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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On equivalence between stress criterion and stiffness criterion in evolutionary structural optimization (1999)
    Springer
    Structural optimization 18 (1999), S. 67-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In a finite element analysis (FEA), the contours of element von Mises stress and stiffness sensitivity number are found to be very similar. This paper shows there to be an equivalence between the von Mises stress criterion and the stiffness criterion for element elimination or addition in evolutionary structural optimization. The examples presented demonstrate the same resulting topologies during the evolving process using the two “different” criteria. The effect of numerical errors on topology is also investigated. It is concluded that the optimized topologies of a structure using the fully stressed criterion and the minimum compliance or maximum stiffness criterion are equivalent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01210693
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of cross-sensitization among dye-intermediate agents using a modified lymphocyte transformation test (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 70 (1996), S. 414-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Cross-sensitization ; Lymphocyte transformation ; p-Phenylenediamine ; p-Aminophenol ; m-Phenylenediamine ; Color-developing agents ; Guinea pig ; Epidermal cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We evaluated cross-sensitization between p-phenylenediamine (pPDA) and p-aminophenol (pAP) or m-phenylenediamine (mPDA) by a modified lymphocyte transformation test. Guinea pigs were sensitized with pPDA using the maximization test procedure. Lymph node cells from the animals were then cultured with pPDA, pAP or mPDA in the presence or absence of epidermal cells (EC). Transformed lymphocyte counts were evaluated by means of 3H-thymidine uptake. Non-sensitized guinea pigs were used as controls. Blastogenesis in lymphocytes from sensitized guinea pigs was enhanced when cultured with pPDA, pAP or mPDA in the absence or presence of EC than without the sensitizers, and the extent of response depended on the concentration of pPDA, pAP or mPDA added to the cultures. Blastogenesis in lymphocytes from control animals was not significantly enhanced in response to pPDA, pAP or mPDA in the presence or absence of EC. The extent of the response to pPDA was greater than that to pAP, which in turn was greater than that to mPDA. In contrast, because pPDA, pAP and mPDA are color developing agents, cross-sensitization between pPDA and pAP or mPDA could not be evaluated by the results of an in vivo challenge due to pigmentation in the patch application sites. The results suggested that there is cross-sensitization between pPDA and pAP or mPDA, and that the modified lymphocyte transformation test is a useful predictive of detecting cross-sensitization among chemicals, especially for color developing agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050293
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and microstructures of CoAg granular films with giant magnetoresistance (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 167-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 75.60.Jp ; 81.35.+k ; 68.55.Bg
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A series of Co x Ag1−x (0 ≤x 〈 100 at.%) granular films were deposited onto glass substrates with the thickness on the order of 400 nm using the ion-beam cosputtering technique at different substrate temperatures. Systematical investigations were made on the Giant MagnetoResistance (GMR) effect and microstructures in these thin granular films. The magnetoresistance ratio strongly depends on cobalt concentration, substrate temperature, and the optimal value of GMR was observed in Co22Ag78 sample prepared at a temperature of 300 K. Microstructures of these films are closely related to the fabricating process, and thus influence the GMR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01567645
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dissipation of Phloxine B and Uranine in Sediment and Water at a Kauai Spill Site (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 61 (1998), S. 426-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900780
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on Silicone Rubber (1997)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 137 (Apr. 1997), p. 87-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/44/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.137.87.pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant magnetoresistive memory effect in Nd0.7Sr0.3MnOz (abstract) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5165-5165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A novel giant magnetoresistance memory effect has been observed in epitaxial Nd0.7Sr0.3MnOz thin films which have previously been found to exhibit a linear increase in conductivity on first application of a magnetic field (B). Here we reported that the conductivity of the films depends not only on the applied field but also on the magnetic history. At T well below the temperature Tp where the zero-field resistivity has a peak, the film enters a high conductivity state [(ΔR/RB)(approximately-greater-than)103] upon application of a magnetic field which persists even when B is reduced to zero. The original "zero'' field state is not recovered until the sample is warmed to T∼Tp. Surprisingly, the dc magnetization exhibits only a weak irreversibility while the magnetoconductivity is markedly hysteretic. That is, while the remanent magnetization is small the remanent magnetic resistivity is 10−3 times the initial zero-field-cooled resistivity. A possible explanation based on a two-component model of semiconducting matrix with embedded shunting paths of ferromagnetic material will be presented. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361542
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unsteady separation from the leading edge of a thin airfoil (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 8 (1996), S. 704-714 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: At high Reynolds numbers, the process leading to dynamic stall on airfoils initiates in the leading-edge region. For thin airfoils, the local motion near rounded leading edges can be represented as flow past a parabola and when the mainstream flow is at an angle of attack to the airfoil, a portion of the boundary layer will be exposed to an adverse pressure gradient. Once the angle of attack exceeds a certain critical value, it is demonstrated that unsteady boundary-layer separation will occur in the leading-edge region in the form of an abrupt focused boundary-layer eruption. This process is believed to initiate the formation of the dynamic stall vortex. For impulsively-started incompressible flow past a parabola, a generic behavior is found to occur over a range of angles of attack, and a limit solution corresponding to relatively large angles is found. The separation in the leading-edge region develops in a zone of relatively limited streamwise extent over a wide range of angles of attack. This suggests that localized control measures (such as suction) may possibly be effective at inhibiting separation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.868856
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multilayer optics for harmonic control of angiography beamline sources : The 9th National conference on synchrotron radiation instrumentation (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 3357-3357 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In recent work, multilayers with band-tailored optics for dual energy digital subtraction angiography (DDSA) applications have been designed and tested at SSRL. Control of various multilayer parameters, including period grading, ratio of high-to-low Z material thickness, number of layers, etc., was used to produce reflectors with bandwidths ranging from 0.6%–10% and efficiencies in the 30%–95% range. In this paper, we consider the control of multilayer bandshapes and the implementation of double-reflection multilayer configurations to further control the first harmonic (33 keV) bandwidth and to suppress or eliminate the 66 keV and 99 keV harmonics present on angiography beamlines driven by wiggler or micropole undulator sources. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147465
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrafast phase dynamics of coherent carriers in GaAs (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 3321-3323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ultrafast phase dynamics of free-induction decay for carriers in bulk GaAs is studied with differential-phase spectroscopy. The instantaneous phase shifts of the free-induction decay with respect to the excitation pulses are extracted from simultaneously recorded laser pulse autocorrelation and free-induction decay in GaAs. Ultrafast phase dynamics during and immediately after the femtosecond pulse excitation are numerically evaluated with optical Bloch equations using pump pulse and semiconductor exciton parameters as input. Good agreement of the theory with experiment is obtained. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122708
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement of the 77 K irreversibility field and critical current density of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca 2Cu3Ox tapes by manipulation of the final cooling rate (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 2915-2917 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: By manipulating the cooling rate from the final heat treatment, we have raised the 77 K, self-field critical current density (Jc) of multifilament (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (2223) tapes by a factor of 3, and the irreversibility field (H*) by more than 50%. The Jc of samples cooled in 7.5% O2 from their reaction temperature of 825 °C increased from ∼8 to ∼24 kA/cm2 and H*(77 K) increased from ∼120 to ∼200 mT as the cooling rate was decreased from 5 to 0.016 °C/min. The results unambiguously show that the flux pinning properties of 2223 tapes can be improved by simple changes in wire processing. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117322
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