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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Neuromonitoring ; SSEP ; NIRS ; Transkonjunktivale Sauerstoffspannung ; Selektive Shunteinlage ; Key words NIRS ; Selective shunting ; Neuromonitoring ; SSEP ; Conjunctival oxygen tension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The principle of, “selective shunting” during carotid endarterectomy requires a special concept to monitor neuronal function. The valence of the oxymetric methods, “near-infrared” spectroscopy (NIRS) and conjunctival oxygen tension (pcjO2) was determined with the reference method somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP). Methods. In 41 patients undergoing reconstructive surgery on the internal carotid artery, recordings of the different methods were obtained under control, during carotid occlusion and during reperfusion. Cerebral ischemia was assumed if a complete loss of SEP appeared and an intraluminal shunt was placed. Conjunctival oxygen tension was measured continuously and simultaneously on the ipsi- and contralateral eye. Results. In comparison to the reference method (SEP) the sensitivity and specificity of NIRS was 80% and 94%, respectively. The occlusion induced reduction of NIRS appeared 6.5±3.2 min earlier than the corresponding loss of SEP. Biocular determination of conjunctival oxygen tension was not able to detect hypoperfusion dependent ischemia during carotid occlusion. Conclusion. During carotid endarterectomy the measurement of conjunctival oxygen tension is not useful to detect cerebral ischemia. The use of NIRS as a single neuronal monitor is not appropriate to perform, “selective shunting”. In contrast to SEP, however, NIRS is characterized by its rapid changes immediately following carotid occlusion. This non invasive method is likely to complete the standard method SEP in a modified monitoring concept of neuronal function during carotid endarterectomy.
    Notes: Zusamenfassung Ziel der Arbeit. Das Prinzip der selektiven Shunteinlage bei Karotisendarterektomien erfordert ein differenziertes Neuromonitoringkonzept. Die Wertigkeit der oxymetrischen Verfahren “near-infrared” Spektroskopie (NIRS) sowie des transkonjunktivalen Sauerstoffpartialdrucks (pcjO2) wurden anhand der Referenzmethode SSEP bestimmt. Methodik. Bei 41 Patienten mit elektiver Karotis-TEA wurden diese Neuromonitoringparameter unter Kontrollbedingungen, während Karotisokklusion und in der Reperfusionsphase bestimmt. Der vollständige Verlust der SSEP-Amplitude war das Kriterium zur Shunteinlage. Die Messung des transkonjunktivalen Sauerstoffpartialdrucks erfolgte zeitgleich auf dem ipsi- und kontralateralen Auge. Ergebnisse. Im Vergleich zur Referenzmethode SSEP zeigte NIRS eine Sensitivität und Spezifität von 80% und 94%. Die okklusionsbedingte Reduktion von NIRS zeigte sich im Mittel 6,5±3,2 min früher als die entsprechenden Veränderungen der SSEP-Werte. Die biokulare Bestimmung des transkonjunktivalen Sauerstoffpartialdrucks konnte die hypoperfusionsbedingte Ischämie nicht detektieren. Schlußfolgerung. Die transkonjunktivale Sauerstoffspannung ist bei Karotisendarterektomien als Neuromonitoringverfahren ungeeignet. Die alleinige Indikation zur Shunteinlage ist mittels NIRS nicht möglich. NIRS ist jedoch im Unterschied zu den SSEP durch eine rasche Änderung nach Karotisokklusion charakterisiert. NIRS ist als nicht invasive Methode geeignet, das Standardverfahren SSEP in einem modifizierten Neuromonitoringkonzept zu ergänzen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 49 (2000), S. 174-186 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Koronare Herzerkrankung ; Perioperative Myokardischämie ; Operationsrisiko ; Medikamentöse Therapie ; Key words Coronary artery disease ; Perioperative myocardial ischemia ; Surgery ; Patient safety ; Drug therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Perioperative cardiac morbidity and mortality are a major health care challenge with important individual as well as economic aspects. Up to 30% of all perioperative complications and up to 50% of all postoperative deaths are related to cardiac causes. Perioperative myocardial ischemia, which occurs in more than 40% of patients with or at risk for coronary artery disease and undergoing noncardiac surgery, represents a dynamic predictor of postoperative cardiac complications. Long-duration myocardial ischemia and ischemic episodes associated with myocardial cell damage are particularly of prognostic relevance. In patients suffering from this type of ischemia, the incidence of adverse cardiac outcome is increased up to 20-fold. Reducing the incidence of perioperative myocardial ischemia is associated with a decrease in adverse cardiac outcome. Important issues related to perioperative myocardial ischemia are hematocrit level, body temperature, and hemodynamic variables. In contrast, the choice of anesthetic agents and techniques appears to be less important. Perioperative administration of anti-ischemic drugs in patients at risk, however, leads to a further decrease in the incidence of myocardial ischemia and to an improvement in patient outcome. Recent studies suggest that alpha2- agonists and particularly beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agents are effective anti-ischemic drugs in the perioperative setting. Perioperative administration of beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agents in coronary risk patients undergoing noncardiac surgery is associated with a reduced rate of postoperative cardiac complications and an improvement in long-term outcome. This is particularly relevant in high risk patients with preoperative stress-induced ischemic episodes. In clinical practice, therefore, chronically administered anti-ischemic drugs should also be administered on the day of surgery and during the postoperative period. In untreated patients with or at risk for coronary artery disease and who have to undergo urgent surgical procedures without the opportunity of preoperative anti-ischemic intervention, perioperative administration of beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agents is mandatory.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die perioperative kardiale Morbidität und Mortalität bei Patienten mit koronarer Herzerkrankung stellt ein individuell und volkswirtschaftlich bedeutsames Gesundheitsproblem dar. Bis zu 30% aller perioperativen Komplikationen und bis zu 50% aller postoperativen Todesfälle sind auf kardiale Ursachen zurückzuführen. Perioperative Myokardischämien, die bei mehr als 40% aller koronaren Risikopatienten im Zusammenhang mit einem nichtherzchirurgischen Eingriff zu beobachten sind, gelten als dynamische Prädiktoren postoperativer kardialer Komplikationen. Dabei sind insbesondere längerdauernde bzw. mit einer myokardialen Zellschädigung einhergehende Ischämien prognostisch relevant. Treten solche Ischämien auf, so ist die Rate kardialer Komplikationen um bis zu 20fach erhöht. Eine suffiziente Prävention von perioperativen Myokardischämien reduziert die kardiale Komplikationsrate. Entscheidende perioperative Regelgrößen in diesem Zusammenhang sind der Hämatokrit, die Körpertemperatur und die Hämodynamik. Die Wahl des Anästhesieverfahrens scheint insgesamt weniger von Bedeutung zu sein. Dagegen kann der Einsatz antiischämischer Medikamente zu einer weiteren Reduktion der Ischämierate und zu einer Verbesserung des Outcomes bei koronaren Risikopatienten beitragen. Aktuelle Studien zeigen, dass Alpha2-Agonisten und v.a. Beta-Rezeptorenblocker in diesem Zusammenhang effektiv sind. Eine perioperative Applikation von Beta-Rezeptorenblockern reduziert die postoperative kardiale Komplikationsrate und verbessert das langfristige Outcome nichtherzchirurgischer koronarer Risikopatienten. Dies gilt in besonderem Maße für Hochrisikopatienten mit präoperativer Belastungsischämie. Als Leitlinie für die klinische Praxis lässt sich feststellen, dass eine chronisch applizierte antiischämische Medikation auch am Tag der Operation und postoperativ so früh als möglich weitergeführt werden sollte. Bei unbehandelten koronaren Risikopatienten, die dringlich operiert werden müssen, sollte – neben einem erweiterten perioperativen Monitoring – die prophylaktische Applikation eines Beta-Rezeptorenblockers angestrebt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European radiology 10 (2000), S. 1073-1075 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Meningeal hemangiopericytoma – MR imaging – Single photon emission computed tomography – CT – Childhood
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Meningeal hemangiopericytoma (MHP) is extremely rare in childhood. Mean age at diagnosis is between 38 and 43 years. We present an 8-year-old boy with MHP of the middle cranial fossa. Imaging findings were indistinguishable from an aggressive bone tumor such as Ewing's sarcoma. Imaging findings are presented and discussed. Our case indicates that MHP should be considered in the differential diagnosis of skull-base tumors despite the fact that MHP is extremely rare in childhood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    International journal of social welfare 10 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2397
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Sociology
    Notes: A major aim of the Labour Government elected in May 1997 was to change British social policy away from passive income maintenance towards promoting employment, investment and opportunity. Many of its policy initiatives bear the clear imprint of a social development model. Investment in education and health are seen as paramount, community rebuilding through partnership-based economic renewal and the promotion of social capital through neighbourhood renewal are all explicit priorities in the government's spending plans. Note: this approach to policy will continue in Britain now that Labour has been returned for a second term in the June 2001 general election.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 24 (2003), S. 249-261 
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Summarizes 59 organisational change efforts that had culture change as an objective. Culture change was a common type of organisational change and usually occurred in combination with other types of change. The success rate for culture change was low. Success was more likely when the sponsors were perceived to be mid-level rather than senior executives. Culture change was most often undertaken because of competition and customer issues. Statistical data were most often cited to describe successful culture change while unsuccessful change efforts were usually described by opinions. Success correlated most highly with the variables that reflected stakeholder management, manageability of the project, project staffing, sponsorship and progress monitoring. Failure correlated most strongly with ineffective leadership and the clash with the existing culture. Success factors and barriers for cultural change resembled the profile for other types of organizational change. Ends with recommendations for managing cultural change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 23 (2002), S. 93-103 
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Presents research on the contributions of consultants to organizational change. Respondents to a multi-company survey were asked to describe specific change projects. A total of 107 respondents said that consultants had supported the change effort. These respondents were asked: "What value did the consultant contribute to the change effort?", "In what ways could the consultant have been more effective in supporting the change effort?" Responses were sorted into categories: one set for contributions and a second set for improvements. The categorization led to suggestions to clarify expectations, involve stakeholders, promote communication between project staff and stakeholders, institute a change management process, and encourage the evaluation of consultant performance and feedback to consultants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 66 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : The use of high methylated (60% to 66% methylation) and low methylated (8% methylation) pectin for the continuous production of pectic-oligosaccharides in an ultrafiltration dead-end membrane reactor was investigated. Substrate concentration (1% to 5% w/v), enzyme concentration (90 to 2700 Ul-1), and residence time (40 to 120 min) were the factors studied. Response surface methodology was used to model the processes. Two responses were determined: conversion of pectin(s) into product, and product dextrose equivalent values (DE). Mathematical models were fitted for each response. Conversions to product ranged from 67% to 99.7%. Product DE values increased with increasing residence time from 27 to 70. The average molecular-weight distribution of the products obtained was 3.5 kDa when high methylated pectin was used as substrate and 3.8 kDa for low methylated pectin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 256-265 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A prototype multichannel time-resolved medical optical tomography system is presented, and various instrumental aspects and performance issues are discussed. The instrument has been designed primarily as a continuous bedside monitor for obtaining functional images of premature infants' brains that are at an increased risk of injury due to dysfunction in cerebral oxygenation or hemodynamics. Separate maps of the internal absorption and scattering properties can be reconstructed from purely temporal measurements of photons transmitted diffusely through the tissue, and without recourse to reference or baseline measurements. The instrument employs 32 source fibers that sequentially deliver near-infrared pulsed laser radiation of picosecond duration. Transit time measurements of very high temporal resolution and stability are made between these sources and 32 detector optodes that are located on the surface. The effectiveness of this instrument is demonstrated by successfully imaging a tissue-equivalent phantom. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 36 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 227 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Biochemical responses to cold and osmotic stresses overlap because each decreases the availability of free water. Since RNA-binding proteins are known to accumulate following cold stress and play key roles in regulating transcription termination, the effect of osmotic stress on expression of RNA-binding proteins was examined. The transcript levels of four genes encoding RNA-binding proteins (rbpA, rbpB, rbpC and rbpD) were monitored in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 cultures supplemented with ammonium ions or growing under nitrogen-fixing conditions. Steady-state transcript levels of all four genes increased transiently in response to a temperature shift from 30 to 20°C under both nitrogen regimes. Osmotic stress also enhanced rbpB, rbpC and rbpD gene expression in ammonium grown cultures. In the absence of a combined nitrogen source, osmotic stress repressed the short-term induction of rbp gene expression. The accumulation of RNA-binding proteins did not follow transcript levels, but remained high 24 h after stress initiation. It is concluded that nitrogen nutrition modulates the stress-responsive regulation of RNA-binding proteins in cyanobacteria, providing a potential mechanism to integrate environmental and developmental signals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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