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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 47 (2000), S. 42-49 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words:Aenictus, army ants, ant community, Borneo.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: In a rain forest at the foot of Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo, we observed the food habits of Aenictus laeviceps and A. gracilis and surveyed the effects of A. laeviceps on the general ant community. We collected totals of 2,360 and 6,268 prey units, respectively, from seven A. laeviceps and six A. gracilis colonies; ants constituted 99.9% of all prey units. Dominant prey genera were Camponotus (48.2% in wet weight), Pseudolasius (20.8%), and Polyrhachis (15.2%) in A. laeviceps and Technomymex (52.1%), Paratrechina (22.4%), and Crematogaster (11.9%) in A. gracilis. A. laeviceps primarily hunted larger ground ants with small- or medium-sized colonies; in contrast, A. gracilis frequently foraged on smaller arboreal ants with larger colonies. Of the total wet weight of prey ants, brood constituted 88.7% in A. laeviceps and only 68.7% in A. gracilis. This was probably because workers of A. gracilis were quicker in behavior and hunted adult workers more frequently than A. laeviceps. While 98.5% of the prey units were transported by single workers of A. gracilis, 71.5% were carried by up to 20 A. laeviceps workers. The numbers of ant colonies and species were significantly smaller in laeviceps-raided quadrats than in controls. This was mostly due to the escape of ants that nested under litter and had relatively larger colonies. Large colonies usually influence the foundation and establishment of incipient small colonies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words:Monogyny, Myrmica ruginodis complex, orphaned colony, reproductive strategy, worker reproduction.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: The reproductive strategy between queen-right and orphaned colonies of Myrmica kotokui was compared. The ratio of orphaned colonies reached about 30 percent in the field. Although colony size was significantly smaller in orphaned colonies, the mean body size and mean ovariole length of the workers were significantly larger than those in queen-right colonies. The reproductive individuals in orphaned colonies were also significantly larger than those in queen-right colonies. Only 38.5 % of the orphaned colonies, however, contained eggs during the reproductive season, compared to 100 % of the queen-right colonies. This indicates that worker reproduction under natural conditions is relatively low, even in orphaned colonies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 30 (1983), S. 287-297 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume La polygynie et le vol nuptial ont été étudiés dans une super-colonie de fourmis rousses japonaisesFormica (Formica) yessensis Forel à Ishikari Coast, Hokkaido, Japon. Les principaux résultats sont les suivants: 1. La distribution verticale des reines dans les nids varie en fonction de la saison: les reines préfèrent les zones profondes en hiver (40 à 60 cm sous la surface du sol) et les zones peu profondes en été (10 à 40 cm). Cette distribution est positivement corrélée avec celle des ouvrières, excepté entre mi-juillet et la période de pré-hibernation. 2. Dans les nids, les reines tendent à s'agréger dans les mêmes chambres sans hostilité. Toutes ont des ovaires développés pendant la période de production du couvain. 3. La production des sexués est généralement abondante, mais peut parfois faire complètement défaut. 4. Les nouvelles reines «fécondées» tendent à retourner à la colonie-mère, alors que la plupart des femelles vierges essayent de voler plus loin.
    Notes: Summary Polygyny and nuptial flight were observed in a supercolony of a Japanese red wood antFormica (Formica) yessensis Forel at Ishikari Coast, Hokkaido, Japan. The main results are: 1. The vertical distribution of queens in nests seasonally fluctuated, preferring deeper parts (mainly 40 to 60 cm below the ground surface) in hibernation season but shallower parts (10 to 40 cm) in summer. This fluctuation was significantly correlative with that of the vertical distribution of workers except mid July to prehibernation season. 2. In nests the queens tended to aggregate with each other at same chambers without hostility. They all had developed ovaries in egg laying season. 3. Abundant sexuals were produced in the average year, but occasional absence of such mass production was also possible. 4. The inseminated new queens tended to return to the mother colony, while most virgins tried to fly away.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 35 (1988), S. 251-261 
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Resume La croissance et le développement des colonies de la fourmi «charpentière du bambou».Camponotus kiusiuensis ont été étudiés par élevage en laboratoire et par échantillonage régulier dans les forêts de bambous. La mortalité moyenne sur l'ensemble des formes immatures a été de 44,9±SD 7,5% pendant la fondation claustrale de la colonie par la reine: 25,3±8,1% parmi les œufs, 14,1±7,8% parmi les larves, 3.9±6.3% parmi les prénymphes et 4.2±5.6% parmi les nymphes. Si le monorphisme est de règle chez les premières ouvrières, le polymorphisme devient plus marqué parallèlement à la croissance de la colonie et à l'augmentation du nombre de grandes ouvrières jusqu'à ce que l'on atteigne la distribution typique des colonies adultes à partir d'une population de 100 adultes. Les colonies bien développées sont monogynes et polycaliques. Les nids satellites sans femelle sont plus abondants en automne qu'en hiver, contrairement aux nids polycaliques étudiés antérieurement montrant habituellement une augmentation de la densité en nids durant l'été. Ceci suggère que les bambous morts offrent un espace limite de nidification et que le polycalisme est remarquablement dépendant de la taille de population des colonies. Bien que les fourmis ailées soient plus abondantes dans les nids sans reines que dans les nids avec reines, l'effet négatif de la reine sur la production des sexués ne semble pas aussi fort que pour les espèces étudiées auparavant.
    Notes: Summary Colonial growth and development of a bamboo carpenter antCamponotus kiusiuensis was studied both by cultivation in the laboratory and by regular sampling in bamboo thickets. The mean mortality of immatures was 44.9±SD 7.5% during claustral colony foundation by a queen: 25.3±8.1% in eggs, 19.4±9.9% in larvae, 3.9±6.3% in prepupae and 4.2±5.6% in pupae. Although the first workers were monomorphic, polymorphism was developed by an increase in larger workers with the growth of colony, achieving the full variation of worker size at population level of about 100 adults. Well-developed colonies were monogynous and polydomous. Queenless satellite nests were most abundant in the autumn to winter, unlike hitherto studied polydomous ants which usually show the peak of nest density in the summer, suggesting that the dead bamboos limited nest space. The scale of polydomy was remarkably dependent on the population size of the colony. Although the alates were more abundant in queenless nests than in queenright nests, the negative effect of queens on the production was not so strong as in the species hitherto reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Ant ; reproduction ; insemination ; intercaste ; monogyny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Many females morphologically intermediate between queens and workers were found in a northernmost population ofMyrmecina graminicola nipponica Wheeler. Dissection and morphological observation revealed that there were three categories of intercastes. Major intercastes were as large as queens in body size, with seven or more ovarioles, but had only one ocellus, unlike queens, which had three ocelli. Medium intercasts had an enlarged mesonotum, one or no ocellus and 2 to 12 ovarioles. Minor intercaste was very simlar to workers in external morphology, but had a spermatheca, unlike workers. Inseminated females constituted 75%, 40% and 28.6% in the major, medium and minor intercastes respectively. Many of the virgin medium and minor intercastes had a small disfunctional spermatheca. In queenright colonies, a single queen was inseminated and had an active ovary. In queenless colonies where the intercastes reproduced, however, some colonies were functionally monogynous, but the others polygynous. The ratio of polygynous colonies to monogynous colonies was lowest in July and highest in September, suggesting that polygyny results from newly inseminated intercastes remaining in their natal nests, although they leave those nests in the season of colonial budding. Queenless colonies containing inseminated intercastes exclusively produced intercastes, while queenright colonies almost exclusively produced queens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Gamergate, polygyny, monogyny, colonial budding, ovarian development.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: Colonies of the queenless ponerine ant Rhytidoponera aurata were collected in an Acacia-Eucalyptus woodland of North Queensland, Australia. Of the 25 colonies collected, 11 were monogynous and 13 polygynous (1 was not determined). The number of gamergates (mated and egg-laying workers) in the polygynous colonies was 12 to 44. The mean colony size was significantly larger in polygynous colonies than in monogynous colonies. Ovaries of gamergates in monogynous colonies were more developed than those in polygynous colonies, whereas their body size was significantly smaller. Observations in the laboratory suggest that the smaller gamergates were preferentially transported during colonial budding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Osteoblast — Prostaglandin E2— Primary culture — Phospholipase A2— Cyclooxygenase-2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: To assess prostaglandin (PG) E2 production by osteoblasts during the mineralizing phase after interleukin (IL)-1β stimulation, using an in vitro system of rat calvarial cells cultured for 21 days.¶Methods: The cells, which reached confluence after 3 days, were designated day 0 cells. Culture was continued for a further 21 days after confluence. The cells on the 21st day of the culture were designated day 21 cells.¶Results: The PGE2 concentration in the medium of the day 21 cells was increased 72 h after IL-1β treatment, and reached a peak level approximately 1,400 times that of the day 0 cells 6 h after IL-1β treatment. We examined the effects of IL-1β on PGE2 production and changes in the relevant enzyme activities, and found that the activities of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), type II secretory PLA2 (sPLA2) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in the day 21 cells were increased. Both selective COX-2 inhibitor and cPLA2 inhibitor abolished PGE2 generation, whereas an sPLA2 inhibitor partially inhibited it. Taken together, these results indicate that COX-2 and cPLA2 play pivotal roles and sPLA2 is involved in IL-1β-stimulated PGE2 production by these cells. Furthermore, we found that IL-1β treatment induced PGE synthase activity and this correlated well with PGE2 production.¶Conclusion: Augmented PGE2 production by mineralizing osteoblasts after IL-1β treatment, and the involvement of IL-1β-induced cPLA2, sPLA2, COX-2 and PGE synthase activities in this phenomenon were demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words:Myrmica kotokui, microgyne, macrogyne, polygyny, monogyny, allometry.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: Social structure and sexual size of two populations of Myrmica kotokui were compared. Most of the colonies were polygynous in one population and monogynous in the other. Mean body size of the queens was larger in the monogynous population than in the polygynous population. Although the polygynous population contained many large queens, their wing length was significantly shorter than that of queens in the monogynous population. Some females in the polygynous population were intermorphic between typical workers and queens, while the females of the monogynous population were clearly divided into worker and queen castes without any intermorphic females. The body size of the males showed a large variation and the mean was not significantly different between the two populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words 3-Oxo-Δ4-steroid 5β-reductase deficiency ; 3-oxo-Δ4 bile acid ; Immunoblot analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 3-oxo-Δ4-steroid 5β-reductase (5β-reductase) deficiency is difficult to diagnose because severe liver damage can result in a similar pattern of metabolite excretion. We investigated the usefulness of immunoblot analysis for diagnosis of 5β-reductase deficiency and quantitatively analysed urinary bile acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in a 5-month-old Japanese boy with severe neonatal cholestasis associated with hypertyrosinaemia. A liver sample was examined by immunoblot analysis using monoclonal antibodies against 5β-reductase. Urinary 3-oxo-Δ4 bile acids accounted for 88.3% of total bile acids, 5α-bile acids for 0.9%, and primary bile acids for 9.1%. Immunoblot analysis of the liver tissue showed an indistinct band of 5β-reductase. Conclusions These findings suggest that this patient had a secondary 5β-reductase deficiency due to severe liver damage, even though 3-oxo-Δ4 bile acids constituted more than 70% of total urinary bile acids. However, the patient may possibly have had an inherited 5β-reductase deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Carbohydrate Research 115 (1983), S. 165-174 
    ISSN: 0008-6215
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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