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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes of lipolytic enzymes cluster with insulin resistance syndrome (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 344-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin resistance ; lipase activities ; lipoproteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activities of hepatic and lipoprotein lipase and the levels of lipo- and apoproteins were compared in two groups of normoglycaemic men representing the highest (n=18) and lowest (n=15) fasting insulin quintiles of first degree male relatives of non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The high insulin group representing insulin-resistant individuals had significantly lower post-heparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity than the low insulin group (14.2±4.0 vs 20±5.8 Μmol NEFA·ml−1·h−1, p〈0.001); hepatic lipase activity did not differ between the two groups (24.2±11 vs 18.0±5.3 Μmol NEFA·ml−1·h−1, NS). The lipoprotein lipase/hepatic lipase ratio in the high insulin group was decreased by 66% as compared to the low insulin group (0.75±0.57 vs 1.25±0.65, p〈0.01). In the high insulin group both total and VLDL triglycerides were higher than in the low insulin group (1.61±0.57 vs 0.86±0.26 mmol/l, p〈 0.001 and 1.00±0.47 vs 0.36±0.16 mmol/l, p〈0.001, respectively) whereas HDL cholesterol and HDL2 cholesterol were lower (1.20±0.30 vs 1.43±0.22 mmol/l, p〈0.05 and 0.49±0.21 vs 0.71±0.17 mmol/l, p〈0.05, respectively). Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol or HDL3 cholesterol did not differ between the two groups. The mean particle size of LDL was smaller in the high insulin group than in the low insulin group (258±7 vs 265±6 å, p〈0.05). We propose that the changes of lipoprotein lipase and lipoprotein lipase/hepatic lipase ratio cluster with insulin resistance and provide a possible mechanism to explain the lowering of HDL cholesterol and elevation of triglyceride concentrations observed in insulin-resistant subjects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400640
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes of lipolytic enzymes cluster with insulin resistance syndrome (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 344-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Insulin resistance ; lipase activities ; lipoproteins.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activities of hepatic and lipoprotein lipase and the levels of lipo- and apoproteins were compared in two groups of normoglycaemic men representing the highest (n = 18) and lowest (n = 15) fasting insulin quintiles of first degree male relatives of non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The high insulin group representing insulin-resistant individuals had significantly lower post-heparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity than the low insulin group (14.2 ± 4.0 vs 20 ± 5.8 μmol NEFA · ml−1· h−1, p 〈 0.001); hepatic lipase activity did not differ between the two groups (24.2 ± 11 vs 18.0 ± 5.3 μmol NEFA · ml−1· h−1, NS). The lipoprotein lipase/hepatic lipase ratio in the high insulin group was decreased by 66 % as compared to the low insulin group (0.75 ± 0.57 vs 1.25 ± 0.65, p 〈 0.01). In the high insulin group both total and VLDL triglycerides were higher than in the low insulin group (1.61 ± 0.57 vs 0.86 ± 0.26 mmol/l, p 〈 0.001 and 1.00 ± 0.47 vs 0.36 ± 0.16 mmol/l, p 〈 0.001, respectively) whereas HDL cholesterol and HDL2 cholesterol were lower (1.20 ± 0.30 vs 1.43 ± 0.22 mmol/l, p 〈 0.05 and 0.49 ± 0.21 vs 0.71 ± 0.17 mmol/l, p 〈 0.05, respectively). Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol or HDL3 cholesterol did not differ between the two groups. The mean particle size of LDL was smaller in the high insulin group than in the low insulin group (258 ± 7 vs 265 ± 6 Å, p 〈 0.05). We propose that the changes of lipoprotein lipase and lipoprotein lipase/hepatic lipase ratio cluster with insulin resistance and provide a possible mechanism to explain the lowering of HDL cholesterol and elevation of triglyceride concentrations observed in insulin-resistant subjects. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 344–350]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400640
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The destabilizing effect of body armour on military rifle bullets (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 110 (1997), S. 82-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Wound ballistics ; Body armour ; Bullet yaw ; Bullet destabilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract Soft body armour is designed to give protection against fragments and some low velocity bullets but is not designed to stop high velocity rifle bullets. Reports have claimed that soft body armour might disturb the stability of bullets that penetrate it, and that this might increase the size of the lesions. The reason for such an effect might be early yaw of the bullet, so we studied the behaviour of bullets which had passed through soft body armour. A 7.62 × 39 mm AK-47 rifle was fired from a permanent stand using full metal jacketed lead core bullets at a range of 30 m. Soft body armour composed of 14 and 28 layers of aramid fibres (Kevlar) was placed at 90° and 60° to the line of fire. Yaw was measured by the shadowgraph technique and a TERMA Doppler radar. A total of ten shots without body armour, and ten shots with each of the two types of body armour at the two angles were used. The results of the shadowgraph and Doppler radar measurements showed a proportional correlation between the two methods of determining the bullet yaw. The semiquantitative approach of the Doppler radar measurement was in agreement with the more concise measurement using the photographic technique. Velocity loss and loss of spin rate from penetrating 14 or 28 ply Kevlar was negligible. We observed induced instability after penetration of 14 and particularly 28 ply Kevlar, dependence of yaw with respect to the number of layers of Kevlar as well as to the angle of the body armour with respect to the line of fire.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004140050036
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery from nitrite-induced methaemoglobinaemia and potassium balance disturbances in carp (1997)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 16 (1997), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: nitrite ; recovery from nitrite intoxication ; potassium balance ; hyperkalaemia ; hypokalaemia ; methaemoglobinaemia ; intracellular potassium and water contents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstracts The ability of carp to recover from nitrite-induced methaemoglobinaemia and disturbances in potassium balance and cell volume was studiedin vivo andin vitro. Nitrite accumulated to a plasma concentration of 3 mM during 2 days of nitrite exposure was eliminated from the plasma within 2–3 days in clean water. The nitrite-induced methaemoglobinaemia disappeared after 3 days of recovery. During nitrite exposure, K+ was lost from the red blood cells (RBCs) and from skeletal muscle tissue, which led to reduced cell volume and an extracellular hyperkalaemia. Extracellular [K+] rose less than predicted if lost K+ had remained in the extracellular space, suggesting further transport of K+ to the environment. The intracellular K+ and water content were restored after few days of recovery in clean water, but this was paralleled by development of an extracellular hypokalaemia. This shows that intracellular K+ balance was reestablished at the expense of the extracellular compartment, and supports that an overall K+ deficit resulted from K+ loss to the environment during nitrite exposure. Ventricle tissue differed from skeletal muscle and RBCs by not loosing K+ and by having increased sodium and water contents during nitrite exposure. These changes were corrected by recovery in nitrite-free water. In vitro addition of nitrite to blood with low O2 saturation induced metHb formation and RBC K+ efflux. Subsequent reduction of metHb to functional Hb was similar in blood with low and high O2 tension. A net re-uptake of K+ was observed only in RBCs with low O2 saturation and when metHb reached low values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00004535
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA typing of cellular material on perforating bullets (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 108 (1996), S. 177-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Ballistics ; DNA typing ; Perforating bullets ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Bovine lactoglobulin gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract DNA typing of cellular debris from perforating bullets was investigated following shooting experiments. A total of 14 perforating gunshots were fired into 9 calves. PCR typing of tissue fragments was done using bovinespecific primers flanking a 247 by segment within the bovine lactoglobulin gene. Positive amplification results were obtained for all 9 hollow point (HP) and all 5 full metal jacket (FMJ) bullets. In contrast to HP bullets the smooth surfaces of the FMJ bullets did not have visible biological material, which resulted in weaker bands in the DNA analysis compared to HP bullets. Tissue seemed to accumulate at the base of the projectiles. Due to the lack of a suitable marker in bovines, only a species identification was carried out on the DNA from tissue on the bullets. The small amount of DNA extract (up to 5%) required for specification is promising for the successful application of a set of short tandem repeat (STR) systems for individualization in humans. By individualizing tissue on perforating bullets, the bullet and the victim it passed through can be linked. This can assist the investigation of gunshot deaths, especially when several persons are involved in a gun fight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01369787
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copper exposure impairs intra- and extracellular acid-base regulation during hypercapnia in the fresh water rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 168 (1998), S. 591-599 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-136X
    Keywords: Key words Hypercapnia ; Acid-base balance ; Ion regulation ; Blood gases ; Copper
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to evaluate the impact of water-borne copper on acid-base regulation in fresh water rainbow trout, chronically cannulated fish were exposed to copper (0.6 mg 1−1), hypercapnia (water PCO2 of 6 mmHg) or a combination of copper and hypercapnia, while a fourth untreated group served as the control. Blood samples obtained at 0 h, 4 h and 24 h were analysed for acid-base status, ion concentrations and respiratory parameters. Tissue samples from caudal skeletal muscle, liver and gill filaments were examined for intracellular acid-base status, ion- and water contents, and copper concentration. Exposure to copper alone elicited a small extracellular metabolic alkalosis, no changes in arterial PO2, and a minor decrease in plasma ion concentrations. Hypercapnia alone increased arterial PCO2 from approximately 2 mmHg to 7.2 mmHg, but the extracellular respiratory acidosis present at 4 h was almost completely compensated at 24 h due to an increase in plasma bicarbonate concentration [HCO3 −] from 8.1 mM to 24.4 mM. Combined exposure to hypercapnia and copper resulted in a slightly larger acidosis at 4 h, and the fish failed to restore extracellular pH at 24 h, because plasma [HCO3 −] only increased to 16.3 mM. Fish exposed to hypercapnia and copper also showed a delayed recovery of intracellular pH in skeletal muscle, compared to fish exposure to hypercapnia only. Thus, copper exposure impaired both extracellular and intracellular acid-base regulation during hypercapnia. When seen in connection with only minor effects of copper on osmoregulatory and respiratory parameters, the reduced ability to regulate acid-base suggests that acid-base regulation may be one of the most copper-sensitive branchial functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003600050181
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