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  • 1995-1999  (8)
  • 1990-1994  (2)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of natural tetrafluoromethane (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 384 (1996), S. 32-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Tetrafluoromethane (CF4), a potent greenhouse gas1 with an atmospheric life-time of at least 50,000 years (ref. 2), is believed to be of purely anthropogenic origin. Here we present evidence that about half the current atmospheric bur-den of CF4 has accumulated naturally from weak, probably ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/384032a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneous production of nitrous acid on soot in polluted air masses (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 395 (1998), S. 157-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Polluted air masses are characterized by high concentrations of oxidized nitrogen compounds which are involved in photochemical smog and ozone formation. The OH radical is a key species in these oxidation processes. The photolysis of nitrous acid (HNO2), in the morning, leads to the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/25965
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical properties of element 106 (seaborgium) (1997)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 388 (1997), S. 55-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The synthesis, via nuclear fusion reactions, of elements heavier than the actinides, allows one to probe the limits of the periodic table as a means of classifying the elements. In particular, deviations in the periodicity of chemical properties for the heaviest elements are predicted as a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/388055a0
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of lead concentrations and isotope ratios in recent snow samples from high alpine sites with a double focusing ICP-MS (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 359 (1997), S. 382-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A double focusing ICP-MS, equipped with a Micro Concentric Nebulizer, has been used to determine concentrations and isotopic ratios of lead in recent snow samples (1993–1996) from high alpine sites in Switzerland. Concentrations varied between 0.02 ± 0.002 and 5.5 ± 0.15 ng/g and are slightly lower than concentrations reported by Atteia [1], by Batifol et al. [2], and by Wagenbach et al. [3] for precipitation samples from similar remote sites in Europe. Since concentrations of lead in the fresh snow samples were mainly in the lower pg/g range, the method to determine the isotopic ratios 207Pb/206Pb and 208Pb/206Pb had to be optimized. They could finally be determined with an average standard error of 0.14% within 12 min and a total sample consumption of 0.8 mL. The average ratios 207Pb/206Pb and 208Pb/206Pb were 0.875 and 2.117, respectively. These values are comparable to isotopic compositions of lead in aerosols collected in Western Europe [4] and are less radiogenic than predicted by Grousset et al. [5]. Our data indicate that, although lead emissions from traffic have decreased largely during the last 10 years, the contribution from this source in modern snow is still detectable and seems to be equal to the lead input from other anthropogenic sources (e.g. waste incineration, industry).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050592
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas phase chromatography of halides of elements 104 and 105 (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 160 (1992), S. 327-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract On-line isothermal gas phase chromatography was used to study halides of261104 (T1/2=65 s) and262,263105 (T1/2=34 s and 27 s) produced an atom-at-a time via the reactions248Cm(18O, 5n) and249Bk(18O, 5n, 4n), respectively. Using HBr and HCl gas as halogenating agents, we were able to produce volatile bromides and chlorides of the above mentioned elements and study their behavior compared to their lighter homologs in Groups 4 or 5 of the periodic table. Element 104 formed more volatile bromide than its homolog Hf. In contrast, element 105 bromides were found to be less volatile than the bromides of the group 5 elements Nb and Ta. Both 104 and Hf chlorides were observed to be more volatile than their respective bromides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02037108
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line gas chemistry experiments with transactinide elements (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 183 (1994), S. 261-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Recent experiments are reviewed which used on-line isothermal gas chromatography techniques for studying chemical properties of transactinide elements. In these experiments the volatilities of chloride and bromide molecules in quartz columns were investigated. Measured chromatograms obtained with single molecules are shown to be correlated with the vapor pressure of the corresponding macroamounts. All existing data reveal that element 104 (rutherfordium) chloride has a volatility resembling very much those of the chlorides from the homologous elements hafnium and zirconium. For element 105 (hahnium) a surprisingly low volatility of the bromide compound, is found if compared to those of the corresponding bromides from the homologous elements tantalum and niobium. This latter experimental observation contrasts relativistic theoretical calculations which would predict a higher volatility for hahnium bromide if compared to those of tantalum and niobium bromides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02037995
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ISOTOPE RECORDS FROM MONGOLIAN AND ALPINE ICE CORES AS CLIMATE INDICATORS (1997)
    Springer
    Climatic change 36 (1997), S. 519-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The link between long term changes in the isotopic composition of precipitation and surface air temperature at a given location is of exceptional importance for paleoclimatic studies, as ahs been demonstrated by many recent publications based on the isotope records from polar ice cores. By means of direct comparison with instrumental data, this paper evaluates the potential of the deuterium and oxygen-18 records from two continental glaciers for monitoring climatic trends. The isotopic data presented characterize climatically contrasted enviroments. The records from the Swiss glacier show distinct seasonal variations. Oxygen-18 is fairly well correlated with the instrumental record of atmospheric temperature; the seasonal differences in deuterium excess reflect nearness to the oceanic moisture source. By contrast, the isotope data from the Mongolian site show poor correlation with atmospheric temperature. The seasonal variations in deuterium excess, with higher values during summer time, indicate that precipitation largely originates from re-evaporated continental moisture sources. In both cases however, the correlation with temperature is significantly improved by the elimination of values derived from years where major changes in seasonal distribution and/or snow loss obviously have occurred, thereby distoring the isotopic ratios for that particular year. Depending on the site selected for study, the stable isotope composition of ice cores should therefore be viewed not only as a proxy for atmospheric temperature, but also as an additional hydrometeorological parameter and source indicator for atmospheric moisture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005338427567
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intercomparison of snow Sampling and Analysis Within the Alpine-Wide Snowpack Investigation (SNOSP) (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 93 (1997), S. 67-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Snow sampling ; snow chemistry ; intercomparison ; Alps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In order to investigate the seasonal and geographical distribution of snow concentrations anddeposition fluxes of environmentally relevant ionic species in the Alps, the international programSNOSP was initiated. In the framework of this program, intercomparisons of snow samplingtechniques and analytical methods to determine the ionic species C1-, NO 3 - ,SO 4 2- , K+, Na+, NH4 +, Mg2+, and Ca2+, as well as the pH and the specificconductivity were performed. The concentrations of these species in the snow samples collectedin the SNOSP program varied by orders of magnitude with, e.g., concentrations of NO 3 - , SO 4 2- , and NH4 + ranging from 0.2-60, 0.2-90, and 0.1-60 µeq L-1,respectively. The intercomparisons revealed a reasonable agreement of the determinations of thespecies Cl-, NO 3 - , SO 4 2- , Na+, and NH4 + in snow. Results were less satisfactory for K+, Mg2+, Ca2+,and H+, mainly due to the very low concentrations. In conclusion, recommendations areformulated for the reliable derivation of chemical inventories from snow packs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022167507380
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intercomparison of snow sampling and analysis within the alpine-wide snowpack investigation (SNOSP) (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 93 (1997), S. 67-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Snow sampling ; snow chemistry ; intercomparison ; Alps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In order to investigate the seasonal and geographical distribution of snow concentrations and deposition fluxes of environmentally relevant ionic species in the Alps, the international program SNOSP was initiated. In the framework of this program, intercomparisons of snow sampling techniques and analytical methods to determine the ionic species Cl−, NO3 −, SO4 2−, K+, Na+, NH4 +, Mg2+, and Ca2+, as well as the pH and the specific conductivity were performed. The concentrations of these species in the snow samples collected in the SNOSP program varied by orders of magnitude with, e.g., concentrations of NO3 −, SO4 2−, and NH4 + ranging from 0.2–60, 0.2–90, and 0.1–60μeq L−1, respectively. The intercomparisons revealed a reasonable agreement of the determinations of the species Cl−, NO3 −, SO4 2−, Na+, and NH4 + in snow. Results were less satisfactory for K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and H+, mainly due to the very low concentrations. In conclusion, recommendations are formulated for the reliable derivation of chemical inventories from snow packs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02404748
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A130 years deposition record of sulfate, nitrate and chloride from a high-alpine glacier (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 603-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: Alps ; Chloride ; Deposition record ; Ice core ; Nitrate ; Sulfate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract An ice core from a high-alpine glacier (Grenzgletscher, Colle Gnifetti, Monte Rosa massif, 4450 m a.s.l., Switzerland) was used to reconstruct the pollution history of Central-Europe. Concentrations of the most important acidifying species sulfate and nitrate as well as of chloride were measured in 1151 samples with 5 cm resolution from the top 60 m of a 109 m long firn/ice core. This corresponds to a mean time resolution of 8 (bottom) to 14 (top) data points per year. A 210Pb nuclear dating showed that the ice core covers a time period between 1850–1981 and that the mean accumulation rate was 0.33 m water equivalent per year. Between the two time periods 1850 – 1880 and 1965 – 1981 the mean sulfate concentrations increased by a factor of 5.8±0.9 and for nitrate by a factor of 2.3±0.3. The mean concentrations at the beginning of the industrial time (period 1850 –1880) was 0.078±0.008 mg/l for sulfate and 0.067±0.005 mg/l for nitrate. The mean chloride concentration was 0.047±0.004 mg/l and did not show a trend in concentration over the time period investigated. A distribution analysis of the measured concentrations for the two time periods 1850 – 1865 and 1965 – 1981 was performed which showed that the data have a nearly log-normal distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00476895
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