter method for impurity transport studies on DIII-D (abstract) : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 1192-1192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The injection of Ar into the region of the DIII-D divertor is a promising technique for energy dissipation (through radiation and collisions) and consequently for reduction of the heat load on the plates. An important problem related to this technique, is the inherent poisoning of the core plasma by migrating Ar. The Ar core contamination seems also to improve the thermal transport in an advanced operating mode of the tokamak. It is therefore of great importance to measure the evolution of the impurity concentration profile within the core plasma. This goal could be achieved by using the Ross filter method in conjunction with the existing x-ray diagnostics on DIII-D. A basic Ross filter system consists of two identical detectors placed behind two different x-ray absorbing foils looking at the same plasma volume. The foils are made of different elements or compounds with adjacent or nearly adjacent atomic numbers. Their accurate thickness causes the x-ray transmission curves of the two foils to be effectively identical over the entire energy range except within the narrow region between their absorption edges. Since the transmission characteristics of the foils above and below their absorption edges are the same, any difference in the two detected signals is proportional to the total x-ray power of the emission spectrum between these two edge energies. An x-ray Ross filter with its energy pass band centered on the Ar XVII Kα line at 3.14 keV has been designed. This allows for the discrimination of the Ar Kα line only, regardless of Ar ionization state, against any background radiation with energies outside the energy pass band. The Ross filter was installed in front of two of the fan shaped poloidal x-ray arrays on DIII-D. The first measurements showed very good discrimination against Ne, another injected impurity. Emissivity profile evolution of the Kα lines and Ar enhanced continuum within the energy pass band of the Ross filter can be determined from the x-ray brightness signals by inverting techniques and by using the Te, ne, and Ar16+ profiles as measured by other diagnostics. The transport code MIST1 can be used to calculate both the emissivity profiles of the Kα of all the ions and their concentration profiles when the measured Te, and ne are used as input. The Ar16+ profiles as measured by charge exchange spectroscopy can be used as a constraint for the MIST code to accurately calculate the Ar18+ profile and thus unfold all the Ar ions Kα emissivity profiles. From these one can determine the Ar concentration profile evolution and the particle diffusion coefficient. In conclusion, using the Ross filter method with the existing x-ray imaging systems results in a powerful and cost-effective diagnostic for impurity transport studies. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1326018
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Schottky barrier rectifier with high current density using vanadium as barrier metal (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 860-862 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This letter reports on an improved forward voltage drop (VF) and reverse leakage current (IR) in Schottky barrier rectifier using vanadium (V–SBR) as the barrier metal with a low barrier height (φB) and argon implantation. The VF for a V–SBR was as low as 0.25 V compared to 0.39 V for a molybdenum (Mo)–SBR at the same forward current density (JF) of 60 A/cm2. This study was able to achieve a good result for JF in SBR. Presently, the conventional Schottky rectifier with a low φB metal is used to achieve low VF, but at the expense of a high IR. To reduce this effect, crystalline Si was altered into amorphous Si using argon implantation on the n-epitaxial layer. Finally, a SBR with a high JF and low IR could be fabricated. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1391402
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy level control for self-assembled InAs quantum dots utilizing a thin AlAs layer (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 3247-3249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ground-state energy of InAs quantum dots (QDs) in the GaAs matrix can be changed significantly by introducing a thin AlAs layer (1 nm). The photoluminescence (PL) peak position of the QDs grown directly on the thin AlAs layer is blueshifted by 171 meV from that of the QDs grown without the AlAs layer. QDs grown on an additional GaAs thin layer on top of the AlAs layer have PL peaks systematically redshifted to lower energy as the GaAs layer becomes thicker. Time-resolved PL shows that the QDs have similar lifetimes, attesting to the fact that all the QDs grown in this way are of high quality, although the energy level change is large and a thin AlAs layer is introduced. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1373410
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on duodenal ulcer scar in patients with no clinical history of duodenal ulcer (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Helicobacter pylori eradication has become the standard treatment for duodenal ulcer. However, there is no relevant evidence for antibacterial treatment of the white scar stage of duodenal ulcer (duodenal ulcer scar) in patients with no past history of duodenal ulcer.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim:To investigate whether H. pylori eradication could decrease duodenal ulcer recurrence in patients with duodenal ulcer scar and no past history of duodenal ulcer.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Patients and methods:We prospectively enrolled 66 patients with duodenal ulcer scar: 53 were H. pylori-positive and 13 were H. pylori-negative. H. pylori-positive patients were randomly assigned into two groups (two-to-one allocation): 36 patients were assigned to the treatment group and 17 to the follow-up group. Thirteen H. pylori-negative patients were followed up according to the study protocol. Follow-up endoscopy was performed to evaluate ulcer scar changes and H. pylori status 6 weeks after anti-H. pylori treatment and then every 6 months for up to 30 months.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Active duodenal ulcer recurrence was identified in seven of 23 H. pylori-positive/non-cured patients (30%). There was no duodenal ulcer recurrence in 43 H. pylori-negative/cured patients (0%), which was significantly different in terms of duodenal ulcer recurrence (P=0.001).〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions: H. pylori eradication is effective at preventing active duodenal ulcer recurrence in patients with duodenal ulcer scar and no past history of duodenal ulcer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01174.x
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