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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitatory amino acid transporter 1 and 2 immunoreactivity in the spinal cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 100 (2000), S. 138-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Motor neuron disease ; Excitatory amino acid ; Astroglial glutamate transporter ; Spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The spinal cord of 20 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 5 patients with lower motor neuron disease (LMND) were investigated immunohistochemically using anti-human excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1) and EAAT2 antibodies which are the astrocytic transporters. The purpose of the study was to examine relationships between EAAT1 and EAAT2 immunoreactivity and degeneration of anterior horn neurons. Specimens from 20 patients without any neurological disease served as controls. In controls, spinal cord gray matter was densely immunostained by antibodies, whereas the white matter was generally not immunostained. In motor neuron disease (MND) patients, EAAT1 immunoreactivity was relatively well preserved in the gray matter despite neuronal loss of anterior horn cells. On the other hand, EAAT2 immunoreactivity in anterior horns correlated with the degree of neuronal loss of anterior horn cells: in the patients with mild neuronal depletion, anterior horns were densely immunostained by the antibody, whereas in the patients with severe neuronal loss, EAAT2 expression was markedly reduced. Degenerated anterior horn cells frequently showed a much denser EAAT1 and EAAT2 immunoreactivity around the surface of the neurons and their neuronal processes than that observed in normal-appearing neurons. There was no difference in the expression of EAAT1 and EAAT2 immunoreactivity between LMND and ALS patients. These findings suggest that in the early stage of degeneration of anterior horn cells, EAAT1 and EAAT2 immunoreactivity is preserved in the astrocytic foot directly attached to normal-appearing neurons, whereas levels of EAAT1 and EAAT2 protein rather increase in the astrocytic foot directly attached to degenerated anterior horn neurons; the latter effect most probably reduces the elevated glutamate level, compensates for the reduced function of astroglial glutamate transporters, or represents a condensation of EAAT1 and EAAT2 immunoreactivity secondary to loss of neurites and greater condensation of astrocytic processes. Thus, we demonstrate a difference in EAAT1 and EAAT2 immunoreactivity in different stages of progression in ALS, as a feature of the pathomechanism of this disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004019900159
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonoxidative protein glycation is implicated in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with superoxide dismutase-1 mutation (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 100 (2000), S. 275-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Imidazolone ; Nɛ-carboxymethyl-lysine ; Pyrraline ; Superoxide dismutase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To assess a role for oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we analyzed the immunohistochemical localization of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (OHdG) as a nucleic acid oxidation product, acrolein-protein adduct and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-protein adduct as lipid peroxidation products, N ɛ-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) as a lipid peroxidation or protein glycoxidation product, pentosidine as a protein glycoxidation product, and imidazolone and pyrraline as nonoxidative protein glycation products in the spinal cord of three familial ALS patients with superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) A4V mutation, six sporadic ALS patients, and six age-matched control individuals. The spinal cord sections of the control cases did not show any distinct immunoreactivities for these examined products. In the familial ALS cases, intense immunoreactivities for pyrraline and CML were confined to the characteristic Lewy body-like hyaline inclusions, and imidazolone immunoreactivity was located in the cytoplasm of the residual motor neurons. No significant immunoreactivities for other examined products were detected in the familial ALS spinal cords. In the sporadic ALS cases, intense immunoreactivities for pentosidine, CML and HNE-protein adduct were seen in the cytoplasm of the degenerated motor neurons, and OHdG immunoreactivity was located in the cell nuclei of the residual neurons and glial cells. The present results indicate that oxidative reactions are involved in the disease processes of sporadic ALS, while there is no evidence for increased oxidative damage except for CML deposition in the familial ALS spinal cords. Furthermore, it is likely that the accumulation of pyrraline and imidazolone supports a nonoxidative mechanism in SOD1-related motor neuron degeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004019900173
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of human fibroblast growth and other dermatological effects induced by cell extract from heat-shocked blue green alga (Cyanobacteria) (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 26 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: It has been known that high amounts of ‘heat shock proteins (HSPs)’ are produced under heat and other environmental stresses in cells. Recently, it was reported that HSP could also be accumulated in some dermal cells to protect the cellular proteins from damage caused by ultraviolet radiation. Here, the authors have focused on thermophilic cyanobacteria and the heat shock treatment. Thermophilic cyanobacteria are known to thrive under extreme environmental conditions, and produce distinctively high amounts of HSP when exposed to higher temperatures. We tested cell extract from heat-shocked cyanobacterial cells on a number of skin-related biological activities and found it significantly effective. The cyanobacterial cells, originally collected from a spa as hot as 55 °C, were cultivated in the laboratory at 50 °C and broken by a freeze-fracture method. The extract thus obtained had a superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and inhibited lipid peroxide formation. We found that the extract obtained from the heat-shocked (at 63 °C) cells showed a much stronger SOD-like activity, while the inhibitory effect on lipid peroxide formation remained almost the same. Furthermore, the SOD-like activity could withstand heat up to 70 °C for as long as 1 h. Most remarkably, supplementing this heat-shocked extract strongly promoted the proliferation of human dermal fibroblast culture. Extracts from the cells grown at a regular temperature (50 °C) did not promote the proliferation of the fibroblasts. The heat-shocked extract was fractionated by ultrafiltration for further analysis. A fraction (molecular weight: 10 000–30 000) has shown the strongest activity so far. These results indicate that the heat-shocked cyanobacterial extract with its increased amounts of HSPs is a promising potent ingredient for anti-aging cosmetic materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2004.00224_5.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antioxidant Activity of Whey in a Salmon Oil Emulsion (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 65 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The antioxidant capabilities of whey in a Tween 20TM-stabilized salmon emulsion were investigated. Whey fractions inhibited formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and lipid peroxides in a 10 % salmon oil emulsion in the order of whey 〉 high-molecular-weight (HMW) fraction 〉 low-molecular-weight fraction. Heating the HMW fraction exposed sulfhydryls, with optimum exposure at 80 °C. Heating the HMW fraction above 80 °C increased antioxidant activity. The HMW fraction of whey (80 °C) alone, α-tocopherol (40 ppm) alone, and their combination inhibited TBARS 59,19 and 86%, respectively, at 21 d of storage. Sulfhydryls oxidized before a-tocopherol, suggesting that sulfhydryls are the primary antioxidant. Results indicate that whey proteins could be useful antioxidants in food emulsions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2000.tb10606.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The origin of multiple superconducting gaps in MgB 2 (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 423 (2003), S. 65-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Magnesium diboride, MgB2, has the highest transition temperature (Tc = 39 K) of the known metallic superconductors. Whether the anomalously high Tc can be described within the conventional BCS (Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer) framework has ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01619
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kondo effect in an integer-spin quantum dot (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 405 (2000), S. 764-767 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Kondo effect—a many-body phenomenon in condensed-matter physics involving the interaction between a localized spin and free electrons—was discovered in metals containing small amounts of magnetic impurities, although it is now recognized to be of fundamental importance in a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35015509
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite element analysis of the temperature and thermal stress in a postrestored tooth (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  The finite element method was used to calculate temperature and thermal stress distribution as a result of hot/cold liquid in the mouth. This numerical study was carried out using axisymmetric finite element models and the tooth model was endodontically treated restored with cast post and cores. The two tooth models evaluated were Ti–Ti alloy and NiCr–AuPd alloy as post material and crown material with porcelain. First, temperature changes on the restored tooth as a result of hot/cold liquid in the mouth were calculated and then the thermal stress as a result of temperature changes were carried out. A fortran computer program was developed for this study. The tooth was assumed isotropic, homogenous, elastic and symmetrical. The distribution of temperature and thermal stress versus time were plotted for four critical points.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01071.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature and thermal stress analysis of a crowned maxillary second premolar tooth using three-dimensional finite element method (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  The purpose of this study was to calculate the temperature and thermal stress distribution as a result of hot/cold liquid in the mouth. This numerical study was carried out using three-dimensional finite element models and the tooth model was crowned with Au–Pd alloy, Ni–Cr alloy and porcelain. In the first part of the study, temperature changes as a result of hot/cold liquid in the mouth were calculated. In the second part, the thermal stresses caused by temperature changes were obtained. The tooth was assumed isotropic, homogenous, elastic and unsymmetrical. The authors using fortran 77 prepared all calculation programs. The distribution of temperature and thermal stress were plotted for some critical points.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.00971.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of carbon nanotubes grown by microwave-plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 3468-3470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Carbon nanotubes grown on a Ni substrate and an Fe–Ni–Cr alloy substrate by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition were investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. TEM showed that the nanotubes on both substrates have a piled-cone structure with metal particles on top which determine the diameter of the nanotubes. Their diameter ranges from 60 to 80 nm. Moreover, EDX showed that the metal particles are composed of Ni when the nanotubes are grown on Ni substrate and of Fe and Ni in the case of the Fe–Ni–Cr alloy substrate. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1317534
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the EP4 Prostaglandin E2 Receptor Subtype with Rat Dextran Sodium Sulphate Colitis: Colitis Suppression by a Selective Agonist, ONO-AE1-329 (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 56 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Expression of the EP4 receptor, a prostaglandin (PG)E2 receptor subtype, as well as disease suppression by the administration of a selective EP4 agonist (ONO-AE1-329) was investigated in the colorectal mucosa of rats with dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis. Rats were given drinking water containing 3% DSS for 2 weeks. Expression of EP4 receptor mRNA was barely detectable under normal conditions according to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). By 1 week after the initial administration of DSS, the receptor mRNA was strongly expressed. After ONO-AE1-329 was administered intracolonically to rats with DSS colitis for 7 consecutive days, erosion and ulceration decreased. Peripheral white blood cell (WBC) counts became less elevated. Interleukin (IL)-1β and growth-regulated gene product/cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (GRO/CINC-1) concentrations in colorectal mucosa were lower than in colitis control group (IL-1β: 12.8 ± 4.6 and 30.8 ± 6.2 µg/mg protein, P 〈 0.05; GRO/CINC-1: 15.5 ± 3.0 and 39.2 ± 5.4 µg/mg protein, P 〈 0.05), and the expression of the corresponding cytokine mRNA was strongly suppressed. IL-10 concentration was higher than in control group (14.5 ± 1.7 and 7.9 ± 1.2 µg/mg, P 〈 0.05), and the mRNA was more strongly expressed. These results suggest that the EP4 receptor is important in colonic inflammation, and that PGE2 suppresses DSS colitis at least partly via the EP4 receptor and the above cytokine changes. Intracolonic administration of selective EP4 agonist might have therapeutic applicability in inflammatory bowel disease such as ulcerative colitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01096.x
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