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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of Total Charge Content of Whiskey by Polyelectrolyte Titration: Alteration of Polyphenols (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 67 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Whiskeys with maturation periods of 1 to 26 y were analyzed by polyelectrolyte titration at various pH levels. The amounts of charge (polyelectrolyte concentration), which were mainly attributable to polyphenols which were extracted from wood casks during the maturation, were determined. The amounts of charge, namely polyphenols, increased with increasing periods of maturation. On the other hand, the ratio of amounts of charge in the alkaline region compared to those in the neutral region became smaller with longer storage. It was found that polyphenols were extracted over time from the wood cask by whiskey, but they were oxidized to alter the polyphenol compositions, which stabilized clusters (molecular association) between alcohol and water to make whiskeys mellow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb08832.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-regeneration of a Pd-perovskite catalyst for automotive emissions control (2002)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 418 (2002), S. 164-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Catalytic converters are widely used to reduce the amounts of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons in automotive emissions. The catalysts are finely divided precious-metal particles dispersed on a solid support. During vehicle use, the converter is exposed to heat, which ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature00893
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic-field-induced superconductivity in a two-dimensional organic conductor (2001)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 410 (2001), S. 908-910 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The application of a sufficiently strong magnetic field to a superconductor will, in general, destroy the superconducting state. Two mechanisms are responsible for this. The first is the Zeeman effect, which breaks apart the paired electrons if they are in a spin-singlet (but not a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35073531
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preface (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 10 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2001.00352.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mast cells play a partial role in allergen-induced subepithelial fibrosis in a murine model of allergic asthma (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Role of mast cells in the development of allergen-induced airway remodelling has not been fully investigated in vivo.Objective To clarify the possible role of mast cells in the development of allergen-induced airway remodelling, we compared their responses of genetically mast cell-deficient mice, WBB6F1-W/Wv (c-kit mutant) and Sl/Sld (c-kit ligand mutant) mice with those of congenic normal mice in a murine model of allergic asthma.Methods Mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OA) with alum, and exposed daily for 3 weeks to aerosolized OA. Twenty-four hours after the last inhalation, bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine (Ach) was measured, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and biochemical and histological examinations were performed.Results In both sensitized mast cell-deficient mice, the degree of bronchial hyper-responsiveness to Ach, the number of inflammatory cells and the level of transforming growth factor-β1 in BAL fluid, IgE response and goblet cell hyperplasia in the epithelium after repeated allergen provocation were not significantly different from those of congenic mice. In contrast, subepithelial fibrosis, evaluated in the fibrotic area around the airways, observed in congenic mice after repeated allergen challenge was partially attenuated in both mast cell-deficient mice. In addition, the amount of hydroxyproline in the lung of mast cell-deficient mice was significantly lower than that of congenic mice. Furthermore, the decreased fibrotic area and amount of hydroxyproline in W/Wv mice was completely recovered by reconstitution of tissue mast cells with bone marrow-derived mast cells of congenic mice.Conclusion These findings suggest that mast cells play a partial role in the development of allergen-induced subepithelial fibrosis, although airway inflammation, epithelial remodelling and BHR caused by repeated allergen challenge are independent of mast cells, at least in this model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01588.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ebastine inhibits T cell migration, production of Th2-type cytokines and proinflammatory cytokines (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Cytokine imbalance and cellular migration to inflammatory sites are critical components of allergic diseases. Redirecting cytokine imbalance and inhibiting cell migration therefore represent important therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these disorders.Objectives  To study the in vitro effect of ebastine, a novel non-sedating H1 receptor antagonist, on cytokine secretion and migration of activated T cells, as well as production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages.Methods  Peripheral T cells obtained from healthy volunteers were cultured in wells coated with the combination of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and anti-CD26 mAb, anti-CD3 mAb and anti-CD28 mAb, or anti-CD3 mAb with PMA, in the presence or absence of ebastine. T cell proliferation and the production of cytokines were measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation assay and ELISA, respectively. In addition, transendothelial migration of T cells and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages were examined.Results  Ebastine inhibited T cell proliferation and the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and TNF-α by T cells under each co-stimulatory condition tested, whereas it exhibited no effect on the production of IL-2 or IFN-γ. In addition, T cell migration and the production of such pro-inflammatory cytokines as TNF-α and IL-6 by macrophages were inhibited by ebastine.Conclusions  These results indicate that ebastine has a specific inhibitory effect on Th2-type cytokine production. Moreover, ebastine inhibited T cell migration and pro-inflammatory cytokine production by T cells and macrophages, suggesting that ebastine might be useful for the treatment of T cell-mediated allergic inflammatory disorders, including asthma, atopic dermatitis, and Th2-type autoimmune diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01701.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Translucency of glass-fibre-reinforced composite materials (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 31 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  The purpose of this study was to examine the translucency of glass-fibre-reinforced composite framework materials. Vectris and FibreKor, as well as an experimental material, were the glass-fibre-reinforced framework materials used. Targis, Sculpture and Estenia were the types of particulate filler composites veneered onto frameworks. Specimens were fabricated from each material, 0·5 and 1·0 mm thick. In addition, laminate specimens, 1·5 mm thick, were fabricated. The translucency of each specimen was evaluated by determining its contrast ratio. The laminate specimens were examined for colour differences. The experimental framework material was more translucent than the enamel composite when it was not coloured, and was nearly as translucent as the dentine composite when coloured. The commercial tooth-coloured framework materials were nearly as translucent as the dentine composite. It was found that it was possible to reproduce the same colour as the veneering dentine composite, when the framework thickness was 0·5 mm, except in the case of FibreKor. Within the limitations of this study, tooth-coloured, glass-fibre-reinforced framework materials are nearly as translucent as the veneering dentine composite, but these materials affect the colour of the prosthesis if the thickness of the framework material is increased beyond a certain point.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2004.01296.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of change of oral sensory input accordance with the experimental occlusal interference on electroencephalogram (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 29 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study is to clarify the effect of the change of oral sensory input on brain function and to confirm whether it can be detected electroencephalographically.Eight healthy dentate dental students were selected as subjects, and asked to wear the experimental occlusal interference on the right second molar for 1 week. Simultaneous recordings were made with electromyograms (EMG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) before and after maximum clenching. Evaluation by visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaires was also done. Twelve-session experiments were carried out over a period of 12 days. Daily changes of EMG activity of masticatory muscle, six comfort parameters (VAS), and EEG caused by premature contact were analysed statistically applying repeated measured anova and Tukey–Kramer analysis.The discomfort which was described by VAS did not disappear during the interference period. Just after applying the interference, EMG activity during clenching was decreased significantly (P 〈 0·01) compared with control. Significant change in EEGs between before and after clenching were observed, that is, the percentage power fraction of β wave (%β) tends to increase. On the contrary, %α in EEGs after clenching decreased significantly (P 〈 0·01) compared with before clenching during the interference period, as verified by VAS evaluation.In conclusion, it is suggested that the decrease of %α in EEGs after clenching may be caused by premature contact influence on the masticatory system, reflected in the presence of discomfort during occlusion, and somatosensor information from the occlusal sensation might be recognized in the higher centre of the brain, and the possibility of detecting change might be indicated electroencephalographically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2002.01026_37.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positive effect of the high-molecular-weight glutenin allele, Glu-D1d, on the bread-making quality of common wheat (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 122 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The seed storage proteins of wheat flour are the determinants of bread-making quality. Many cultivars having good bread-making quality carry the Glu-D1d allele responsible for the development of glutenin, a major seed storage protein. The Glu-D1d allele was introduced into four leading Japanese wheat cultivars by recurrent backcrossing and the quality of these near-isogenic lines (NILs) was evaluated by the sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation value of their flour. The values for the NILs were significantly higher than for the corresponding recipient cultivars. However, the values did not reach the level of the cultivar that had been used as the donor of the Glu-D1d allele.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0523.2003.00847.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of a pressure driven m=1 mode in a lower hybrid current drive plasma by electron cyclotron heating in the WT-3 tokamak (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 276-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A pressure driven m=1/n=1 mode is excited by lower hybrid current drive in the WT-3 tokamak [T. Maehara et al., Nucl. Fusion 38, 39 (1998)]. The excitation of the mode is accompanied with the decrease of the magnetic shear and with the peaking of the soft x-ray emissivity profile inside the q=1 surface. The crescent-shaped mode structure appeared on the contour map of the soft x-ray emissivity is consistent with that of the quasi-interchange mode. The m=1 mode can be suppressed by electron cyclotron heating near the q=1 surface. The range of the location of the electron cyclotron resonance layer effective for the complete suppression is much wider and the time scale for the suppression is much faster than those in the case of the suppression of the tearing mode in the ohmic heating plasma. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873823
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