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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erythromycin improves glycaemic control in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus (2000)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 43 (2000), S. 411-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Erythromycin, motilin, insulin, Type II diabetes mellitus, motilide.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Erythromycin mimics the effect of the gastrointestinal hormone motilin by binding to its receptor and acting as a motilin agonist. We recently found that motilin stimulates insulin secretion at lower doses than doses required to stimulate gastric contractile activity. We studied the effects of erythromycin on insulin secretion and glycaemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus.¶Methods. Inpatients (n = 34) with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus were randomly assigned to receive either erythromycin (400 mg orally three times a day, n = 19) or a placebo (n = 15) for 1 week (first study). Another 34 outpatients with Type II diabetes were also treated with erythromycin (200 mg orally three times a day, n = 17) or a placebo (n = 17) for 4 weeks (second study). Finally, nine inpatients with Type II diabetes and eight normal control subjects received intravenous erythromycin (10 mg · kg–1· h–1) or saline infusion and insulin secretion was examined (third study).¶Results. Erythromycin lowered fasting blood glucose and fructosamine concentrations (p 〈 0.01) and increased basal as well as glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (p 〈 0.05–0.01) (first study). Low doses of erythromycin treatment for 4 weeks also significantly improved glycaemic control in Type II diabetic patients (second study). Erythromycin infusion significantly increased plasma insulin and decreased glucose concentrations in Type II diabetic and control subjects and greatly potentiated glucose-induced insulin secretion in the latter (third study).¶Conclusion/interpretation. These results indicate that erythromycin given orally has an antidiabetogenic effect and therefore erythromycin derivatives that lack the antibacterial activity could have a therapeutic value in Type II diabetic patients. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 411–415]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051323
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-dependent changes in projections from locus coeruleus to hippocampus dentate gyrus and frontal cortex (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 12 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Age-dependent changes in noradrenergic innervations of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) and the frontal cortex (FC) have been studied in male F344 rats. The projections from the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) to DG or FC with advancing age (from 7 to 27 months) in rats have been quantified by electrophysiological and immunohistochemical methods. In the electrophysiological study, we observed that the percentage of LC neurons activated antidromically by electrical stimulation (P-index) of DG or FC decreased with age. We found that the percentage of LC neurons showing multiple antidromic latencies (M-index), which suggests axonal branching of individual LC neurons, increased markedly between 15 and 17 months in DG or FC. In DG, the M-index increased steadily between 15 and 24 months. In contrast, the increased M-index in FC was maintained until 24 months. The increased M-index in both targets declined at 27 months. These results suggest that LC neurons give rise to axonal branching following the loss of projections to DG or FC with age. In the immunohistochemical study, the density of dopamine-β-hydroxylase-positive axonal varicosities was measured in molecular, granule cell and polymorphic layers of DG. The density in the polymorphic layer significantly decreased in the earlier stage of ageing (7–19 months), whilst the density in the molecular and granule cell layers decreased in the later stage (27 months). These findings suggested that a layer-specific decline occurred with age in the noradrenergic axon terminals in DG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00017.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Relationship Between Consumption of Antimicrobial Agents and the Prevalence of Primary Helicobacter pylori Resistance (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Helicobacter 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-5378
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background. Primary and acquired resistance to the antimicrobial agents is a primary reason for the failure of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapies. We assessed the primary antibiotic resistance rates of H. pylori to three different antibiotics and its relationship due to the annual antibiotic consumption in Japan during the period prior to approval of anti-H. pylori therapy in Japan.Materials and Methods. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the agar dilution method for clarithromycin, amoxicillin and metronidazole. Isolates were considered resistant when the MIC value was 〉 8 mg/l for metronidazole, 〉 1 mg/l for clarithromycin and 〈 0.5 mg/l for amoxicillin.Results. Helicobacter pylori isolates were obtained from 593 Japanese patients from 1995 to 2000. Primary resistance of H. pylori to clarithromycin, metronidazole and amoxicillin was found in 11%, 9% and 0.3% strains, respectively. The proportion with clarithromycin resistance significantly increased from 7% in 1997–98 to 15.2% in 1999–2000 (p = .003). During the same period the metronidazole resistance rate also increased from 6.6% in 1997–98 to 12% in 1999–2000 (p = .02). The prevalence of clarithromycin and metronidazole was related to the annual consumption of these antimicrobial agents.Conclusion. Resistance rates for both clarithromycin and metronidazole appear to reflect the annual consumption of these agents. The high rate of clarithromycin resistance in Japan suggests that the effectiveness of clarithromycin-based therapies may be compromised in the near future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-5378.2002.00096.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of triple therapy with rabeprazole for Helicobacter pylori infection and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rabeprazole is a new, potent, proton pump inhibitor. The metabolism of rabeprazole is less dependent on CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:A total of 102 Helicobacter pylori-positive patients with gastric ulcer were randomly allocated to three groups: rabeprazole 10 mg (RAC10), rabeprazole 20 mg (RAC20) or rabeprazole 40 mg (RAC40) plus amoxicillin 750 mg and clarithromycin 200 mg twice daily for 7 days. CYP2C19 genotype was determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:All-patients-treated-based eradication rates in patients treated with RAC10, RAC20 and RAC40 were 83%, 77% and 90%, respectively, and per protocol-based eradication rates were 83%, 80% and 90%, respectively. The eradication rates in the three groups were not significantly different. There was also no significant difference between the all-patients-treated-based eradication rate in CYP2C19 extensive metabolizers and that in poor metabolizers (86% vs. 77%). Adverse events were 12% in extensive metabolizers and 23% in poor metabolizers, and the difference in these incidence rates was also not statistically significant.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Triple therapy with 10 mg of rabeprazole combined with amoxicillin/clarithromycin is effective for Japanese patients with H. pylori infection, and the H. pylori eradication rate is not affected by CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01063.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-dose ecabet sodium improves the eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori in dual therapy with lansoprazole and amoxicillin (2000)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 14 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The additive effect of ecabet sodium in combination with dual therapy on Helicobacter pylori eradication was evaluated.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods: H. pylori-positive chronic gastritis patients were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups and medicated for 2 weeks. Group LA: dual therapy (lansoprazole 30 mg o.d. plus amoxicillin 750 mg b.d.). Group LA1E: dual therapy plus ecabet sodium (1 g b.d.). Group LA2E: dual therapy plus ecabet sodium (2 g b.d.). Patients were evaluated 4 weeks after the cessation of treatment by culture and 13C-urea breath test.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Seventy-one patients (mean age, 56.6 years; range, 26–79 years; 40 males, 31 females) were enrolled in this prospective, single-blind study, and 68 completed the protocol. The eradication rates per protocol patient were 43% in group LA, 62% in group LA1E, and 79% in group LA2E, and those on the intention-to-treat basis were 42% in group LA, 57% in group LA1E and 79% in group LA2E. The eradication rate in group LA2E was significantly higher than group LA (P=0.032 in per protocol, P=0.022 in intention-to-treat). Adverse effects were observed in 10 patients in this study. There were no severe adverse effects caused by ecabet sodium.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion:High-dose ecabet sodium increases eradication rates of H. pylori in dual therapy with lansoprazole and amoxicillin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00852.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    KL-6 as a novel marker for activities of interstitial pneumonia in connective tissue diseases (2000)
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 19 (2000), S. 223-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: Key words Interstitial pneumonia ; KL-6 ; Corticosteroids ; Marker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the role of serum KL-6 levels as a marker for the activity of interstitial pneumonia in patients with connective tissue diseases. The serum concentrations of KL-6, a glycoprotein produced mainly by pulmonary type II epithelial cells, were measured in 21 patients with connective tissue disease. The activity of interstitial pneumonia was compared with the associated serum KL-6 concentrations. Serum KL-6 concentrations in patients with interstitial pneumonia were significantly higher than those in the controls. Among patients with active interstitial pneumonia, serum KL-6 concentrations following the treatment (after improvement) were significantly lower than the pretreatment values. The extent of the pulmonary fibrosis correlated positively with the serum KL-6 concentrations during the inactive phase of the interstitial pneumonia. These results suggest that sequential measurement of serum KL-6 levels is a new and useful means for the evaluation of interstitial pneumonia in patients with connective tissue diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002960000064
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