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  • Electronic Resource  (42)
  • 1995-1999  (16)
  • 1985-1989  (26)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 59 (1986), S. 859-863 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Amorphous rare-earth transition metal alloys of composition (Gd1−xFex)1−yAuy with x=0.74, 0.77, and 0≤y≤0.40 were prepared by evaporation onto rotating glass substrates. The magnetic and magneto-optic properties have been investigated in the temperature range 4.2≤T≤TC revealing a decrease of the compensation and Curie temperature, the uniaxial anisotropy, and the Faraday and Kerr rotation with increasing gold content. The temperature behavior can be interpreted in terms of a mean-field analysis indicating a pronounced influence of the gold on the iron moment and the exchange constants. The temperature dependence of the Faraday rotation can be described in terms of the sublattice magnetizations inferred from the fit of the mean-field theory to the measured saturation magnetization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 3331-3333 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: GdTbCo films were rf diode sputtered from a composite target varying the argon pressure PAr and the substrate bias voltage Vb. Both the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constant Ku and the aging behavior of the films depend strongly on the preparation parameters. The absolute maximum of Ku was obtained at Vb=−150 V. However, at this bias voltage nearly the highest oxidation rate of unprotected 100-nm-thick films was observed. Films of highest stability are obtained without any bias voltage. The oxidation rate is correlated with the Ar concentration in the films. It was argued recently that the anisotropy of sputtered films could depend on argon incorporation. Our results seem to rule out this mechanism since GdTbCo films prepared at zero bias show a relative Ku maximum in dependence on PAr where the argon concentration is near its absolute minimum. The magneto-optic Kerr rotation θK of the films can only be correlated with the Co concentration for zero bias films. Some additional variation depending on the bias voltage has been observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: BACKGROUND: Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor characterized by a low potential to interact with the cytochrome P450 enzyme system in man. Its effect on intragastric pH following single and repeated oral intake was investigated in comparison to omeprazole by continuous intragastric pH-metry at doses recommended for treatment of peptic ulcer disease. METHODS: Sixteen healthy male subjects underwent two dosing periods. From day 1 to day 7, they were given once daily by mouth 40 mg pantoprazole in one period and 20 mg omeprazole in the other period, according to a double-blind randomized crossover design. Twenty-four-hour intragastric pH was recorded and frequent blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were taken on day 1 and day 7. A placebo pH profile was obtained prior to each treatment period. RESULTS: Pantoprazole was significantly more effective than omeprazole with regard to increase in 24-h and daytime pH, following both single (median 24-h pH: 1.45 vs. 1.3, P 〈 0.05; median daytime pH: 1.6 vs. 1.3, P 〈 0.01) and repeated (median 24-h pH: 3.15 vs. 2.05, P 〈 0.01; median daytime pH: 3.8 vs. 2.65, P 〈 0.05) oral intake. As compared to the first dose, repeated administration of both drugs markedly increased the effect on intragastric pH. With pantoprazole, steady- state serum concentrations were obtained after the first dose, but not with omeprazole. Both drugs were well tolerated without relevant changes in vital signs of clinical laboratory parameters. CONCLUSION: Pantoprazole 40 mg is significantly more effective than omeprazole 20 mg in raising intragastric pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 124 (1998), S. 288-290 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Keywords Pharmacoeconomics ; High-dose chemotherapy ; Peripheral blood stem cell support
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Discussion of the total costs and cost-effectiveness ratios of patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and peripheral blood stem cell support (PBSCS) is controversial. In Germany, no reliable data are available, whereas in other countries this issue has been extensively studied. We performed a pharmacoeconomic evaluation on all patients (n = 37) treated with HDC and PBSCS at our institution between July 1994 and June 1997. Patients suffered from high-risk or poor-prognosis breast cancer (n = 24), Hodgkin's disease (n = 3), high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 4), multiple myeloma (n = 2), small-cell cervical cancer (n = 1), malignant hystiocytosis (n = 1) and testicular cancer (n = 2). For pharmacoeconomic evaluation, the period from initiation of induction chemotherapy (IC) until reconstitution after the last course of HDC and PBSCS was considered. A total of 18 patients received IC/HDC/PBSCS for locally advanced or systemic disease, and 19 patients received adjuvant or consolidation IC/HDC/PBSCS. Treatment protocols were heterogeneous. Patients were treated with two to five courses (median two) respectively of IC and sequential mono-HDC (n = 26), tandem-HDC (n = 10) or triple-HDC (n = 1). All patients received granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for stem cell mobilisation and for amelioration of neutropenia after HDC. The relative costs (based on supplier prices) for the total amount of drugs prescribed during the in-patient period was 29.8% for G-CSF, 35.8% for blood products 18.5% for chemotherapy, 2.4% for antiemetics, 5.9% for antimicrobial drugs and 7.6% for other drugs. Contrary to expectations, antimicrobial drugs had only a minor pharmacoeconomic impact during IC/HDC/PBSCS in patients with high-risk or poor-prognosis malignancies, indicating that prolonged septic complications were uncommon in our institution. We conclude that pharmacoeconomic evaluations in IC/HDC/PBSCS might be integrated into the effort to ensure quality control and monitoring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Urologe 37 (1998), S. 621-624 
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Key words Markerpositive germ cell tumors • Residual tumor resection • Salvage chemotherapy • High dose chemotherapy ; Schlüsselwörter Markerpositive Keimzelltumoren • Residualtumorresektion (RTR) • Salvagechemotherapie • Hochdosischemotherapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Aus einer Gruppe von Patienten mit metastasierten Keimzelltumoren, die sich zwischen 1991 und 1997 einer Residualtumorresektion (RTR) unterziehen mußte, wurden 33 ausgewertet, die zum Operationszeitpunkt markerpositiv waren. Die Ergebnisse der histopathologischen Untersuchung des Residuums, der Verlauf der Tumormarker und das progreßfreie sowie rezidivfreie Überleben wurden beurteilt. Die Krankheitsstadien waren bei Primärdiagnose unterschiedlich: „minimal disease“n = 1, „moderate disease“n = 15 und „advanced disease“n = 17. Diese Patientengruppe hatte durchschnittlich 8,5 cisplatinhaltige Zyklen einer Polychemotherapie erhalten. Nur 11 Patienten wurden nach First-line-Chemotherapie operiert, die übrigen 22 nach Second-line- bzw. Third-line-Chemotherapie. Bei 12 von 31 auswertbaren Patienten konnte eine anhaltende komplette Remission erzielt werden. Die mediane Nachbeobachtungszeit beträgt für diese Gruppe 30 Monate (2–58 Monate). Die Histologie des Resektats und die Höhe der Tumormarker vor der RTR erlauben keine prognostische Einschätzung. Die Operation führt bei 44 % der AFP- und 30 % der HCG-positiven Patienten zu einer anhaltenden Remission. Sind zum Zeitpunkt der RTR die Tumormarker im Normbereich, beträgt die tumorfreie Überlebensrate 72 %; bei präoperativ erhöhten Markern überleben 39 %. Gelingt keine Markernormalisierung durch intensivierte Chemotherapie, so bleibt die RTR die einzige Möglichkeit, um den schicksalhaften Krankheitsverlauf zu beeinflussen.
    Notes: Summary We analyzed 33 patients with disseminated germ cell tumors (GCT) who underwent residual tumor resection (RTR) during the period from 1991–1997. The patients were markerpositive prior to surgery were analyzed. The histopathological examination of the resected masses, the marker dynamics and the relapse-free respectively the progressionfree survival, were evaluated. The status differed at primary diagnosis: minimal disease n = 1, moderate disease n = 15, advanced disease n = 17. The patients received at average 8,5 cisplatin-containing cycles of polychemotherapy. Only 11 patients underwent surgery after first-line-chemotherapy. The remaining received second- or third-line-chemotherapy prior to surgery. In 12 of 31 evaluable patients, a durable CR was achieved. The median follow-up for this group is 30 months (2–58 months). The histopathologic examination of the resected specimen and the tumor marker level prior to RTR do not permit determination of prognostic outcome. After operation 44 % of the AFP-positive and 30 % of the β -HCG-positive patients had a durable remission. If tumor marker levels at time of RTR are within normal range, disease-free survival is 72 %; in case of elevated markers 39 % will survive. If intensive chemotherapy fails to normalize markers, RTR remains the only option to change the fatal course of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Orthopäde 27 (1998), S. 301-304 
    ISSN: 1433-0431
    Keywords: Key words Sample size • Alpha-beta-power • Effect size ; Schlüsselwörter Stichprobenumfang •α-, β-Fehler/Power • Effektgröße
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Aussagekraft einer klinischen Studie hängt in hohem Maße von der Größe der untersuchten Stichprobe ab. Der optimale Stichprobenumfang kann problemlos berechnet werden, wenn α-Fehler, Power und Effektgröße bekannt sind. In Therapiestudien betragen das α-Fehler-Niveau und die Power meist 5% bzw. 90%. Für den Stichprobenumfang ist deshalb die Effektgröße, die vom Kliniker aufgrund medizinischer Überlegungen festgelegt wird, entscheidend. Die möglichen Konsequenzen sowohl zu kleiner als auch zu großer Stichproben werden anhand der inhaltlichen Bedeutung von α-Fehler, Power und Effektgröße erörtert. Zu kleine Stichproben besitzen ein hohes Risiko falsch negativer Ergebnisse und können dazu führen, daß eine möglicherweise wirksame Therapie nicht angewandt wird. Zu große Stichproben können statistisch signifikante Unterschiede zur Folge haben, die klinisch jedoch bedeutungslos sind.
    Notes: Summary A determinant for the evidence of a clinical trial is the magnitude of the sample size. The proper sample size can be easily computed with the knowledge of α, power and effect size. Standard values for α and power in clinical trials are 5% and 90%, respectively. As consequence, effect size is crucial for the sample size. The effect size has to be determined by the clinician according to medical considerations. Possible consequences of sample sizes that are either too small or too large are discussed with regard to the meaning of α, power and effect size. Trials with improper small samples sizes have a high risk of false negative results, and may subsequently prevent the application of a possibly effective therapy. Trials with improper large sample sizes may result in statistically significant differences without any clinical relevance.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 5 (1999), S. 598-606 
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Traditionell werden neue therapeutische Konzepte in der Therapie von malignen Erkrankungen ausschließlich unter dem Aspekt der Sicherheit und klinischen Effizienz beurteilt. Erst in den letzten Jahren ist zu beobachten, daß zunehmend auch wirtschaftliche Fragestellungen systematisch untersucht werden. Unter diesem Aspekt ist die Hochdosischemotherapie (HDT) besonders interessant. Der Einsatz der HDT hat die Therapiemöglichkeiten bisher unheilbarer maligner und einiger benignen Erkrankungen erweitert, ihr medizinischer und ökonomischer Stellenwert ist bislang jedoch noch nicht ausreichend definiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Manganese nodules from the Kane Gap (a deep sea channel connecting the Sierra Leone and Gambia Basins off West Africa) were investigated chemically and dated by10Be along cross-sections. Comparing the nodule structure with the stratigraphy of the related sediments, the following conclusions are drawn concerning the sedimentation processes during the last 4 to 6×106 years: The growth of the nodules started about 4 to 4.5 Ma before present during or near to the end of a period of erosion on a fossil-free, probably Miocene sediment. During the first phase of only a few hundred thousandyears, the nodules grew very quickly (7 to 〉18 mm/Ma). Fe-rich hydrogenetic material formed the internal sections of the nodules during this time. Slowing down of the bottom currents, resulting in deposition of thin sediment covers for short intervals, caused the character of the nodules to change to a more diagenetic composition. The growth rates were reduced to about 1 to 2 mm/Ma. The time of slowing is roughly 3 to 4 Ma BP. Probable uncertainties of the dating and growth rates resulting from supposed changes of the10Be supply to the nodules due to variations of the near bottom environment are discussed.
    Abstract: Résumé Le «Kana Gap» est un chenal sous-marin qui relie les bassins de Sierra Leone et de Gambie, au large de l'Afrique occidentale. Des nodules de manganèse, recueillis le long de profils transversaux dans ce chenal, ont fait l'objet d'une étude chimique et d'une détermination d'âge10Be. La comparaison entre la structure des nodules et la stratigraphie des sédiments sous-jacents permet de tirer les conclusions suivantes relatives au processus sédimentaire au cours des 4 à 6 derniers Ma. La croissance des nodules a commencé il y a environ 4 à 4,5 Ma pendant ou juste après un épisode d'érosion sous-marine sur des sédiments non fossilifères, probablement miocènes. Au cours d'une première phase d'une durée de quelques centaines de milliers d'années, la croissance a été très rapide (7 à 〉 18 mm par Ma) avec formation de la partie centrale du nodule, constituée de matière hydrogénée riche en Fe. Ensuite, après ralentissement des courants de fond et dépôt probable d'une mince couche de sédiment, le caractère des nodules a évolué vers une composition plus diagénétique, avec réduction du taux de croissance à 1 à 2 mm par Ma. Le moment de ce changement de régime doit se situer entre 3 et 4 Ma. Des changements dans les conditions de milieu sur le fond de la mer pourraient avoir provoqué une variation de la quantité de10Be apportée aux nodules, d'où résulterait une incertitude sur l'estimation des âges et du taux de croissance; cette question est discutée par les auteurs.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An Manganknollen aus der Kane-Lücke, dem Verbindungskanal zwischen Sierra Leone Becken und Gambia Becken (vor W-Afrika) wurden entlang Querprofilen durch mehrere Knollen chemische Untersuchungen und10Be Altersbestimmungen durchgeführt. Durch Vergleich des Aufbaus der Knollen mit der Stratigraphie des unterlagernden Sediments werden Rückschlüsse auf Veränderungen des Sedimentationsgeschehens während der letzten 4–6×106 Jahre gezogen. Hiernach begann das Wachstum der Knollen vor maximal 4.5×106 Jahren während oder gegen Ende einer Erosionsphase auf fossilfreiem, vermutlich miozänem Sediment. Während der ersten Phase wuchsen die Knollen über wenige 100000 Jahre sehr schnell (7 bis〉18 mm/106 Jahre). Hierbei schied sich Fe-reiche Knollensubstanz hydrogener Zusammensetzung ab. Nach Verringerung der Strömung und vermutlich zeitweiser Bildung von dünnen Sedimentschleiern änderte sich der Charakter der Knollen zu mehr diagnetischer Zusammensetzung bei wesentlich reduziertem Wachstum (ca. 1 bis 2 mm/106 Jahre). Der Zeitpunkt der Umstellung ist nur sehr grob zu ermitteln, er dürfte etwa zwischen 3 und 4×106 Jahren vor heute liegen. Eventuelle Unsicherheiten bei der Datierung und den Wachstumsraten, die möglicherweise aus milieubedingten Änderungen in der10Be Versorgung der Knollen resultieren, werden diskutiert.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Keywords: volcanology ; hotspot ; Pacific ; Macdonald ; petrology ; Austral Islands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The southeastern extension of the Austral Islands volcanic chain terminates near 29°S, 140°W at the active Macdonald Seamount. The ‘hotspot’ region near Macdonald consists of at least five other volcanic edifices each more than 500 m high, included in an area about 50–100 km in diameter. On the basis of the sea-floor topography, the southeastern limit of the hotspot area is located about 20 km east of the base of Macdonald, where it is defined by the 3950 m isobath. At the edge of the hotspot area, there is a marked deepening of the seafloor from c.3900 m down to 4000–4300 m. The deeper sea-floor is faulted and heavily sedimented. The Macdonald volcano itself stands 3760 m above the surrounding seafloor, and has a basal diameter of 45 km. Its summit in January 1987 was 39 m below sea level, and it seems likely that Macdonald will emerge at the surface in the near future. Recent (March and November 1986) phreatic explosions on Macdonald Seamount erupted fragments of ultramafic and mafic plutonic blocks together with basic lapilli (volcaniclastic sand). The plutonic blocks have been variably altered and metamorphosed, and in some cases show signs of mineralisation (disseminated sulphides). The blocks presumably come from deeper levels in the volcanic system. The volcanics so far dredged from Macdonald consist of olivine and clinopyroxene cumulus-enriched basalts, evolved basalts, and mugearite. On the basis of incompatible element variations, simple crystal fractionation seems to be controlling the chemical evolution of Macdonald magmas.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 79.20.DS; 81.90.+c; 78.90.+t
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  Interaction phenomena of 50 ns copper vapour laser pulses (λ=511/578 nm) with matter are investigated. The basic ablation process is classified into four fundamental classes. On basis of this classification processing results are connected with specific material properties like the brittleness, the viscosity of the melt or the optical properties. Knowing these properties a prognosis of the expected fundamental process is possible. In order to generate a geometrically defined structure via ablation in a given material-specific process, strategies have to be developed. Typical examples for process strategies are given.
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