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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coordination of Thiocyanate Ions to Rare Earth Ions in Concentrated Aqueous Rare Earth Thiocyanate Solutions (1999)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 315-317 (July 1999), p. 494-499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/04/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.315-317.494.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reconstructing the pathway of the tensor veli palatini motor nerve during early mouse development (2000)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 201 (2000), S. 235-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Mandibular nerve ; Growth cone ; Sprouting ; Innervation ; MyoD1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The motor axons innervating the tensor veli palatini (TVP) navigate a long distance from the trigeminal motor nucleus to their target. The pathway and time course of the TVP motor nerve during this navigation process remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to elucidate the peripheral development of the TVP motor nerve, and to confirm when the morphological relationship is established between the nerve and target muscle progenitors. Using immunohistochemistry, carbocyanine fluorescent labeling, and computerized three-dimensional image-reconstruction methods, we demonstrated the development of the TVP motor nerve in mouse embryos. Further, the morphological relationship between the extending mandibular nerve and myogenic cells stained for MyoD1 was examined. The peripheral pathfinding of the TVP motor nerve was divided into three continuous stages: (1) the earliest trigeminal motor axons leave the metencephalon and enter the primordium of the trigeminal ganglion at E9.5, when MyoD1- positive cells can already be detected in the mesenchymal core of the mandibular arch; (2) converging with the sensory root, the trigeminal motor root excites the trigeminal ganglion and begins to approach the mandibular muscle precursors at E10.5; (3) collateral branching occurs at E12.5. By E13.5, a nerve branch splits from the mandibular nerve to innervate the TVP, which appears as an individual muscle mass. These results suggest that the early process of mandibular motor nerve extension is correlated with the trigeminal ganglion cells, whereas when growing out of the ganglion, the mandibular nerve has a close relationship with target myogenic cells throughout the later process of pathway finding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050314
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volatile Flavor Compounds of Sweetened Condensed Milk (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 66 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : The volatile compounds of sweetened condensed milk (SCM) were investigated to explain their contribution to SCM flavor. Commercially processed SCM was diluted with water and the volatiles were isolated by simultaneous steam distillation-extraction under reduced pressure. Commercial liquid milk was used for comparison. The odor concentrate was analyzed by GC and GC-MS, and then fractionated by silica gel TLC and preparative GC to determine the contributors to SCM flavor. Major volatile compounds were 10 fatty acids, 14 lactones, 10 ketones, 13 hydrocarbons, 8 alcohols, 4 aldehydes, and 8 miscellaneous compounds. δ-Decalactone and δ-dodecalactone were the principal contributors to SCM flavor although the other lactones may contribute as well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb15176.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental test of the radial force balance equation in the compact helical system (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Experimental test of the radial force balance equation was done in the Compact Helical System Heliotron/Torsatron [S. Okamura et al. Nucl. Fusion 39, 1337 (1999)]. A radial electric field is measured with a heavy ion beam probe, while plasma rotation and drift velocity of fully ionized carbon are measured with charge exchange spectroscopy. The two measurements agree with each other to within 10% of the radial electric field in a wide range of electron densities of 0.3–2.0×1019 m−3. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1331097
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical and x-ray studies of thin mixed crystals of NaCl-typed RbI and CsCl-typed CsI (1998)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 1863-1866 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thin Rb1−xCsxI mixed crystals have been grown from the melt in a very small gap formed in between a pair of quartz plates and reflection spectra were measured in the uv-light region at low temperature. Continuous spectral changes of the exciton bands with the composition x suggest strongly the formation of extended solid solution both in the RbI-rich (0.0≤x≤0.4) and CsI-rich (0.7≤x≤1.0) regions. The formation was confirmed by x-ray diffraction, and the compositional change of the lattice constant was determined. These results are in contrast to the eutectic type phase relation with only a limited solid solubility observed in the bulk state of the RbI–CsI binary system. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.476762
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron cyclotron resonance heating near the turning point in inhomogeneous magnetic field (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 3318-3323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cyclotron resonance heating of electrons in a magnetic beach is studied by rigorous numerical analysis of the electron trajectories. It is confirmed that a heating response function [Y. Kiwamoto et al., Phys. Plasmas 1 834 (1994)] connecting the velocity distributions in both sides of the resonance layer can be applied over a wider range of electron velocities than originally expected. For electrons mirror-reflected close to the resonance layer, however, the electron velocity distribution after heating substantially deviates from the prediction of the response function. The deviation is quantitatively evaluated to obtain a criterion of applicability of the response function. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871600
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of secondary electrons from an endplate of a tandem mirror by use of a biased mesh (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 352-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Negative bias is applied to a mesh placed in front of an endplate of the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror [Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 939 (1985)]. A bias voltage of around 10 V results in an increase of the potential difference by an order of kV in the end region. The increment is about two times the temperature of end-loss electrons and most of that stems from the sheath potential drop in front of the endplate. Provided that almost all the secondary electrons emitted from endplate are reflected, these results agree with the prediction of a potential model for the open magnetic field configuration [J. Phys Soc. Jpn. 61, 3153 (1992)]. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871439
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of Yushmanov-trapped electrons to a thermal dike (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 3 (1996), S. 1603-1611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A substantial amount of Yushmanov-trapped electrons are generated as a result of electron cyclotron resonance heating employed for generating a thermal dike in an open magnetic field configuration. The production rate and the energy spectrum of the trapped electrons are calculated by using a heating response function. The calculated energy spectrum of the end-loss electrons driven from the Yushmanov-trapped region indicates a reduction in power efficiency of the thermal dike. The potential profile modified by the Yushmanov-trapped particles tends to reduce their production rate, leading to a stationary state. Their significance to a thermal dike basic experiment in the end region of the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror [Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1992 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1993), Vol. 2, p. 651] is discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.872019
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion cyclotron range of frequency heating experiments on the large helical device and high energy ion behavior : The 42nd annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the American Physical Society and the 10th international congress on plasma physics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 2139-2147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) heating experiments on the Large Helical Device (LHD) [O. Motojima et al. Fus. Eng. Des. 20, 3 (1993)] achieved significant advances during the third experimental campaign carried out in 1999. They showed significant results in two heating modes; these are modes of the ICH-sustained plasma with large plasma stored energy and the neutral beam injection (NBI) plasma under additional heating. A long-pulse operation of more than 1 minute was achieved at a level of 1 MW. The characteristics of the ICRF heated plasma are the same as those of the NBI heated plasma. The energy confinement time is longer than that of International Stellarator Scaling 95. Three keys to successful ICRF heating are as follows: (1) an increase in the magnetic field strength, (2) the employment of an inward shift of the magnetic axis, (3) the installation of actively cooled graphite plates along the divertor legs. Highly energetic protons accelerated by the ICRF electric field were experimentally observed in the energy range from 30 to 250 keV and the tail temperature depended on the energy balance between the wave heating and the electron drag. The transfer efficiency from the high energy ions to the bulk plasma was deduced from the increase in the energy confinement time due to the high energy ions in the lower density discharge, which agrees fairly well with the result obtained by the Monte Carlo simulation. The transfer efficiency is expected to be 95% at an electron density of more than ne=5.0×1019 m−3 even in the high power heating of 10 MW. The accumulation of impurities, e.g., FeXVI and OV was not observed in high rf power and long pulse operation. The well-defined divertor intrinsic to LHD is believed to be useful in reducing the impurity influx. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1354152
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental study of the bifurcation nature of the electrostatic potential of a toroidal helical plasma (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 4152-4183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The bifurcation nature of the electrostatic structure is studied in the toroidal helical plasma of the Compact Helical System (CHS) [K. Matsuoka et al., Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Nice, 1988 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1989), Vol. 2, p. 411]. Observation of bifurcation-related phenomena is introduced, such as characteristic patterns of discrete potential profiles, and various patterns of self-sustained oscillations termed electric pulsation. Some patterns of the electrostatic structure are found to be quite important for fusion application owing to their association with transport barrier formation. It is confirmed, as is shown in several tokamak experiments, that the thermal transport barrier is linked with electrostatic structure through the radial electric field shear that can reduce the fluctuation resulting in anomalous transport. This article describes in detail spatio-temporal evolution during self-sustained oscillation, together with correlation between the radial electric field and other plasma parameters. An experimental survey to find dependence of the temporal and spatial patterns on plasma parameters is performed in order to understand systematically the bifurcation property of the toroidal helical plasma. The experimental results are compared with the neoclassical bifurcation property that is believed to explain the observed bifurcation property of the CHS plasmas. The present results show that the electrostatic property plays an essential role in the structural formation of toroidal helical plasmas, and demonstrate that toroidal plasma is an open system with a strong nonlinearity to provide a new attractive problem to be studied. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1290483
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