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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significance of saliva for the denture-wearing population (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Gerodontology 17 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2358
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This paper summarises a series of studies already published in German and presents new data related to the aetiology of the dry mouth' and its associated problems.Aims: to study factors affecting mucous and serous salivary gland secretion, the aetiology of the ‘dry mouth’ and its associated problems, causative factors for hyposalivation and it's treatment Setting: two university dental hospitals.Subjects: 587 denture wearers and 521 control subjects, and autopsy material Interventions: exercise, chewing, water, oestrogen, pilocarpine, and anetholtrithion theiapy, biopsy of the minor glands Main outcome measures: Palatal secretion (PAL, μL/cm2/min) and parotid salivary flow (PAR), subjective complaints and clinical findings.Results: resting flow rates for PAL between 0 and 65 μl/cm2/min were seen in every age group. The flow rates of PAR (0 to 3.7 ml/10 min) were not correlated with PAL. Most patients with a resting flow rate of PAL≤6.0 μl/cm2 suffer from a ‘dry mouth’ and Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) or oral dysaesthesia (OD) with or without chronic lesions of the oral mucosa. Etiological factors for the incidence of reduced PAL and associated problems include xerostomic drugs, oestrogen deficiency, ladiotherapy, thyroid dysfunction, smoking or continuous wearing of complete upper dentures. PAL also correlated with the retention of upper complete dentures. PAL was correlated with the water content of epithelial tissues. PAL and PAR were both increased by drinking ample fluid, improving their circulation by physical exercises, chewing intensively, or taking oestrogens, pilocarpine, anetholtrithion.Conclusions: Variation in palatal salivary secretion occurs and is clinically important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.2000.00104.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quality Factors of Terrestrial Snail Products as Affected By the Species (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 67 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : The influence of different snail species on the quality of spiced-butter preparation was investigated with regard to labeling, using sensory and instrumental methods. Although sensory as well as instrumentally measured quality attributes indicated differences between the compared species, the sensory panel did not express a preference for a particular species. Differences were most significant between Achatina fulica and Helix aspersa, and between these compared to Helix pomatia or Helix lucorum with regard to color (lightness and redness) and texture (hardness and chewiness). Differences between H. pomatia and H. lucorum were insignificant. Consequently, labeling of products prepared from H. lucorum as non-vineyard snails on grounds of scientific reason is not necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb08874.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Status of the CO2 laser ion source at CERN : The 8th international conference on ion sources (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 924-926 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A laser ion source using a CO2 laser focused onto a solid target is under study at CERN for the production of high currents of highly charged heavy ions, for possible use in the preinjector for the large hadron collider. A new expansion and extraction layout was installed in this test facility, improving the alignment and making the target to extraction distance more flexible. A two solenoid beam transport system was studied for providing the matching of the beam to a radio-frequency quadrupole. An electrostatic beam transport using gridded electrostatic lenses was designed and constructed as an alternative to a magnetic system. Results show an increased overall current transmission for the electrostatic case. Investigation of the laser parameters required for the production of 1.4×1010 Pb25+ ions in a 5 μs pulse, has been performed using the TIR-1 laser facility at power densities up to 1014 W cm−2 for a focal spot size of 65 μm. The results of the latest scaling are presented. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150347
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance of measuring biotic and abiotic factors in the lower egg pocket to predict coho salmon egg survival (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 62 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Based on results from simulated redds of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch, the amount of fine sediment 〈0·5 mm in the lower half of the egg pocket, rather than the entire egg pocket of the redd, was a strong predictor of egg survival to hatching ( r2 = 0·62). The relationship was much stronger than observed in other studies, which typically ignore egg pocket structure. Abundance of a fish egg-eating worm, Haplotaxis ichthyophagous, an oligochaete that may have been attracted to fine sediment and dead eggs in the egg pocket, was also associated with a decrease in egg survival. The worm, however, accounted for little of the variance in survival compared to fine sediment. Only 10% fine sediment (〈0·5 mm) in the lower pocket was required to decrease survival from 100 to 5%. Other abiotic factors had weaker (gravel permeability) or non-existent (dissolved oxygen) correlations with survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00039.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on natural recovery from alcohol dependence: sample selection bias by media solicitation? (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Carfax Publishing, Taylor & Francis Ltd
    Addiction 95 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Aims. To assess the selection bias of recruiting participants in studies on natural recovery from alcohol dependence through media solicitation. Design. Two samples with different recruitment strategies are compared. Setting. Media solicitation and general population. Participants. Sample 1 consists of 176 alcohol-dependent individuals remitted without formal help and recruited through media solicatation, sample 2 consists of 32 natural remitters derived from a representative general population study with a sample size of 4075 respondents and a response rate of 70.2%. Measurements. Several triggering mechanisms and maintenance factors of remission were assessed in a personal interview using standardized questionnaires. Findings. Results of logistic regression analyses show that media-solicited subjects were more often abstinent in the last 12 months, were more severely dependent, were less satisfied with eight life domains prior to remission and showed higher scores in a coping behaviour measure. Besides these major differences from the multivariate analysis, media subjects revealed more health problems prior to remission, experienced more social pressure to change drinking behaviour, and showed differences in reasons for not seeking help. Conclusions. Media solicitation leads to a sample selection bias in research on natural recovery from alcohol dependence. When measures to foster self-change are derived from such studies, findings from representative samples have to be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2000.95576512.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Types of natural recovery from alcohol dependence: a cluster analytic approach (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Addiction 98 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Background  Social capital and a low severity of alcohol-related problems have been focused upon to explain the processes of natural recovery from alcohol dependence. However, studies using control groups have not found significant differences in these variables. Subtypes of natural remission which might account for this inconsistency have only been described on grounds of qualitative data.Aims  To identify subtypes of natural remitters using cluster analysis.Participants  One hundred and seventy-eight media-recruited natural remitters were interviewed personally. Several triggering mechanisms and maintenance factors of remission were assessed using standardized questionnaires. Based on age of onset and severity of dependence, adverse consequences from drinking, social pressure and social support, cluster analyses were performed.Results  Cluster analyses yielded three groups of natural remitters: one cluster with a high severity of dependence, low alcohol-related problems and low social support (‘low problems—low support’; n = 65), one group characterized by high severity of dependence, high alcohol-related problems and medium social support (‘high problems—medium support’; n = 37), and a third group which consisted of subjects with high social support, late age of onset, low severity of dependence, and low alcohol-related problems (‘low problems—high support’; n = 76). Cluster solutions were confirmed using discriminant analyses. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) revealed further group differences on other triggering and maintaining factors of remission.Conclusions  Failure to identify specific pointers to natural recovery in previous research might be due to heterogeneous subgroups of natural remitters. In order to build a conceptual framework for understanding the processes of natural recovery, interactions of different independent variables should be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2003.00571.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors influencing remission from alcohol dependence without formal help in a representative population sample (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Carfax Publishing, part of the Taylor & Francis Group
    Addiction 96 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: 
 Aims. To analyse factors related to remission without formal help by using a representative sample and standardized instruments. 
Design. Two groups of untreated alcohol-dependent subjects were compared. 
Setting. General population survey. 
Participants. Thirty-two subjects fully remitted without formal help (NFH) and 26 current alcohol-dependent individuals (CAD) according to DSM-IV drawn from a representative general population sample in northern Germany (response rate: 70.2%, n = 4075). 
Measurements. Data focusing on the 2 years prior to remission from NFH were compared with past-year data from CAD. Groups were compared on variables found to be associated with remission without formal help in previous research. 
Findings. Logistic regression analysis revealed that individuals remitted from alcohol-dependence without formal help reported a higher non-physiological severity of alcohol dependence, less social pressure to quit drinking and more incidents of driving while intoxicated. Furthermore, they tended to report more satisfaction with work and financial situation and were more likely to live in a stable partnership. 
Conclusions. Findings support the concept of psychosocial resources as important enabling factors in remission from alcohol dependence without formal help. Implications for brief interventions are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.969132712.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mandibular pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 37 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims: Three unusual cases of pseudocarcinomatous (pseudoepitheliomatous) hyperplasia (PH) affecting chronic osteomyelitic mandibular sequestra are reported to highlight the differences with the various squamous neoplasms which occur in that site. Methods and results: In two patients carrying a mandibular graft following the excision of an ameloblastoma, mucosal ulcers resulted in chronic osteomyelitis. In a third patient, an apical dental infection was associated with fistulated osteomyelitis. Histology of the three sequestra showed an intraosseous squamous proliferation. It was characterized by a peripheral involvement of medullary spaces, the more mature epithelial layer covering the bone trabeculae without intervening stroma, and the basal type epithelial layer surrounding a central fibrovascular core. There were no histological or cytological signs of malignancy. Conclusions: PH shows an inverted pattern when compared with the centro-medullary tumoural islands seen in the various oral or odontogenic squamous neoplasms which occur in the jaws. The lack of signs of malignancy distinguish PH from common squamous cell carcinomas. A short clinical course is an important feature in the distinction of PH from the well differentiated squamous cell carcinomas which may develop in fistulated chronic osteomyelitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2000.00949.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of locally-delivered human macrophage products and estrogen on murine inflammatory bone resorption (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 37 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The objective of this study was to use an in vivo model of jreiodontitis (mouse calvaria) to quantify the effects of local release of secreted human macrophage products, 17β-estradiol (E2), and proinflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on histologic bone resorption. Human THP-1 monocytes (106) were converted to macrophage phenotype by 500 ng/ml phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and treated as follows: no stimulation or Escherichia coli LPS (10 µg/ml) alone or in combination with a physiologic dose of E2 (100 pg/ml) for 24 h in RPMI/10% FBS, washed extensively, then incubated for 24 h in serum-free media. Sujrenatant products were concentrated and incorporated into a 4% (w/v) methylcellulose gel. Separate gels were incorporated with the following: LPS (500 µg/animal) alone, high dose of E2 (10 ng/animal) alone, a combination of LPS+E2, or gel only (controls). Loaded or control gels were placed into a polylactic acid occlusive dome, inserted subcutaneously over the calvaria of mature ovariectomized ICR Swiss mice (8 mice×7 groups×2 times [5/14 days] = 112 animals), then calvaria were evaluated histologically. Macrophage stimulation with LPS alone, but not LPS in combination with E2, produced sujrenatants which upregulated osteoclast numbers in the suture area compared to gel controls at 5 days (p = 0.009). The addition of LPS directly to the local delivery gels significantly upregulated osteoclasts in endosteal surfaces compared to gel controls at 5 days (p = 0.024) and at 14 days (p = 0.025). The addition of E2 to LPS down-regulated resorption to a level not different from gel controls at 14 days. This in vivo model appears effective in studying inflammatory bone resorption, which may be inhibited by E2 directly or through its influence on secreted macrophage products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0765.2001.00027.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Looking Through Northern Exposure at Jewish American Identity and the Communication Theory of Identity (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of communication 52 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2466
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism
    Notes: This study explores Jewish American identity from a communication theory of identity perspective. We analyzed six episodes of the television show, Northern Exposure, for their representation of Jewish American identity. Next, the shows were edited into video segments reflecting the themes and shown to 26 Jewish Americans in order to elicit their perceptions of the communal expressions of Jewish identity. The study initially focuses on a communal representation of this group-based identity in order to understand how it is portrayed in collective consciousness. We then examine how this representation has interpenetrated the individual, interactional, and relational levels of identity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02577.x
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