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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The tumour necrosis factor alpha –238 G → A and –308 G → A promoter polymorphisms are not associated with insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in young healthy relatives of Type II Diabetic patients (2000)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 43 (2000), S. 181-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin resistance, Type II diabetes, tumour necrosis factor-α, promotor polymorphisms, first-degree relatives.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is believed to influence skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Two G → A transitions in the promoter region of TNF- α at position –238 and –308 have been identified that could play a part in transcriptional regulation of the gene. Insulin resistance is an independent familial trait that predicts the development of Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. We investigated the influence on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion of both polymorphisms in a cohort of young healthy relatives of patients with Type II diabetes.¶Methods. We examined 109 first-degree relatives of Caucasian patients with a history of Type II diabetes, who underwent extensive metabolical and anthropometrical phenotyping, and determined the TNF- α –238 and –308 G→ A promoter polymorphisms.¶Results. For the –238 polymorphism, 83 probands (76.1 %) were homozygous for the G-allele, 25 probands (22.9 %) were heterozygous and 1 proband (0.9 %) was homozygous for the A-allele. For the –308 polymorphism, 83 probands (76.1 %) were homozygous for the G-allele, 24 probands (22.0 %) were heterozygous and 2 probands (1.18 %) were homozygous for the A-allele. Probands with and without the polymorphism did not differ in insulin sensitivity (p = 0.78), insulin-concentrations and C-peptide concentrations in oral glucose tolerance tests (p 〉 0.05).¶Conclusions/interpretation. We could not detect an association between insulin sensitivity or insulin secretion and TNF- α promoter polymorphisms in our cohort. The polymorphisms occur at the same frequencies in probands with either low or high insulin sensitivity. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 181–184]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050027
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transport properties of modulation-doped InAs-inserted-channel In0.75Al0.25As/In0.75Ga0.25As structures grown on GaAs substrates (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 3227-3229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on gate voltage dependent electron transport in modulation-doped In0.75Al0.25As/In0.75Ga0.25As heterostructures with strained InAs-inserted-channels grown on GaAs substrates. At temperatures of T=4.2 K we achieve mobilities of up to μ=215 000 cm2(V s)−1 and electron densities of nS=1.2×1012 cm−2 for the highest measured gate voltage of Vg=20 V. The electron effective mass m*=0.036 me is determined by temperature dependent Shubnikov–de Haas measurements. The observation of an anisotropic mobility when the first excited subband becomes populated proves interface scattering to be the limiting mechanism for the electron mobility. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1326045
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Launching surface plasmons into nanoholes in metal films (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 140-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We investigate optical transmission through individual nanometer-sized holes in opaque metal films using scanning near-field optical microscopy. We show unambiguously that excitation and lateral propagation of surface plasmons support the light transmission through these nanoholes. The direction of the surface plasmon propagation is given by the light polarization, thus controlled addressing of individual holes is possible. In addition, we find characteristic interference effects due to scattering of surface plasmons off holes. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.125682
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Budesonide in the treatment of Crohn’s disease: a meta-analysis (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 14 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To perform a meta-analysis to assess the effectiveness and safety of oral budesonide for inducing remission in active Crohn’s disease and for preventing relapse in Crohn’s disease with medically- or surgically-induced remission.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:All randomized, double-blind controlled trials involving oral budesonide therapy in Crohn’s disease were retrieved from a Medline search, reviews articles or their bibliographies. Of 83 articles retrieved, 12 met the inclusion criteria. Data extraction was performed by three independent observers and scoring disagreements were resolved by consensus.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Six trials tested budesonide in active disease and six in quiescent disease. Budesonide was less effective than conventional corticosteroids for inducing remission of active Crohn’s disease (pooled rate difference, RD –8.5%; 95% CI: –16.4 to –0.7%; P=0.02), but corticosteroid-related adverse events were reduced (RD –22.4%; 95% CI: –32 to –12.8%; P 〈 0.001). In quiescent Crohn’s disease, budesonide was as effective as placebo for preventing relapse in medically induced remission (RD –0.8%; 95% CI: –9.9 to 8.3%; P=0.42) and endoscopic recurrence in surgically induced remission (RD –3.5%; 95% CI: –16.9 to 9.8%; P=0.30). In the long term treatment, budesonide had an occurrence rate of corticosteroid-related adverse effects similar to placebo (RD 5.3%; 95% CI: –3.9 to 14.5%; P=0.30).〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Budesonide is significantly less effective than conventional corticosteroids for inducing remission in active Crohn’s disease, but the risk of corticosteroid-related adverse effects is significantly reduced. Budesonide is not effective in preventing relapse of Crohn’s disease after medically- or surgically-induced remission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00867.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural studies of the 30S subunit of ribosomes Thermus thermophilus by small-angle neutron and X-ray scattering (2000)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 33 (2000), S. 515-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Three different small-angle neutron scattering facilities, the "YUMO" camera at JINR (Dubna, Russia), the V4 camera at HMI (Berlin, Germany) and D11 camera at ILL (Grenoble, France), were used in the investigation of 30S ribosomal subunit from Thermus thermophilus. Parallel X-ray measurements on X33 camera at DESY (Hamburg, Germany) were used to control the identity of deuterated particles. The neutron and x-ray contrast variation data were interpreted by direct method using spherical harmonics. Structural models of the 30S ribosomal subunit from Thermus thermophilus and its RNA -rich core with the resolution 3.5 nm were constructed. A comparison between the 30S Thermus thermophilus and 30S E.coli models shows that primary difference between them consists in the special distributions of the protein component whereas the special distributions of the RNA component coincide well in both models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889800098009
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nachweis isolierter disseminierter Tumorzellen colorectaler Carcinome in Lymphknoten (2000)
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 71 (2000), S. 410-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Keywords: Colorectal cancer – Lymph nodes – Isolated disseminated tumor cells – Tumor cell detection. ; Schlüsselwörter: Colorectales Carcinom – Lymphknoten – isolierte disseminierte Tumorzellen – Tumorzelldetektion.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Die 5-Jahres-Überlebensrate von Patienten mit einem colorectalen Carcinom UICC Stadium I und II beträgt 70–80 %, folglich entwickeln mindestens 20–30 % der Patienten dieser Stadien innerhalb von 5 Jahren ein Tumorrezidiv. Als Ursache einer Tumorprogression nach potentiell kurativer Resektion gelten lymphogen oder hämatogen disseminierte Tumorzellen. Durch immunhistochemische und molekularbiologische Methoden gelingt bei einem großen Teil der Patienten im UICC Stadium I bzw. II ein Nachweis von disseminierten Tumorzellen in Lymphknoten. Hierdurch kann möglicherweise eine Patientengruppe identifiziert werden, die ein besonders hohes Rezidivrisiko trägt und damit von einer adjuvanten Therapie profitieren könnte. Die lymphogene Tumorzelldissemination ist bereits in den frühen Stadien des colorectalen Carcinoms ein sehr häufiges Ereignis und kann deutlich öfter als eine hämatogene Tumorzelldissemination nachgewiesen werden. Diese Ergebnisse könnten als Argument für die Bedeutung der Lymphadenektomie auch in frühen Tumorstadien gewertet werden, die Evaluierung der prognostischen Relevanz dieser Befunde in prospektiven Studien steht jedoch noch aus.
    Notes: Abstract. The 5-year survival of patients with colorectal cancer UICC stage I and II ranges from 70 % to 80 %. Therefore, at least 20 % to 30 % of these patients develop recurrent disease, caused by hematogenic or lymphogenic tumor cell dissemination. Using immunohistochemical or molecular biological methods, disseminated tumor cells can be detected in lymph nodes in a high proportion of patients in UICC stage I or II. The detection of disseminated tumor cells could help to identify a subgroup of patients at risk for disease relapse who could benefit from adjuvant therapy. Lymphogenic tumor cell dissemination seems to be a very common event in early colorectal cancer, preceding hematogenic tumor cell dissemination. Although these observations appear to confirm the therapeutic importance of meticulous lymph node dissection, their prognostic relevance has yet to be determined in prospective studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001040050827
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term small bowel allograft function induced by short-term FK 506 application is associated with split tolerance (2000)
    Springer
    Transplant international 13 (2000), S. S532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Small bowel transplantation ; Split tolerance ; FK 506 ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Functional long-term allograft survival after experimental small bowel transplantation (SBT) is limited by chronic rejection. Initial application of high-dose FK 506 has been shown to induce stable long-term graft function. In order to examine whether this long-term function is associated with donor-specific tolerance, we analyzed the functional status of recipient T cells in vivo and in vitro. One-step orthotopic SBT was performed in the allogeneic Brown Norway (BN)-to-Lewis rat strain combination. FK 506 was given daily at a dose of 2 mg/kg from days 0–5 in the rejection model and from days 0–9 in the long-term functional model. Mean survival time in the rejection model was 98 ± 2.8 days. Histological examination of these small bowel allografts disclosed signs of chronic rejection. In contrast, all animals of the long-term functional model survived long term ( 〉 250 days) without clinical signs of chronic rejection. The latter model, furthermore, produced evidence of donor-specific tolerance. Whereas heterotopic Dark Agouti (DA) hearts were rejected regularly within 7 days, BN hearts survived indefinitely ( 〉 70 days). In vitro, mixed leukocyte reactivity of CD4 + T cells was similarly strong against donor (BN) antigens as against third-party (DA) antigens. The split tolerance revealed by our in vivo and in vitro results enabled acceptance of both the small bowel allograft without signs of chronic rejection and of donor-specific heart allografts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001470050396
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Klinisch-neurologische Aspekte akut-entzündlicher Hirnerkrankungen (2000)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 40 (2000), S. 989-997 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Bakterielle Meningitis ; Enzephalitis ; Diagnostik ; Therapie ; Keywords Bacterial meningitis ; Encephalitis ; Diagnosis ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Despite the progress, which has been made in diagnosis and therapy of encephalitis and bacterial meningitis, these acute inflammatory diseases of the brain still display a certain amount of morbidity and mortality. History, physical examination, analysis of serum and cerebrospinal fluid and radiological examination are the mainstay for the diagnosis of these diseases. With respect to the acute inflammatory diseases of the brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging fulfill three purposes: 1. They can be used to clarify the diagnosis and to rule out other diseases. 2. They can identify the focus from which a bacterial meningitis can evolve. 3. Complications like edema, cerebral vasculitis, septic sinus thrombosis, hydrocephalus or abscess can be visualized. If the diagnosis is made early, the possible complications are recognized in good time and the appropriate therapy is started immediately, then morbidity and mortality can be kept at a minimum.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die bakterielle Meningitis und die Enzephalitis sind akut-entzündliche Hirnerkrankungen, die trotz aller Fortschritte in der Diagnostik und Therapie mit einer nicht unerheblichen Morbidität und Mortalität behaftet sind. Die Anamnese, die körperliche Untersuchung, die laborchemische Diagnostik von Blut und Liquor und die Bildgebung sind die wesentlichen Säulen in der Diagnostik akut-entzündlicher Hirnerkrankungen. Die Bildgebung, die mittels Computertomographie bzw. Kernspintomographie erfolgt, hat in diesem Zusammenhang 3 Aufgaben: 1. Sie kann dazu beitragen, die Diagnose zu sichern bzw. differentialdiagnostisch in Erwägung zu ziehende Erkrankungen auszuschließen oder nachzuweisen. 2. Sie kann bei der bakteriellen Meningitis entzündliche Foci im Bereich der Nasennebenhöhlen, des Mastoids oder des Mittelohrs erkennen, die sofort operativ saniert werden müssen. 3. Komplikationen akut-entzündlicher Hirnerkrankungen können bei entsprechendem klinischem Verdacht mittels Bildgebung nachgewiesen werden. Hirnödem, vaskulitische Infarkte, septische Sinusthrombose, Hydrozephalus oder Abszess stellen die wesentlichen Komplikationen dar, die zur Morbidität und Mortalität akut-entzündlicher Hirnerkrankungen beitragen und die umgehend mit einer spezifischen Therapie angegangen werden müssen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050871
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