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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 115 (2001), S. 8868-8875 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report on the hyperfine structure of N=1, J=3/2 levels of 62 NO2 vibronic states in the 16 850–21 500 cm−1 region, as determined via quantum beat spectroscopy. The hyperfine structure of these levels of mixed A˜ 2B2/X˜ 2A1 electronic character is dominated by the X˜ 2A1 Fermi-contact interaction, and a decrease in the hyperfine splittings with increasing energy is revealed when our results are compared with previous studies in the 11 200–13 700 cm−1 region. This comparison also reveals the loss of a correlation between band intensity and Fermi-contact constant. A detailed comparison of our results with theoretical predictions for the 16 600–18 700 cm−1 region is presented. We find that vibrational averaging of the X˜ 2A1 Fermi-contact interaction is reflected in the hyperfine interaction of bands in this region, and should also be a factor in producing the small hyperfine splittings observed at energies near dissociation threshold. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 116 (2002), S. 525-531 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The sign and magnitude of Landé gF factors for single NO2 rovibronic (J=3/2) eigenstates in the 15 cm−1 region below dissociation threshold (D0=25 128.57 cm−1) were investigated using Zeeman quantum-beat spectroscopy. The derived Landé gF factors exhibit pronounced fluctuations about an average much smaller than expected in the absence of rovibronic perturbations, which destroy the goodness of the N and K quantum numbers and the J=N+S coupling scheme. The F=J+I coupling scheme was found to be valid near D0 to within the uncertainty of our measurements, and the average Landé gF factors near dissociation threshold are in good agreement with those calculated under the assumption of complete rovibronic mixing. Our findings do not provide evidence for the participation of repulsive quartet states near dissociation threshold. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 10067-10069 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report the first direct measurement of the hyperfine structure of single NO2 molecular eigenstates in the 2.53 cm−1 region below dissociation threshold (D0), using the method of polarization quantum beat spectroscopy (QBS). The hyperfine interaction of these loosely bound states is substantially weaker (on the average by a factor of ∼5) than found at energies below 22 000 cm−1, but is similar on the average to that observed 50–150 cm−1 below threshold. The implications of our results regarding the participation of additional electronic states near D0 are discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Background: Parent training is one of the most effective treatments for young children with conduct problems. However, not every family benefits from this approach and approximately one-third of children remain in the clinical range at follow-up assessments. Little is known about factors affecting treatment outcome for young children.Method: Hierarchical linear modeling methods were used to examine the effects of child attentional risk factors (inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity problems), parental and familial risk factors upon the efficacy of a parent training program to decrease boys’ conduct problems. Mothers of 81 boys, four to seven years of age, exhibiting conduct problems attended a parent training program (The Incredible Years) which lasted 22 to 24 weeks. Treatment effectiveness was assessed at one month and one year post treatment by means of independent home observations, parent and teacher reports.Results: Results indicated significant decreases in observations of mothers’ negative parenting interactions with their children and decreases in their conduct problems according to mother reports and independent observations at home. Boys with elevated ratings of attentional problems in addition to conduct problems showed similar benefits from the parent training program as the boys who did not have attentional problems.Conclusion: This study suggests that parent training is equally effective for boys with both conduct problems and attentional problems as it is for boys with conduct problems without these attentional problems. In fact, boys rated in the Borderline or Clinical range for attentional problems evidenced a greater decrease in externalizing behavior problems as rated by their mothers. Surprisingly, the predictor variables of depression, stress, and socioeconomic status were not significant contributors at either initial status or growth over time whether outcomes were measured by child conduct problems or parenting interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Dandruff is a common problem in approximately 30% of the world's population. Reports in the literature regarding treatment of this condition with various antidandruff shampoos usually report the level of active ingredient within the formulation. However, we propose that a more important parameter relating to antidandruff efficacy is the amount of active ingredient delivered to the scalp from the shampoo. This report describes the results from two studies designed to investigate the relationship between the level of zinc pyrithione (ZnPTO) deposited onto the scalp and the resultant scalp condition. A double-blind randomized vehicle-controlled clinical study comparing three shampoos – a vehicle, a low-depositing ZnPTO shampoo and a high-depositing ZnPTO shampoo – was carried out in the U.K. with 53 panelists with dandruff or mild-to-moderate seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. Both shampoos containing ZnPTO were significantly superior in antidandruff efficacy to the vehicle. Furthermore, the high-depositing ZnPTO shampoo was significantly superior compared with the low-depositing ZnPTO shampoo in terms of both antidandruff efficacy and antimycotic activity. Antidandruff performance and antimycotic activity of ZnPTO-containing shampoos is highly dependent on the amount of active ingredient delivered to the scalp. Furthermore, careful manipulation of the formulation parameters of an antidandruff shampoo can result in enhanced levels of delivery of the active ingredient without having to increase the level of active ingredient within the formulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. o778-o780 
    ISSN: 1600-5368
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The structure of the title compound, C14H14N2O4S, has been determined as part of an investigation into the structure and substitution patterns in benzenesulfonyl-protected pyrroles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 56 (2000), S. 489-491 
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Transhydrogenase is a membrane protein which uses the energy of the proton motive force to drive the reduction of NADP+ by NADH. The enzyme has three domains: dII spans the membrane, while dI and dIII protrude from the membrane and contain the binding sites for NAD(H) and NADP(H), respectively. DIII from human heart transhydrogenase has been expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified protein has been crystallized with bound NADP+ using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method with ammonium sulfate as a precipitant. The crystals belong to the tetragonal space group P4122 or P4322, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 58.1, c = 251.0 Å. A 2.1 Å resolution native data set has been collected with an Rmerge of 6.8%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. 445-447 
    ISSN: 1399-0047
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: NADPH 2-ketopropyl-coenzyme M (2-mercaptoethanesulfonate) oxidoreductase/carboxylase is the terminal enzyme in a metabolic pathway that results in the conversion of propylene to the central metabolite acetoacetate. This enzyme is an FAD-containing enzyme that is a member of the NADPH:disulfide oxidoreductase family of enzymes and catalyzes the cleavage and carboxylation of 2-ketopropyl-coenzyme M to form acetoacetate and coenzyme M. Crystallization trials have revealed that the highest diffraction quality crystals (better that 2.0 Å resolution) could be achieved when the substrate or product of the reaction was added to the enzyme in a stoichiometric excess.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Polar research 19 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1751-8369
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Petroleum and mineral exploration and extraction, hydroelectric development, atmospheric transport of contaminants, timber harvesting and tourism are increasing worldwide, especially in the Arctic. This development may adversely affect populations of reindeer/caribou (Rangifer tarandus) which are the basis of subsistence economies for northern indigenous peoples. Our purpose is to present a survey of the literature that has investigated the response of reindeer/caribou to human activities. Individuals and groups of reindeer/caribou: 1) move away from point sources of disturbance; 2) increase activity and energy expenditure near disturbance; 3) delay crossing or fail to cross linear structures; 4) shift away from areas of extensive and intensive development; and 5) are killed by collisions with vehicles and by hunting along roads. Cows and calves during the calving season are the most easily disturbed group. Bulls in general and all reindeer/caribou during insect harassment are least likely to avoid development areas. Estimation of the proportion of a population that is exposed to disturbance and the implications of this exposure to annual energy budgets, survival and productivity of reindeer/caribou has received little attention. Future advances in understanding the implications of human disturbance to reindeer/caribou will require cumulative effects assessment at annual, population and regional scales. Although some level of cumulative effect is likely, clear separation of cumulative effects of development from natural variation in caribou habitat use and demography will be difficult.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of marital and family therapy 29 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1752-0606
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: This article briefly reviews 20 meta-analyses of marital and family interventions. These metaanalyses support the efficacy of both MFT for distressed couples, and marital and family enrichment. Those effects are slightly reduced at follow-up, but still significant. Differences among kinds of marital and family interventions tend to be small. MFT produce clinically significant results in 40–50% of those treated, but the effects of MFT in clinically representative settings have not been much studied. The article also introduces the concept of meta-analytically supported treatments (MASTs), which are treatments that meet certain criteria for efficacy in meta-analysis, and which remedy certain problems in the empirically supported treatment (EST) literature. The article concludes with recommendations for doing better meta-analyses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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