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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palaeomagnetism applied to magnetic anomaly interpretation: a new twist to the search for mineralisation in northern Chile (2000)
    Springer
    Mineralium deposita 35 (2000), S. 377-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1866
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Chilean Iron Belt is an important location for Fe and Cu(Fe)-Au deposits and includes the recently developed Candelaria deposit, which is located some 20 km south of the city of Copiapó in northern Chile. This mine is now a major Cu producer in Chile but its discovery in the late 1980s was relatively fortuitous. The exploration programme included a ground magnetic survey from which lessons can be learnt in the search for further such deposits. Palaeomagnetic studies throughout the northern part of the Chilean Iron Belt indicate major crustal rotation of the region, probably, related to oblique convergence and transpression at the Andean Margin. The application of palaeomagnetic techniques to a magnetite-apatite deposit, Mina Fresia, indicates that magnetite-rich ores in this area are capable of maintaining a significant remanence component which will contribute to their magnetic anomaly. As with the volcanics, intrusives and sediments of the region this, remanence is clearly rotated clockwise. Using 2.5D and 3D magnetic modelling, it is demonstrated that the magnetic anomaly associated with the Candelaria deposit is also dominated by a remanence component which is significantly rotated but of reversed polarity. Recognition of clockwise-rotated, remanence-dominated anomalies should provide a new key to the search for deposits in this part of Chile and elsewhere. An example of an unexplored anomaly showing this key feature of a clockwise-rotated remanence component dominating over the induced component is presented. Modelling of this anomaly indicates a pair of sources which are either ten times as big or ten times as magnetic as the Candelaria deposit. It is suggested that the low cost of palaeomagnetic study of an exploration target should be a prerequisite to magnetic anomaly interpretation of targets in tectonic areas where vertical axis crustal rotations may be a significant element of the overall deformation pattern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001260050248
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinanthropometry study of the physique of disciplined personnel (2000)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of clothing science & technology 12 (2000), S. 144-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper applies the study of kinanthropometry to define the physique of 49 Hong Kong-Chinese Fire Services recruits. Kinanthropometry has been widely used in predicting the secular trend in increased body size of and among different ethnic groups world-wide. It has also been applied in the studies of the physiques of Olympic athletes. The criteria developed for this research can be used as standards for physical recruitment in the disciplined forces, as well as for streamlining and improving the basic measurement scale for the manufacture of uniforms. The results showed that the somatotypes of the studied disciplined personnel were distributed in the range of endomorphic mesomorph. Significant correlation was observed between somatotype components and body girths and length measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09556220010324939
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forecasting freight demand using economic indices (2002)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of physical distribution and logistics management 32 (2002), S. 299-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0960-0035
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper describes the results of an effort to predict future freight volume in the truckload (TL) trucking industry. The approach involves the use of stepwise multiple linear regression models that relate freight volume to a variety of economic indicators. The models are built using a large set of actual freight data provided by J.B. Hunt Transport (JBHT), one of the world's largest TL carriers. The data was first analyzed using the overall set of national data, and then for specific industrial and regional segments. The overall results of these analyses should prove useful to a wide variety of transportation and logistics operations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09600030210430660
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mode conversion electron heating in Alcator C-Mod: Theory and experiment : The 41st annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the american physical society (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 1886-1893 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Localized electron heating [full width at half maximum of Δ(r/a)(approximate)0.2] by mode converted ion Bernstein waves (IBW) has been observed in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak [I. H. Hutchinson et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994)]. These experiments were performed in D(3He) plasmas at high magnetic field (B0=7.9 T), high-plasma density (ne0≥1.5×1020 m−3), and for 0.05≤nHe-3/ne≤0.30. Electron heating profiles of the mode converted IBW were measured using a break in slope analysis of the electron temperature versus time in the presence of rf (radio frequency) modulation. The peak position of electron heating was found to be well-correlated with 3He concentration, in agreement with the predictions of cold plasma theory. Recently, a toroidal full-wave ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) code TORIC [M. Brambilla, Nucl. Fusion 38, 1805 (1998)] was modified to include the effects of IBW electron Landau damping at (k⊥ρi)2(very-much-greater-than)1, This model was used in combination with a 1D (one-dimensional) integral wave equation code METS [D. N. Smithe et al., Radio Frequency Power in Plasmas, AIP Conf. Proc. 403 (1997), p. 367] to analyze these experiments. Model predictions were found to be in qualitative and in some instances quantitative agreement with experimental measurements. A model for mode conversion current drive (MCCD) has also been developed which combines a toroidal full wave code with an adjoint evaluation of the ICRF current drive efficiency. Predictions for off-axis MCCD in C-Mod have been made using this model and will be described. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.874012
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CLUSTER MAGNETIC FIELDS (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics 40 (2002), S. 319-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4146
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Magnetic fields in the intercluster medium have been measured using a variety of techniques, including studies of synchrotron relic and halo radio sources within clusters, studies of inverse Compton X-ray emission from clusters, surveys of Faraday rotation measures of polarized radio sources both within and behind clusters, and studies of cluster cold fronts in X-ray images. These measurements imply that most cluster atmospheres are substantially magnetized, with typical field strengths of order 1 muGauss with high areal filling factors out to Mpc radii. There is likely to be considerable variation in field strengths and topologies both within and between clusters, especially when comparing dynamically relaxed clusters to those that have recently undergone a merger. In some locations, such as the cores of cooling flow clusters, the magnetic fields reach levels of 10-40 muG and may be dynamically important. In all clusters the magnetic fields have a significant effect on energy transport in the intracluster medium. We also review current theories on the origin of cluster magnetic fields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.astro.40.060401.093852
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The transmembrane protein occludin of epithelial tight junctions is a functional target for serine peptidases from faecal pellets of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: There have been only a few studies of how allergens cross the airway epithelium to cause allergic sensitization. House dust mite fecal pellets (HDMFP) contain several proteolytic enzymes. Group 1 allergens are cysteine peptidases, whilst those of groups 3, 6 and 9 have catalytic sites indicative of enzymes that mechanistically behave as serine peptidases. We have previously shown that the group 1 allergen Der p 1 leads to cleavage of tight junctions (TJs), allowing allergen delivery to antigen presenting cells.In this study we determined whether HDMFP serine peptidases similarly compromise the airway epithelium by attacking TJs, desmosomes and adherens junctions.Experiments were performed in monolayers of MDCK, Calu-3 or 16HBE14o-epithelial cells. Cell junction morphology was examined by 2-photon molecular excitation microscopy and digital image analysis. Barrier function was measured as mannitol permeability. Cleavage of cell adhesion proteins was studied by immunoblotting and mass spectrometry.HDMFP serine peptidases led to a progressive cleavage of TJs and increased epithelial permeability. Desmosomal puncta became more concentrated. Cleavage of TJs involved proteolysis of the TJ proteins, occludin and ZO-1. This was associated with activation of intracellular proteolysis of ZO-1. In contrast to occludin, E-cadherin of adherens junctions was cleaved less extensively. Although Calu-3 and 16HBE14o-cells expressed tethered ligand receptors for serine peptidases, these were not responsible for transducing the changes in TJs.HDMFP serine peptidases cause cleavage of TJs. This study identifies a second general class of HDM peptidase capable of increasing epithelial permeability and thereby creating conditions that would favour transepithelial delivery of allergens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.00970.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Phoenix Algorithm for Three Dimensional Data Capture (2000)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    The @photogrammetric record 16 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: The graphical representation and interactive manipulation of accurate three dimensional (3D) models of reality is rapidly becoming an inescapable necessity for many applications of geographical information systems (GIS). There are many problems and difficulties that must be overcome in order to facilitate such 3D models. Can accurate measurements, at sufficient resolution and using affordable resources, be obtained? Will application software usefully process, in all aspects, models of the real world, held in full 3D? Can a topology of containment, adjacency and contiguity in 3D be integrated into the conventional procedural and recording functionality of two dimensional (2D) GIS and still provide workable spatial analysis tools? A 3D GIS applied to an urban environment should maintain a model that would typically consist of solid representations of individual buildings, roads and utilities, providing both external and internal detail, all assigned to a suitable digital terrain model (DTM).The particular 3D application considered here addresses the need for accurate reconstruction of historical urban buildings. The creation, manipulation and exploration of such models is often referred to as “virtual heritage”. Much of this paper describes an effective methodology, called the Phoenix algorithm, requiring only a single image of an urban object, for the construction of 3D models of buildings at high resolution. The development of this algorithm is discussed and the results obtained from it are compared with those obtained using traditional 3D capture techniques. An outline of further potential GIS applications is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0031-868X.00163
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Internal transport barriers on Alcator C-Mod : The 42nd annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the American Physical Society and the 10th international congress on plasma physics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 2023-2028 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The formation of internal transport barriers (ITBs) has been observed in the core region of Alcator C-Mod [I. H. Hutchinson et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994)] under a variety of conditions. The improvement in core confinement following pellet injection (pellet enhanced performance or PEP mode) has been well documented on Alcator C-Mod in the past. Recently three new ITB phenomena have been observed which require no externally applied particle or momentum input. Short lived ITBs form spontaneously following the high confinement to low confinement mode transition and are characterized by a large increase in the global neutron production (enhanced neutron or EN modes). Experiments with ion cyclotron range of frequencies power injection to the plasma off-axis on the high field side results in the central density rising abruptly and becoming peaked. The ITB formed at this time lasts for ten energy confinement times. The central toroidal rotation velocity decreases and changes sign as the density rises. Similar spontaneous ITBs have been observed in ohmically heated H-mode plasmas. All of these ITB events have strongly peaked density profiles with a minimum in the density scale length occurring near r/a=0.5 and have improved confinement parameters in the core region of the plasma. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1345883
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient transport experiments in the current-drive experiment upgrade spherical torus (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 480-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electron transport has been measured in the Current-Drive Experiment Upgrade (CDX-U) (T. Jones, Ph.D. thesis, Princeton University, 1995) using two separate perturbative techniques. Sawteeth at the q=1 radius (r/a∼0.15) induced outward-propagating heat pulses, providing time-of-flight information leading to a determination of χe as a function of radius. Gas modulation at the plasma edge introduced inward-propagating cold pulses, providing a complementary time-of-flight based χe profile measurement. This work represents the first localized measurement of χe in a spherical torus. Core (r/a〈1/3) χe values from the sawtooth study are 1–2 m2/s, and from the gas modulation study are 1–6 m2/s, increasing by an order of magnitude or more outside of the core region. Furthermore, the χe profile exhibits a sharp transition near r/a=1/3. Spectral and profile analyses of the soft x-rays, scanning interferometer, and edge probe data show no evidence of a significant magnetic island causing the high χe region. Comparisons are performed to several theoretical models, with measured χe(approximate)5–10× neoclassical estimates in the core. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1428557
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of mode-converted electron Bernstein wave emission during National Spherical Torus Experiment H-mode plasmas (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 167-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A sudden, threefold increase in emission from fundamental electrostatic electron Bernstein waves (EBW) which mode convert and tunnel to the electromagnetic X-mode has been observed during high energy and particle confinement (H-mode) transitions in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) plasma [M. Ono, S. Kaye, M. Peng et al., in Proceedings of the 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 1999), Vol. 3, p. 1135]. The mode-converted EBW emission viewed normal to the magnetic field on the plasma midplane increases when the density profile steepens in the vicinity of the mode conversion layer, which is located in the plasma scrape off. The measured conversion efficiency during the H-mode is consistent with the calculated EBW to X-mode conversion efficiency derived using edge density data. Calculations indicate that there may also be a small residual contribution to the measured X-mode electromagnetic radiation from polarization-scrambled, O-mode emission, converted from EBWs. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1423336
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