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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple interferometric microscopy for in situ real-time two-dimensional observation of crystal growth (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 2584-2587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have developed a simple interferometric microscope suitable for in situ observation of crystal growth. The device consists of a light emitting diode (LED) light source, a slightly modified microscope, and a charge coupled device (CCD) camera, all of which are inexpensive and commercially available. In addition to information on a standard 2D image from a CCD camera, this system displays interference fringes that enable one to map the temporal evolution of the distribution of thickness in real time, practically allowing 3D observation of growing crystals. LED light of a relatively low coherence can preferentially project a depth distribution of thin growing crystals as a fringe pattern, effectively suppressing parasitic interference induced by stray beams reflected off optical components. This device is as easy to use as a conventional microscope and can be routinely applied to observe a growth of zeolite crystals in a pressurized hot solution cell. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147190
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new class of COX-2 inhibitor, rutaecarpine from Evodia rutaecarpa (1999)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 48 (1999), S. 621-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Rutaecarpine —Evodia rutaecarpa— Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor — Bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) — Anti-inflammation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: We investigated the effect of a new class of COX-2 inhibitor, rutaecarpine, on the production of PGD2 in bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMC) and PGE2 in COX-2 transfected HEK293 cells. Inflammation was induced by γ-carrageenan in male Splague-Dawley (SD) rats.¶Material: Rutaecarpine (8,13-Dihydroindolo[2',3':3,4]pyridol[2,1-b]quinazolin-5(7H)-one) was isolated from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa. BMMC were cultured with WEHI-3 conditioned medium. c-Kit ligand and IL-10 were obtained by their expression in baculovirus.¶Methods: The generation of PGD2 and PGE2 were determined by their assay kit. COX-1 and COX-2 protein and mRNA expression was determined by BMMC in the presence of KL, LPS and IL-10.¶Treatment: Rutaecarpine and indomethacin dissolved in 0.1% carboxymethyl cellulose was administered intraperitoneally and, 1h later, γ-carrageenan solution was injected to right hind paw of rats. Paw volumes were measured using plethysmometer 5h after γ-carrageenan injection.¶Results: Rutaecarpine inhibited COX-2 and COX-1 dependent phases of PGD2 generation in BMMC in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 0.28 μM and 8.7 μM, respectively. It inhibited COX-2-dependent conversion of exogenous arachidonic acid to PGE2 in a dose-dependent manner by the COX-2-transfected HEK293 cells. However, rutaecarpine inhibited neither PLA2 and COX-1 activity nor COX-2 protein and mRNA expression up to the concentration of 30 μM in BMMC, indicating that rutaecarpine directly inhibited COX-2 activity. Furthermore, rutaecarpine showed in vivo anti-inflammatory activity on rat γ-carrageenan induced paw edema by intraperitoneal administration.¶Conclusion: Anti-inflammatory activity of Evodia rutaecarpa could be attributed at least in part by inhibition of COS-2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050512
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of lyso PAF acetyltransferase activity by flavonoids (1996)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 45 (1996), S. 546-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Platelet-activating factor ; LysoPAF acetyltransferase ; Choline acetyltransferase ; Flavonoid ; RBL-2H3 cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective and Design: Several kinds of flavonoids, widely distributed natural products of the vegetable kingdom which possess anti-inflammatory activity, were examined for inhibitory effects on the acetyl-CoA: 1-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lysoPAF) acetyltransferase activity. Methods: Acetyl-CoA:lysoPAF acetyltransferase activity was determined using homogenates of a rat mucosal-type mastcytoma cell line, RBL-2H3 as an enzyme source. The production of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in rat peripheral white blood cells stimulated with the calcium ionophore A23187 was studied. Results: Of the flavonoids tested, luteolin and quercetin exhibited significant inhibitory effects (IC50, 45μM and 80μM, respectively), whereas other structurally-related flavonoids failed to affect the lysoPAF acetyltransferase activity. Luteolin did not suppress the activity of choline acetyltransferase, suggesting that the inhibition observed here was specific. Luteolin also inhibited the production of PAF in rat peripheral white blood cells. Conclusions: These results indicate that luteolin could become a leading compound for developing a novel type of anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic drugs that target lysoPAF acetyltransferase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02342225
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Augmented prostaglandin E2 generation resulting from increased activities of cytosolic and secretory phospholipase A2 and induction of cyclooxygenase-2 in interleukin-1β-stimulated rat calvarial cells during the mineralizing phase (2000)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 49 (2000), S. 102-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Osteoblast — Prostaglandin E2— Primary culture — Phospholipase A2— Cyclooxygenase-2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: To assess prostaglandin (PG) E2 production by osteoblasts during the mineralizing phase after interleukin (IL)-1β stimulation, using an in vitro system of rat calvarial cells cultured for 21 days.¶Methods: The cells, which reached confluence after 3 days, were designated day 0 cells. Culture was continued for a further 21 days after confluence. The cells on the 21st day of the culture were designated day 21 cells.¶Results: The PGE2 concentration in the medium of the day 21 cells was increased 72 h after IL-1β treatment, and reached a peak level approximately 1,400 times that of the day 0 cells 6 h after IL-1β treatment. We examined the effects of IL-1β on PGE2 production and changes in the relevant enzyme activities, and found that the activities of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), type II secretory PLA2 (sPLA2) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in the day 21 cells were increased. Both selective COX-2 inhibitor and cPLA2 inhibitor abolished PGE2 generation, whereas an sPLA2 inhibitor partially inhibited it. Taken together, these results indicate that COX-2 and cPLA2 play pivotal roles and sPLA2 is involved in IL-1β-stimulated PGE2 production by these cells. Furthermore, we found that IL-1β treatment induced PGE synthase activity and this correlated well with PGE2 production.¶Conclusion: Augmented PGE2 production by mineralizing osteoblasts after IL-1β treatment, and the involvement of IL-1β-induced cPLA2, sPLA2, COX-2 and PGE synthase activities in this phenomenon were demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050566
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Change in the water quality in Lake Ohnuma, Hokkaido, Japan: a comparison of 1977 and 1996 (2000)
    Springer
    Limnology 1 (2000), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-863X
    Keywords: Key words Eutrophication ; Primary production ; Nutrient loading ; Lake Ohnuma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Annual variations in nutrients, algal biomass, and primary production were investigated in Lake Ohnuma, Japan, in 1996 in order to compare them with 1977. Chlorophyll a concentrations gradually increased after the ice melted and reached a maximal value of 20.7 μg l−1 in August. Phosphate concentrations in the lake were close to the detection limit throughout the study period, whereas sufficient nitrate remained even in the productive summer season. In contrast, in the summer of 1977, both nutrients were exhausted, and primary production was less than 0.2 g C m−2 day−1. Primary production in 1996 ranged from 0.4 to 5.8 g C m−2 day−1, which was 2 to 30 times higher than 20 years ago. These results indicate that the lake has become eutrophic in the last two decades. A comparison of the nutrients in the inflowing river between 1977 and 1996 indicated that nitrate and ammonium concentrations were markedly elevated in the rivers, and therefore the nitrogen loading to the lake tripled.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s102010070030
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