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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    VARIATION IN ADIRONDACK, NEW YORK, LAKEWATER CHEMISTRY AS FUNCTION OF SURFACE AREA (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 26 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Data from a recent survey conducted by the Adirondack Lake Survey Corporation were used to evaluate the influence of lake surface area on the acid-base status of lakes in Adirondack State Park, New York. Acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) in the small lakes (〈 4 ha) occurred more frequently at extreme values (〉 200, 〈 0 μeq L−1), whereas larger lakes tended to be intermediate in ANC. Consequently, acidic (ANC ≤ 0) and low-pH lakes were typically small. The small lakes also exhibited lower Ca2+ concentration and higher dissolved organic carbon than did larger lakes. Lakes ≥ 4 ha were only half as likely to be acidic as were lakes ≥ 1 ha in area. These data illustrate the dependence of lake chemistry on lake surface area and the importance of the lower lake area limit for a statistical survey of lake water chemistry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1990.tb01361.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES: A Continuum of Interactions with Host Plants (1998)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 29 (1998), S. 319-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4162
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Endophytic fungi living asymptomatically within plant tissues have been found in virtually all plant species. Endophytes are considered plant mutualists: They receive nutrition and protection from the host plant while the host plant may benefit from enhanced competitive abilities and increased resistance to herbivores, pathogens, and various abiotic stresses. Limited evidence also indicates that endophytes may influence population dynamics, plant community diversity, and ecosystem function. However, most of the empirical evidence for this mutualism and its ecological consequences has been based on a few agronomic grass endophytes. More recent studies suggest that endophyte-host plant interactions are variable and range from antagonistic to mutualistic. A more comprehensive view of the ecology and evolution of endophytes and host plants is needed. This article discusses how life history traits-such as fungal reproduction and pattern of infections and genotypic variation and ecological factors-influence the direction and strength of the endophyte-host plant interaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.319
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short report: a comparative study of the interaction between antacid and H2-receptor antagonists (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 8 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The influence of concomitant antacid administration on the relative bioavailability of the H2-receptor antagonists cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine and ranitidine, was investigated in a panel of 21 healthy, adult male volunteers in an eight-way crossover trial. Administration with antacid reduced the bioavailability of all agents tested. The reduction in area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) was greatest for cimetidine (23%) and ranitidine (26%) and least for nizatidine (12%) and famotidine (19%). Reductions in peak serum concentration (Cmax) followed a similar pattern. The times of peak serum concentrations were not affected by antacid. Comparison of the relative bioavailability among all drugs tested showed no statistically significant differences in the effect of antacid administration on these agents. However, a high degree of intersubject variability was observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1994.tb00168.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of changes in lakewater chemistry in response to acidic deposition (1990)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 345 (1990), S. 54-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Adirondack Mountains of New York constitute the region of the United States that has been most intensively studied with respect to the acidity of surface waters and potential acidic deposition effects3'10. The Adirondacks receive high levels of atmospheric deposition of sulphur and nitrogen11, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/345054a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The feasibility and utility of a paleolimnology/paleoclimate data cooperative for North America (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 10 (1994), S. 265-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: climate ; paleolimnology ; diatom ; data cooperative ; paleoclimatology ; ostracode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00684036
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The most dilute lake in the world? (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 199 (1990), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: base cations ; conductivity ; dilute lakes ; hydrology ; Oregon Cascades
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Lake Notasha, near the crest of the Oregon Cascade mountain range, is the most dilute lake known. The measured conductivity during two visits was 1.3 and 1.6 µS cm−1 with a sum of base cations of 9 and 18 µeq L−1; bicarbonate was the dominant anion. Most of the cations in the lake can be accounted for by evapoconcentration of precipitation, although input of weathering products cannot be excluded as a source. The topographic watershed has a mixed coniferous forest, but the physical setting of the lake apparently minimizes hydrologic and ionic contributions from the watershed. This feature makes lakes such as Notasha appropriate receptors for monitoring atmospheric contaminants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007827
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced-Form Modelling of Surface Water and Soil Chemistry for the Tracking and Analysis Framework (1998)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 105 (1998), S. 617-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: acid deposition ; Adirondacks ; integrated assessment ; lake acidification ; mathematical model ; reduced-form modelling ; soil acidification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A reduced-from modelling approach is used to predict soil and lake acidification as part of an integrated assessment of acid deposition effects and control strategies. The reduced-form model is based upon the mechanistic, lumped parameter watershed chemistry model, MAGIC (Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments). Recent improvements to MAGIC are described, and its reduced-form representation in the Tracking and Analysis Framework (TAF), an integrated assessment model for decision and uncertainty analysis, is presented. Reduced-form models are developed for lake acid neutralising capacity (ANC), calcium, pH, and aluminium; and for soil base saturation. The model for lake ANC incorporates long-term depletion of the watershed acid neutralisation fraction, as is predicted to occur with MAGIC. In test calibrations for 33 representative watersheds in the Adirondacks, the resulting reduced-form model provides a close approximation to MAGIC, with average root mean square errors of 0.79 μeq l-1 for ANC, 1.09 μeq l-1 for calcium, 0.16 for pH, 2.52 μeq l-1 for aluminium, and 0.09% for soil base saturation. In addition, improved fish viability models are incorporated in the integrated assessment model, and predictions are demonstrated for a future deposition reduction scenario for the Adirondack region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004993425759
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testing, improvement, and confirmation of a watershed model of acid-base chemistry (1995)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 85 (1995), S. 2607-2612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: acidification ; model testing ; modeling ; acid deposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Strategies to control the emission of atmospheric pollutants such as sulfur and nitrogen, are generally based in large part on projections using models that simulate the influence of sulfur and/or nitrogen deposition on the acid-base chemistry of surface waters. One of the principal models used throughout Europe and North America for such assessment is the Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments (MAGIC). All watershed models are simplified representations of reality, and as such require careful testing to establish their veracity prior to use for making policy projections. This is particularly true where the use of these model projections has the potential for serious environmental or economic consequences. During the past five years, we have tested the MAGIC model in a large variety of settings and under quite varying environmental conditions. This work has included comparing model hindcast simulations with diatom-inferences of historical acidification, sensitivity analyses to examine the response of the model to alternative assumptions and formulations, and detailed testing of model forecasts by comparing simulated chemistry with the results of catchment-scale and plot-scale experimental acidification and deacidification. Our analyses have elucidated a number of potentially-important deficiencies in model structure and method of application. These have resulted in changes to the model and its calibration procedures. Our work has included in-depth evaluation of issues related to regional aggregation of soils data, background sulfur deposition, natural organic acidity, and aluminum mobilization. The result has been an improved and more thoroughly-tested version of MAGIC. The process we have followed to improve and confirm the MAGIC model has been iterative and time consuming. It required the availability of large volumes of data from experimental manipulation and paleolimnological studies. We believe that such model testing and confirmation efforts should be a critical prerequisite for regional or national assessment activities that are based largely on the results of environmental models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01186227
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increasing role of nitrogen in the acidification of surface waters in the Adirondack Mountains, New York (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 95 (1997), S. 313-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: nitrogen ; acidification ; Adirondack Mountains ; atmospheric deposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Assessments of the aquatic effects of acidic deposition have focused on sulfur, as have recent efforts to control the emissions of acidifying compounds. Nitrogen dynamics were excluded from most acidic deposition modeling studies because it was believed that terrestrial ecosystems strongly retain N and because modeling N is a more formidable task than modeling S due to the influence of complex biological processes on N cycling. Re-examination of available data for the Adirondack Mountains of New York suggests that N deposition may be contributing to both chronic and episodic acidification of freshwaters to a greater extent than is generally believed. Previous research concluded that N has played a limited role in acidification processes in these lakes, based on regional averages of chronic chemistry. However, it is now known that historic acidification responses have been spatially variable within the Adirondack Mountains and that the declines in lakewater pH have been less than previously believed. Lakewater NO3 − concentrations are commonly in the range of 5 to 25 μeq L−1 on a chronic basis in portions of the Adirondack region that have experienced significant chronic acidification. These NO3 − concentrations correspond in magnitude to inferred historical acidification. Furthermore, the relative importance of NO3 − as an agent of acidification increases dramatically during snowmelt when conditions are most toxic to fish. The consequence of not addressing N in formulating acidification recovery strategies for the Adirondacks includes the likelihood that we will overestimate the response of surface water to the mandated sulfur emissions reductions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02406172
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INCREASING ROLE OF NITROGEN IN THE ACIDIFICATION OF SURFACE WATERS IN THE ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS, NEW YORK (1997)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 95 (1997), S. 313-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: nitrogen ; acidification ; Adirondack Mountains ; atmospheric deposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Assessments of the aquatic effects of acidic deposition have focused on sulfur, as have recent efforts to control the emissions of acidifying compounds. Nitrogen dynamics were excluded from most acidic deposition modeling studies because it was believed that terrestrial ecosystems strongly retain N and because modeling N is a more formidable task than modeling S due to the influence of complex biological processes on N cycling. Re-examination of available data for the Adirondack Mountains of New York suggests that N deposition may be contributing to both chronic and episodic acidification of freshwaters to a greater extent than is generally believed. Previous research concluded that N has played a limited role in acidification processes in these lakes, based on regional averages of chronic chemistry. However, it is now known that historic acidification responses have been spatially variable within the Adirondack Mountains and that the declines in lakewater pH have been less than previously believed. Lakewater NO3 - concentrations are commonly in the range of 5 to 25 μeq L-1 on a chronic basis in portions of the Adirondack region that have experienced significant chronic acidification. These NO3 - concentrations correspond in magnitude to inferred historical acidification. Furthermore, the relative importance of NO3 - as an agent of acidification increases dramatically during snowmelt when conditions are most toxic to fish. The consequence of not addressing N in formulating acidification recovery strategies for the Adirondacks includes the likelihood that we will overestimate the response of surface water to the mandated sulfur emissions reductions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026422031266
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